脑源性神经营养因子

脑源性神经营养因子（brain-derived neurotrophic factor，BDNF，abrineurin）是人脑中的一种蛋白质，由脑源性神经营养因子基因生成。脑源性神经营养因子是神经营养因子中的一种，这种因子存在于人的神经系统中。

脑源性神经营养因子
PDB rendering based on 1bnd.
有效结构 PDB 直系同源检索：PDBe, RCSB PDB查询代码列表 1B8M, 1BND
标识
代号	BDNF; MGC34632
扩展标识	遗传学：113505 鼠基因：88145 同源基因：7245 GeneCards: BDNF Gene
基因本体论描述 分子功能 · protein binding · growth factor activity 细胞成分 · extracellular region · cytoplasmic membrane-bounded vesicle 生物过程 · ureteric bud development · anti-apoptosis · nervous system development · negative regulation of neuroblast proliferation · axon guidance · axon target recognition · learning or memory · feeding behavior · neuron recognition · glutamate secretion · dendrite development · regulation of metabolic process · nerve development · mechanoreceptor differentiation · response to drug · fear response · negative regulation of neuron apoptosis · positive regulation of neuron differentiation · regulation of retinal cell programmed cell death · regulation of synaptic plasticity · inner ear development Sources: Amigo / QuickGO
RNA表达模式
更多表达数据
直系同源体
物种	人类	小鼠
Entrez	627	12064
Ensembl	ENSG00000176697	ENSMUSG00000048482
UniProt	P23560	Q541P3
mRNA序列	NM_001143805.1	NM_001048139
蛋白序列	NP_001137277.1	NP_001041604
基因位置	Chr 11: 27.68 – 27.74 Mb	Chr 2: 109.51 – 109.57 Mb
PubMed查询	[1]	[2]

BDNF是大脑中含量最丰富的蛋白质，在脑部可以促进神经元 (神经细胞) 的生长，也促进大脑神经细胞突触的成形。简单来说，就是大脑非常需要的营养蛋白质。 研究显示，在大脑中掌管记忆的海马回中含有特别丰富的 BDNF ，对于突触的生长以及长期记忆也非常重要。已经有许多国际研究显示，缺乏 BDNF 将可能造成一些认知障碍，例如阿兹海默症，此为常见的退化性失智症之一。

另外，若长期处于压力大或忧郁的状态，也可能会抑制大脑 BDNF 的分泌，影响记忆及认知功能，甚至于导致自律神经失调或海马回萎缩等更严重的问题。

延伸阅读

• Fawzi MH, Kira IA, Fawzi MM, Mohamed HE, Fawzi MM. Trauma profile in Egyptian adolescents with first-episode schizophrenia: relation to psychopathology and plasma brain-derived neurotrophic factor. J. Nerv. Ment. Dis. January 2013, 201 (1): 23–9. PMID 23274291. doi:10.1097/NMD.0b013e31827ab268. 
• Vaynman S, Gomez-Pinilla F. Revenge of the "sit": how lifestyle impacts neuronal and cognitive health through molecular systems that interface energy metabolism with neuronal plasticity. J. Neurosci. Res. September 2006, 84 (4): 699–715. PMID 16862541. doi:10.1002/jnr.20979. 
• van Praag H, Christie BR, Sejnowski TJ, Gage FH. Running enhances neurogenesis, learning, and long-term potentiation in mice. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. November 1999, 96 (23): 13427–31. PMC 23964 . PMID 10557337. 
• Gómez-Pinilla F, Ying Z, Roy RR, Molteni R, Edgerton VR. Voluntary exercise induces a BDNF-mediated mechanism that promotes neuroplasticity. J. Neurophysiol. November 2002, 88 (5): 2187–95. PMID 12424260. doi:10.1152/jn.00152.2002. 

• Meerwijk, Esther L., Judith M. Ford, and Sandra J. Weiss. Brain regions associated with psychological pain: implications for a neural network and its relationship to physical pain. Brain imaging and behavior. 2013, 7 (1): 1–14. PMID 12424260. doi:10.1007/s11682-012-9179-y. 

外部链接

• Cotman CW, Berchtold NC. BDNF and Alzheimer's Disease—What's the Connection?. Alzforum: Live Discussions. Alzheimer Research Forum. 2004-01-28 [2008-08-21]. （原始内容存档于2008-10-11）. 
• Patten-Hitt E. Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF). Sciencexpress. The HDLighthouse, Huntingtons Disease: Information and Community. 2001-06-14 [2008-08-21]. （原始内容存档于2008-07-25）. 
• Highfield R. Brain scans 'could reveal mental strength'. Science. Telegraph.co.uk. 2007-10-18 [2008-08-21]. （原始内容存档于2008-05-31）. Low BDNF activity promotes resilience