雙元音
雙元音(diphthong)是一種複元音(compound vowel),又稱雙母音或二合複元音,在語音學中,指聯合的兩個元音,它們作為一個整體出現。之間有平滑的過渡,也就是說,雙元音中的發音牽涉到兩種不同的舌位,並且從其中一種舌位滑動到另一舌位。在國際音標 (IPA) 中,單元音用一個字母表示,如[ʌ]。雙元音用兩個字母表示,如[aɪ],響度較低的字母可以加上 ̯ 符號以表示它是雙元音的一部份,例如 [aɪ̯]。
雙元音的類型
編輯雙元音依響度的變化可分為上升雙元音與下降雙元音(或稱上升複元音與下降複元音)。上升複元音以響度較低的元音開始,以響度較高的元音結束,例如 [ɪ̯a]。下降複元音以響度較高的元音開始,以響度較低的元音結束,例如 [aɪ̯]。在某些語言或研究中,會將下降複元音視為真正的雙元音,至於上升複元音則傾向於被當作相鄰出現的兩個元音。例如在漢語中,上升複元音常被當作介音與主要元音的結合,而下降複元音則被當作一個整體的押韻單位。
參見
編輯參考文獻
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