嗅覺減退
嗅覺減退[1]是指嗅覺遲鈍，鼻子分辨氣味的能力下降。如果鼻子完全無法分辨出氣味，則是嗅覺喪失。2012年，美國境內估計有980萬40歲及以上的人患有嗅覺減退症，另有340萬人嗅覺喪失或者嗅覺接近完全喪失。 [2]
嗅覺減退可能是帕金森氏症、阿茲海默症以及路易氏體失智症的早期徵兆。 [3] 終身嗅覺減退可能由卡門氏症候群[4]或自閉症譜系引起。 [5]
參考文獻
編輯- ^ Hawkes, Christopher H. Smell and taste complaints. Boston: Butterworth-Heinemann. 2002: 49–50. ISBN 0-7506-7287-0.
- ^ Hoffman, Howard J.; Rawal, Shristi; Li, Chuan-Ming; Duffy, Valerie B. New chemosensory component in the U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES): first-year results for measured olfactory dysfunction. Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders. 10 June 2016, 17 (2): 221–240. PMC 5033684
. PMID 27287364. doi:10.1007/s11154-016-9364-1.
- ^ Factor, Stewart A., & Weiner, William J., eds. (2008). Parkinson's Disease: Diagnosis and Clinical Management, 2nd ed., pp. 72-73. New York: Demos Medical Publishing.
- ^ Arkoncel, ML; Arkoncel, FR; Lantion-Ang, FL. A case of Kallmann syndrome. BMJ Case Reports. March 2011, 2011: bcr0120113727. PMC 3070321 . PMID 22700069. doi:10.1136/bcr.01.2011.3727.
Kallmann syndrome (KS), a rare genetic disorder, refers to the association between hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and anosmia or hyposmia due to abnormal migration of olfactory axons and gonadotropin-releasing hormone producing neurons.
- ^ Tonacci, Alessandro; Billeci, Lucia; Tartarisco, Gennaro; Ruta, Liliana; Muratori, Filippo; Pioggia, Giovanni; Gangemi, Sebastiano. Olfaction in autism spectrum disorders: A systematic review. Child Neuropsychology. 2 January 2017, 23 (1): 1–25 [2023-11-23]. ISSN 0929-7049. PMID 26340690. S2CID 143375600. doi:10.1080/09297049.2015.1081678. （原始內容存檔於2022-01-18）.
