中文名:乙腈 ( jīng )
化學式:CH3 CN(或寫作MeCN)
CAS號:75-05-8
英文名:Acetonitrile
外觀:無色液體
相性質
三相點 [ 3]
229.32 K (–43.83 °C), 167 Pa
臨界點
545 K (272 °C), 4.87 MPa
標準熔化焓變 , Δfus H o
8.167 kJ/mol (crystal I → liq)
標準熔化熵變, Δfus S o
35.61 J/(mol·K) (crystal I → liq)
標準汽化焓變, Δvap H o
33.225 kJ/mol at 25°C 29.75 at 81.6°C (BP)
標準汽化熵變, Δvap S o
111.44 J/(mol·K) at 25°C
固體性質
標準摩爾生成焓 , Δf H o solid
? kJ/mol at 25°C
標準摩爾熵 ,S o solid
? J/(mol K)
熱容量 , cp
92.36 J/(mol K)at 298.15 K
標準相變焓變, Δtrs H o
0.8979 kJ/mol at –56.2°C (crystal II → crystal I)
標準相變熵變, Δtrs S o
4.14 J/(mol·K) at –56.2° (crystal II → crystal I)
液體性質
標準摩爾生成焓 , Δf H o liquid
–40.56 kJ/mol
標準摩爾熵 ,S o liquid
149.62 J/(mol K)
燃燒熱 , Δc H o
–1256.33 kJ/mol
熱容量 , cp
91.7 J/(mol K) at 25°C
氣體性質
標準摩爾生成焓 , Δf H o gas
–74.04 kJ/mol
標準摩爾熵 ,S o gas
? J/(mol K)
燃燒熱 , cp
? J/(mol K)
壓力(mmHg)
1
10
40
100
400
760
溫度(°C)
–47.0(s)
–16.3
7.7
27.0
62.5
81.8
Table data obtained from CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics , 44th ed. The "(s)" notation indicates temperature of solid/vapor equilibrium. Otherwise the data is temperature of liquid/vapor equilibrium.
log10 of Acetonitrile vapor pressure. Uses formula
log
e
P
m
m
H
g
=
{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \log _{e}P_{mmHg}=}
log
e
(
760
101.325
)
−
3.881710
log
e
(
T
+
273.15
)
−
4999.618
T
+
273.15
+
41.05901
+
3.515956
×
10
−
06
(
T
+
273.15
)
2
{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \log _{e}({\frac {760}{101.325}})-3.881710\log _{e}(T+273.15)-{\frac {4999.618}{T+273.15}}+41.05901+3.515956\times 10^{-06}(T+273.15)^{2}}
obtained from CHERIC[ 2]
Vapor-liquid Equilibrium for Acetonitrile/Water [ 4] P = 760 mmHg
沸點(°C)
乙腈摩爾百分數
液相
氣相
86.5
2.9
26.3
81.1
9.3
50.5
80.0
14.2
55.9
78.6
25.4
61.7
77.4
40.2
65.5
76.7
50.7
66.4
76.6
52.7
67.3
76.0
71.8
72.8
76.6
83.9
78.0
76.8
85.6
76.1
80.4
98.6
94.5
Vapor-liquid Equilibrium for Acetonitrile/Methanol [ 4] P = 760 mmHg
沸點(°C)
甲醇摩爾百分數
液相
氣相
79.20
2.5
9.5
77.95
4.0
13.5
76.77
5.5
17.5
75.12
9.7
26.5
73.12
14.0
33.0
72.07
17.0
37.5
70.96
20.0
420
68.85
24.7
45.5
68.39
28.9
50.5
66.00
41.5
59.5
65.35
47.0
62.5
64.75
54.5
65.5
64.34
63.0
71.5
64.03
69.0
74.5
63.80
74.5
78.9
63.77
82.5
82.5
63.76
86.0
86.0
63.87
90.0
88.0
64.05
93.0
91.5
64.18
95.0
93.0
64.40
97.0
95.5
Vapor-liquid Equilibrium for Acetonitrile/Benzene [ 4] P = 760 mmHg
沸點(°C)
苯摩爾百分數
液相
氣相
80.6
2.0
4.8
80.4
2.7
6.2
79.0
5.6
12.5
78.5
6.5
14.7
78.0
7.7
16.5
76.0
17.6
29.3
74.9
24.2
35.5
74.4
29.9
39.3
73.8
37.1
43.8
73.7
38.0
44.9
73.4
44.0
48.5
73.2
51.3
51.9
73.0
52.94
52.94
73.2
58.1
54.5
73.4
66.5
60.0
73.8
71.3
62.6
74.0
76.7
65.7
74.4
79.0
68.0
76.3
92.0
80.1
Vapor-liquid Equilibrium for Acetonitrile/Toluene [ 4] P = 760 mmHg
沸點(°C)
甲苯摩爾百分數
液相
氣相
81.5
3.3
5.1
81.4
6.9
8.1
81.1
12.18
12.18
81.3
18.2
15.4
81.4
22.1
17.2
81.8
28.4
19.5
82.7
37.5
23.0
84.4
53.3
28.4
85.6
60.5
31.5
91.1
78.5
41.7
93.4
84.0
47.3
95.6
87.6
52.6
101.2
92.9
66.5
103.6
95.6
73.8
106.7
97.7
83.6
107.5
98.2
85.4
UV-Vis
λmax
? nm
消光係數 , ε
?
IR
主要吸收峰[ 5]
(liquid film)
Wave number
transmittance
3675 cm−1
79%
3544 cm−1
81%
3202 cm−1
77%
3164 cm−1
60%
3003 cm−1
52%
2944 cm−1
52%
2629 cm−1
81%
2410 cm−1
81%
2293 cm−1
44%
2254 cm−1
4%
1445 cm−1
30%
1378 cm−1
25%
1181 cm−1
84%
1040 cm−1
43%
918 cm−1
47%
750 cm−1
70%
NMR
1 H NMR
13 C NMR ]
其它核磁共振數據
MS
Masses of 主要碎片質量
反應物
反應方程式
反應條件
作為配體
氧化亞銅 、六氟磷酸
Cu2 O + 2 HPF6 + 8 CH3 CN → 2 [Cu(CH3 CN)4 ]PF6 + H2 O
鎳 、氟硼酸亞硝酰
Ni + 6 CH3 CN + 2 NOBF4 → [Ni(CH3 CN)6 ](BF4 )2 + 2 NO