体化认知

体化认知（又称为体现的认知、具身认知，英语：Embodied cognition）是一种认知理论：无论是人类还是其他生物，其多数认知特征是由生物体全身的各方面所塑造而成。

认知特征包括高级的心理产物（例如概念和范畴）以及在各种认知任务（如推理或判断）中的表现。而身体方面则包括运动系统、知觉系统 ，身体与环境的相互作用（情境性），以及根据生物体结构来设想这个世界。

它挑战了认知主义、计算主义和笛卡尔二元论等理论，并且与外延心灵论 、情境式认知和生成主义密切相关。它正随着心理学、语言学、认知科学、动力学系统、人工智慧、机器人学、动物认知、植物认知和神经生物学等领域同步更新。

参见

• 后认知主义

参考文献

• Brooks, Rodney A. (1999). Cambrian Intelligence: The Early History of the New AI. Cambridge MA: The MIT Press. ISBN 0-262-52263-2
• Clark, Andy (1997). Being There: Putting Brain, Body and World Together Again. Cambridge MA: The MIT Press. ISBN 0-262-53156-9
• Damasio, Antonio (1999). The Feeling of What Happens: Body and Emotion in the Making of Consciousness. New York: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. ISBN 0-15-601075-5
• 杰拉尔德·埃德尔曼 (2004). Wider than the Sky: The Phenomenal Gift of Consciousness. Yale University Press. ISBN 0-300-10229-1
• Gallagher, S. (2005). How the Body Shapes the Mind. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-920416-0.
• Hendriks-Jansen, Horst (1996) Catching Ourselves in the Act: Situated Activity, Interactive Emergence, Evolution, and Human Thought. Cambridge MA: The MIT Press. ISBN 0-262-08246-2
• Hyun, J. S.; Luck, S. J. Visual working memory as the substrate for mental rotation. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review. 2007, 14 (1): 154–158. PMID 17546746. doi:10.3758/bf03194043. 
• Lakoff, George and Johnson, Mark (1980) Metaphors We Live By. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0-226-46801-1
• Lakoff, George (1987) Women, Fire, and Dangerous Things: What Categories Reveal About the Mind University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0-226-46804-6.
• Lakoff, George and Turner, Mark (1989) More Than Cool Reason: A Field Guide to Poetic Metaphor. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0-226-46812-7
• Lakoff, George and Johnson, Mark (1999) Philosophy In The Flesh: the Embodied Mind and its Challenge to Western Thought. Basic Books. ISBN 0-465-05674-1
• Lakoff, George and Nuñez, Rafael. (2001). Where Mathematics Comes From: How the Embodied Mind Brings Mathematics into Being. New York: Basic Books. ISBN 0-465-03771-2
• Maturana, Humberto and Varela, Francisco (1987) The Tree of Knowledge: The Biological Roots of Human Understanding. Boston: Shambhala. ISBN 0-87773-373-2
• Pfeifer, R. (2001) Understanding Intelligence. Cambridge MA: The MIT Press. ISBN 0-262-16181-8
• Pfeifer, R. and Bongard, J. (2006) How the Body Shapes the Way We Think: A New View of Intelligence. Cambridge MA: The MIT Press. ISBN 978-0-262-16239-5
• Varela, Francisco J., Thompson, Evan T., and Rosch, Eleanor. (1991). The Embodied Mind: Cognitive Science and Human Experience. Cambridge, Massachusetts: The MIT Press. ISBN 0-262-72021-3
• Greeno, J.G; Moore, J.L. Situativity and symbols: Response to Vera and Simon. Cognitive Science. 1993, 17: 49–59. doi:10.1207/s15516709cog1701_3. 
• Wilson, M. (2001). The case for sensorimotor coding in working memory （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）. Psychonomic Bulletin and Review, *, 44–57.

外部链接

• The Situated Body （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, a special issue of Janus Head: Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies in Literature, Continental Philosophy, Phenomenological Psychology and the Arts. Guest edited by Shaun Gallagher.
• Embodiment and Experientialism from the Handbook of Cognitive Linguistics (pdf)
• Embodied Cognition: A Field Guide (pdf) – from an Artificial Intelligence perspective
• Where the Action Is （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） by Paul Dourish- for applications to human-computer interaction.
• Pragmatism, Ideology, and Embodiment: William James and the Philosophical Foundations of Embodiment by Tim Rohrer
• Society for the Scientific Study of Embodiment （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
• Embodied Cognition – Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
• 2001 Summary of how the embodiment hypothesis of cognitive linguistics has begun to interact with theories of embodiment in fields ranging from cognitive anthropology to cognitive neuroscience
• Goddard College's Embodiment Studies Web Resources
• Embodiment Resources – for those researching into embodiment, particularly as it relates to phenomenology, sociology and cognitive neuroscience. （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
• EUCog – European Network for the Advancement of Artificial Cognitive Systems, Interaction and Robotics （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） Many references here to up to date research on embodiment and enaction