谢文奉

谢文奉（越南语：Tạ Văn Phụng／謝文奉，？—1865年），又名黎维奉（Lê Duy Phụng）、黎维明（Lê Duy Minh），越南阮朝嗣德年间民变首领。

出生在河内省寿昌县的一个天主教徒家庭。曾跟随传教士去外国学道。后来法国、西班牙联军发动南圻远征，法国传教士Théophile Le Grand de la Liraye将其推荐给法军主将夏尔·里戈·德·热诺伊利，但热诺伊利不喜欢他对皇位的觊觎。^[1]^[2]谢文奉于1861年跟随法国莱昂纳尔·沙内（英语：Léonard Charner）中将攻打广南。同年腊月，他来到北圻，自称是后黎朝皇族后裔黎维明，自称盟主，起兵于广安，获得大量支持者。他与海外的客匪联合攻取了海宁府，又与北圻各省的客匪，以及阮文盛、高伯适等民变军队互相呼应。1862年，谢文奉派兵协助阮文盛一起攻打谅江府、安勇县，围攻北宁省城。河内省布政使阮克述、山西省布政使黎裕、兴安省副领兵武早带领三省兵力前去解围，经过十馀仗方才将民变军击退。

谢文奉围攻海阳城甚急，嗣德帝派张国用为总统海安军务大臣，同潘三省、邓杏、黎春一起，带领京兵以及清化、乂安两省之兵前去镇压。又任命陶致为参赞大臣、阮伯仪为山兴宣总督，协助张国用剿匪。在官军的攻势下，谢文奉被迫解围。谢文奉向南圻的路易·阿道夫·波那（英语：Louis Adolphe Bonard）少将求援，希望法国协助他攻取北圻，并同意接受法国保护。但法国正与阮朝朝廷议和，没有答应其请求。

谢文奉虽败，但仍占据广安及附近海岛，不时骚扰沿海各地。嗣德帝遣阮知方为总督海安军务、张国用为协统，率军讨伐。谢文奉屡败官军，1864年击杀张国用。1865年4月，谢文奉部众再犯海阳，阮知方遣阮文伟大败之。此后提督枚善、赞理邓陈颛、督兵翁益谦屡破之，谢文奉退往海宁（今芒街市）。7月，邓陈颛、翁益谦领兵出广安，会同钦州的清朝士兵一起夹击海宁城。谢文奉大败，逃入海中。不久，在广平、广治一带被擒，押往顺化处死。

参考资料

^ Mark W. McLeod The Vietnamese Response to French Intervention, 1862-1874 1991 Page 50 "Thanks to the intercession of Father Legrand de la Lyraye, Pierre Le Duy Phung was engaged (under the name of Ta Van Phung) ... Pierre Le Duy Phung's dynastic preoccupations were not appreciated by the French commander, Rigault de ..."
^ Oscar Chapuis The Last Emperors of Vietnam: From Tu Duc to Bao Dai - Page 49 2000 "A Catholic convert, Pedro Le Duy Phung,4 calling himself emperor of Tonkin, was claiming the Le succession. He began to rally support from both missionaries and Le partisans. Obviously, it was more than Tu Duc could handle at one time."

（简体中文）陈仲金. Việt Nam sử lược [《越南通史》（原文书名：《越南史略》）]. 戴可来译. 北京: 商务印书馆. 1992. ISBN 7-100-00454-3.

[1] Mark W. McLeod The Vietnamese Response to French Intervention, 1862-1874 1991 Page 50 "Thanks to the intercession of Father Legrand de la Lyraye, Pierre Le Duy Phung was engaged (under the name of Ta Van Phung) ... Pierre Le Duy Phung's dynastic preoccupations were not appreciated by the French commander, Rigault de ..."

[2] Oscar Chapuis The Last Emperors of Vietnam: From Tu Duc to Bao Dai - Page 49 2000 "A Catholic convert, Pedro Le Duy Phung,4 calling himself emperor of Tonkin, was claiming the Le succession. He began to rally support from both missionaries and Le partisans. Obviously, it was more than Tu Duc could handle at one time."

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