使君子氨酸

使君子氨酸
	IUPAC名; (2S)-2-amino-3-(3,5-dioxo-1,2,4-oxadiazolidin-2-yl)propanoic acid
識別
CAS號	52809-07-1
PubChem	40539
ChemSpider	37038
SMILES	O=C1NC(=O)ON1C[C@H](N)C(=O)O;
InChI	1/C5H7N3O5/c6-2(3(9)10)1-8-4(11)7-5(12)13-8/h2H,1,6H2,(H,9,10)(H,7,11,12)/t2-/m0/s1;
InChIKey	ASNFTDCKZKHJSW-REOHCLBHBE
DrugBank	DB02999
KEGG	C08296
MeSH	Quisqualic+Acid
IUPHAR配體	1372
性質
化學式	C5H7N3O5
摩爾質量	189.126 g/mol g·mol⁻¹
熔點	187 - 188 °C（272 K）
	若非註明，所有數據均出自標準狀態（25 ℃，100 kPa）下。

使君子氨酸（英語：Quisqualic acid）是一種AMPA受體、紅藻氨酸受體和I型代謝型穀氨酸受體的激動劑，也是已知最強的AMPA受體激動劑^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]。由於它具有興奮毒性，被廣泛用於神經科學研究中，選擇性地破壞大腦中的神經元或脊髓^[5]^[6]^[7]。使君子氨酸存在於使君子科物種的種子中。一項由美國農業部進行的研究顯示，使君子氨酸也存在於天竺葵屬的花瓣中，並能使其天敵甲殼蟲神經系統癱瘓^[8]^[9]。其作用機理為，使君子氨酸可被視為L-穀氨酸的類似物，可以作為昆蟲神經肌肉結和哺乳動物中樞神經系統的神經遞質。^[10]

另見

參考文獻

^ Jin R, Horning M, Mayer ML, Gouaux E. Mechanism of activation and selectivity in a ligand-gated ion channel: structural and functional studies of GluR2 and quisqualate. Biochemistry. 2002 Dec 31;41(52):15635-43. PMID 12501192
^ Kuang D, Hampson DR. Ion dependence of ligand binding to metabotropic glutamate receptors. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 2006 Jun 23;345(1):1-6. PMID 16674916
^ Zhang W, Robert A, Vogensen SB, Howe JR. The relationship between agonist potency and AMPA receptor kinetics. Biophysical Journal. 2006 Aug 15;91(4):1336-46. PMID 16731549
^ Bentham Science Publishers. Current Pharmaceutical Design. Bentham Science Publishers. August 1996: 399– [2018-09-07]. （原始內容存檔於2019-03-13）.
^ Muir JL, Page KJ, Sirinathsinghji DJ, Robbins TW, Everitt BJ. Excitotoxic lesions of basal forebrain cholinergic neurons: effects on learning, memory and attention. Behavioural Brain Research. 1993 Nov 30;57(2):123-31. PMID 7509608
^ Giovannelli L, Casamenti F, Pepeu G. C-fos expression in the rat nucleus basalis upon excitotoxic lesion with quisqualic acid: a study in adult and aged animals. Journal of Neural Transmission. 1998;105(8-9):935-48. PMID 9869327
^ Lee JW, Furmanski O, Castellanos DA, Daniels LA, Hama AT, Sagen J. Prolonged nociceptive responses to hind paw formalin injection in rats with a spinal cord injury. Neuroscience Letters. 2008 Jul 11;439(2):212-5. PMID 18524486
^ Geraniums and Begonias: New Research on Old Garden Favorites （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館） (the March 2010 issue of Agricultural Research magazine.)
^ Ranger, C.M., Winter, R. E., Singh, A. P., Reding, M. E., Frantz, J. M., Locke, J. C., and Krause, C. R. 2011. Rare excitatory amino acid from flowers of zonal geranium responsible for paralyzing the Japanese beetle. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2010/12/29/1013497108.full.pdf+html
^ Usherwood, P. N. R. 1994. Insect glutamate receptors. Advances in Insect Biochemistry and Physiology. 24: 309-341.

[1] Jin R, Horning M, Mayer ML, Gouaux E. Mechanism of activation and selectivity in a ligand-gated ion channel: structural and functional studies of GluR2 and quisqualate. Biochemistry. 2002 Dec 31;41(52):15635-43. PMID 12501192

[2] Kuang D, Hampson DR. Ion dependence of ligand binding to metabotropic glutamate receptors. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 2006 Jun 23;345(1):1-6. PMID 16674916

[3] Zhang W, Robert A, Vogensen SB, Howe JR. The relationship between agonist potency and AMPA receptor kinetics. Biophysical Journal. 2006 Aug 15;91(4):1336-46. PMID 16731549

[Publishers1996-4] Bentham Science Publishers. Current Pharmaceutical Design. Bentham Science Publishers. August 1996: 399– [2018-09-07]. （原始內容存檔於2019-03-13）.

[5] Muir JL, Page KJ, Sirinathsinghji DJ, Robbins TW, Everitt BJ. Excitotoxic lesions of basal forebrain cholinergic neurons: effects on learning, memory and attention. Behavioural Brain Research. 1993 Nov 30;57(2):123-31. PMID 7509608

[6] Giovannelli L, Casamenti F, Pepeu G. C-fos expression in the rat nucleus basalis upon excitotoxic lesion with quisqualic acid: a study in adult and aged animals. Journal of Neural Transmission. 1998;105(8-9):935-48. PMID 9869327

[7] Lee JW, Furmanski O, Castellanos DA, Daniels LA, Hama AT, Sagen J. Prolonged nociceptive responses to hind paw formalin injection in rats with a spinal cord injury. Neuroscience Letters. 2008 Jul 11;439(2):212-5. PMID 18524486

[8] Geraniums and Begonias: New Research on Old Garden Favorites （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館） (the March 2010 issue of Agricultural Research magazine.)

[9] Ranger, C.M., Winter, R. E., Singh, A. P., Reding, M. E., Frantz, J. M., Locke, J. C., and Krause, C. R. 2011. Rare excitatory amino acid from flowers of zonal geranium responsible for paralyzing the Japanese beetle. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2010/12/29/1013497108.full.pdf+html

[10] Usherwood, P. N. R. 1994. Insect glutamate receptors. Advances in Insect Biochemistry and Physiology. 24: 309-341.

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