双元音
双元音(diphthong)是一种复元音(compound vowel),又称双母音或二合复元音,在语音学中,指联合的两个元音,它们作为一个整体出现。之间有平滑的过渡,也就是说,双元音中的发音牵涉到两种不同的舌位,并且从其中一种舌位滑动到另一舌位。在国际音标 (IPA) 中,单元音用一个字母表示,如[ʌ]。双元音用两个字母表示,如[aɪ],响度较低的字母可以加上 ̯ 符号以表示它是双元音的一部份,例如 [aɪ̯]。
双元音的类型
编辑双元音依响度的变化可分为上升双元音与下降双元音(或称上升复元音与下降复元音)。上升复元音以响度较低的元音开始,以响度较高的元音结束,例如 [ɪ̯a]。下降复元音以响度较高的元音开始,以响度较低的元音结束,例如 [aɪ̯]。在某些语言或研究中,会将下降复元音视为真正的双元音,至于上升复元音则倾向于被当作相邻出现的两个元音。例如在汉语中,上升复元音常被当作介音与主要元音的结合,而下降复元音则被当作一个整体的押韵单位。
参见
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