氟正离子

氟正离子
Skeletal formula of fluoronium with assorted dimensionsDiercksen, G. H. F.; von Niessen, W.; Kraemer, W. P., SCF LCGO MO studies on the fluoronium ion FH2+ and its hydrogen bonding interaction with hydrogen fluoride FH, Theoretical Chemistry Accounts: Theory, Computation, and Modeling (Theoretica Chimica Acta), September, 31 (3): 205–214, doi:10.1007/BF00526510 [永久失效链接]	Spacefill model of fluoronium
	IUPAC名; Fluoronium
	系统名; Fluoranium
识别
CAS号	12206-67-6
ChemSpider	19122106
SMILES	[FH2+];
InChI	1/FH2/h1H2/q+1;
InChIKey	YNESUKSMQODWNS-UHFFFAOYAK
ChEBI	50314
性质
化学式	H2F+
摩尔质量	21.01428 g·mol⁻¹
	若非注明，所有数据均出自标准状态（25 ℃，100 kPa）下。

氟正离子，又称二氢氟阳离子、氟化氢合氢离子，旧译鉘^[2]，化学式为H₂F⁺。它是一种由氟化氢的质子化或自偶电离产生的多原子阳离子：

HF + H⁺ → H₂F⁺

或

3HF ⇌ H₂F⁺ + HF₂⁻

二氢氟阳离子可以在氟锑酸里找到。^[3] 已经确定了具有Sb
2F−
11阴离子的盐的结构。 ^[4] ^[5] 二氢氟阳离子和水和氨基负离子是等电子体。

与氯、溴、碘可以形成多种无环（如[Me₂Cl]⁺[Al(OTeF₅)₄]^–^[6]）与环状的卤𬭩离子不同，氟阳离子曾被认为无法形成通式为R–+F–R的有机衍生物。不过，氟阳离子的有机衍生物最终于2018年发现。^[7]

参见

氟化氢根

参考资料

^ Fluoronium (CHEBI:50314). Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI). UK: European Bioinformatics Institute. [2011-10-12]. （原始内容存档于2016-03-16）.
^ 化學命名原則第四版. 国立编译馆. 2004 [2021-11-19]. （原始内容存档于2021-02-10）.
^ Esteves, Pierre M.; Ramírez-Solís, Alejandro; Mota, Claudio J. A. The Nature of Superacid Electrophilic Species in HF/SbF5: A Density Functional Theory Study. Journal of the American Chemical Society. March 2002, 124 (11): 2672–2677. ISSN 0002-7863. PMID 11890818. doi:10.1021/ja011151k.
^ Mootz, Dietrich; Bartmann, Klemens. The Fluoronium Ions H₂F⁺ and H₃F²⁺: Characterization by Crystal Structure Analysis. Angewandte Chemie. 1988, 27 (3): 391–392. doi:10.1002/anie.198803911.
^ Diercksen, G. H. F.; von Niessen, W.; Kraemer, W. P. SCF LCGO MO studies on the fluoronium ion FH+
2 and its hydrogen bonding interaction with hydrogen fluoride FH. Theoretical Chemistry Accounts: Theory, Computation, and Modeling (Theoretica Chimica Acta). 1973, 31 (3): 205–214. doi:10.1007/BF00526510.
^ Hämmerling, Sebastian; Thiele, Günther; Steinhauer, Simon; Beckers, Helmut; Müller, Carsten; Riedel, Sebastian. A Very Strong Methylation Agent: [Me2Cl][Al(OTeF5)4]. Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 2019, 58 (29): 9807–9810 [2024-01-19]. ISSN 1521-3773. PMID 31050103. S2CID 143434865. doi:10.1002/anie.201904007. （原始内容存档于2023-04-14）（英语）.
^ Pitts, Cody Ross; Holl, Maxwell Gargiulo; Lectka, Thomas. Spectroscopic Characterization of a [C−F−C]⁺ Fluoronium Ion in Solution. Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 2018-02-12, 57 (7): 1924–1927. PMID 29316122. doi:10.1002/anie.201712021 （英语）.

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[1] Fluoronium (CHEBI:50314). Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI). UK: European Bioinformatics Institute. [2011-10-12]. （原始内容存档于2016-03-16）.

[2] 化學命名原則第四版. 国立编译馆. 2004 [2021-11-19]. （原始内容存档于2021-02-10）.

[:0-3] Esteves, Pierre M.; Ramírez-Solís, Alejandro; Mota, Claudio J. A. The Nature of Superacid Electrophilic Species in HF/SbF5: A Density Functional Theory Study. Journal of the American Chemical Society. March 2002, 124 (11): 2672–2677. ISSN 0002-7863. PMID 11890818. doi:10.1021/ja011151k.

[4] Mootz, Dietrich; Bartmann, Klemens. The Fluoronium Ions H₂F⁺ and H₃F²⁺: Characterization by Crystal Structure Analysis. Angewandte Chemie. 1988, 27 (3): 391–392. doi:10.1002/anie.198803911.

[5] Diercksen, G. H. F.; von Niessen, W.; Kraemer, W. P. SCF LCGO MO studies on the fluoronium ion FH+
2 and its hydrogen bonding interaction with hydrogen fluoride FH. Theoretical Chemistry Accounts: Theory, Computation, and Modeling (Theoretica Chimica Acta). 1973, 31 (3): 205–214. doi:10.1007/BF00526510.

[6] Hämmerling, Sebastian; Thiele, Günther; Steinhauer, Simon; Beckers, Helmut; Müller, Carsten; Riedel, Sebastian. A Very Strong Methylation Agent: [Me2Cl][Al(OTeF5)4]. Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 2019, 58 (29): 9807–9810 [2024-01-19]. ISSN 1521-3773. PMID 31050103. S2CID 143434865. doi:10.1002/anie.201904007. （原始内容存档于2023-04-14）（英语）.

[7] Pitts, Cody Ross; Holl, Maxwell Gargiulo; Lectka, Thomas. Spectroscopic Characterization of a [C−F−C]⁺ Fluoronium Ion in Solution. Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 2018-02-12, 57 (7): 1924–1927. PMID 29316122. doi:10.1002/anie.201712021 （英语）.

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