腦源性神經營養因子

腦源性神經營養因子（brain-derived neurotrophic factor，BDNF，abrineurin）是人腦中的一種蛋白質，由腦源性神經營養因子基因生成。腦源性神經營養因子是神經營養因子中的一種，這種因子存在於人的神經系統中。

腦源性神經營養因子
PDB rendering based on 1bnd.
有效結構 PDB 直系同源檢索：PDBe, RCSB PDB查詢代碼列表 1B8M, 1BND
標識
代號	BDNF; MGC34632
擴展標識	遺傳學：113505 鼠基因：88145 同源基因：7245 GeneCards: BDNF Gene
基因本體論描述 分子功能 · protein binding · growth factor activity 細胞成分 · extracellular region · cytoplasmic membrane-bounded vesicle 生物過程 · ureteric bud development · anti-apoptosis · nervous system development · negative regulation of neuroblast proliferation · axon guidance · axon target recognition · learning or memory · feeding behavior · neuron recognition · glutamate secretion · dendrite development · regulation of metabolic process · nerve development · mechanoreceptor differentiation · response to drug · fear response · negative regulation of neuron apoptosis · positive regulation of neuron differentiation · regulation of retinal cell programmed cell death · regulation of synaptic plasticity · inner ear development Sources: Amigo / QuickGO
RNA表達模式
更多表達數據
直系同源體
物種	人類	小鼠
Entrez	627	12064
Ensembl	ENSG00000176697	ENSMUSG00000048482
UniProt	P23560	Q541P3
mRNA序列	NM_001143805.1	NM_001048139
蛋白序列	NP_001137277.1	NP_001041604
基因位置	Chr 11: 27.68 – 27.74 Mb	Chr 2: 109.51 – 109.57 Mb
PubMed查詢	[1]	[2]

BDNF是大腦中含量最豐富的蛋白質，在腦部可以促進神經元 (神經細胞) 的生長，也促進大腦神經細胞突觸的成形。簡單來說，就是大腦非常需要的營養蛋白質。 研究顯示，在大腦中掌管記憶的海馬迴中含有特別豐富的 BDNF ，對於突觸的生長以及長期記憶也非常重要。已經有許多國際研究顯示，缺乏 BDNF 將可能造成一些認知障礙，例如阿茲海默症，此為常見的退化性失智症之一。

另外，若長期處於壓力大或憂鬱的狀態，也可能會抑制大腦 BDNF 的分泌，影響記憶及認知功能，甚至於導致自律神經失調或海馬迴萎縮等更嚴重的問題。

延伸閱讀

• Fawzi MH, Kira IA, Fawzi MM, Mohamed HE, Fawzi MM. Trauma profile in Egyptian adolescents with first-episode schizophrenia: relation to psychopathology and plasma brain-derived neurotrophic factor. J. Nerv. Ment. Dis. January 2013, 201 (1): 23–9. PMID 23274291. doi:10.1097/NMD.0b013e31827ab268. 
• Vaynman S, Gomez-Pinilla F. Revenge of the "sit": how lifestyle impacts neuronal and cognitive health through molecular systems that interface energy metabolism with neuronal plasticity. J. Neurosci. Res. September 2006, 84 (4): 699–715. PMID 16862541. doi:10.1002/jnr.20979. 
• van Praag H, Christie BR, Sejnowski TJ, Gage FH. Running enhances neurogenesis, learning, and long-term potentiation in mice. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. November 1999, 96 (23): 13427–31. PMC 23964 . PMID 10557337. 
• Gómez-Pinilla F, Ying Z, Roy RR, Molteni R, Edgerton VR. Voluntary exercise induces a BDNF-mediated mechanism that promotes neuroplasticity. J. Neurophysiol. November 2002, 88 (5): 2187–95. PMID 12424260. doi:10.1152/jn.00152.2002. 

• Meerwijk, Esther L., Judith M. Ford, and Sandra J. Weiss. Brain regions associated with psychological pain: implications for a neural network and its relationship to physical pain. Brain imaging and behavior. 2013, 7 (1): 1–14. PMID 12424260. doi:10.1007/s11682-012-9179-y. 

外部連結

• Cotman CW, Berchtold NC. BDNF and Alzheimer's Disease—What's the Connection?. Alzforum: Live Discussions. Alzheimer Research Forum. 2004-01-28 [2008-08-21]. （原始內容存檔於2008-10-11）. 
• Patten-Hitt E. Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF). Sciencexpress. The HDLighthouse, Huntingtons Disease: Information and Community. 2001-06-14 [2008-08-21]. （原始內容存檔於2008-07-25）. 
• Highfield R. Brain scans 'could reveal mental strength'. Science. Telegraph.co.uk. 2007-10-18 [2008-08-21]. （原始內容存檔於2008-05-31）. Low BDNF activity promotes resilience