嗅覺減退[1]是指嗅覺遲鈍,鼻子分辨氣味的能力下降。如果鼻子完全無法分辨出氣味,則是嗅覺喪失。2012年,美國境內估計有980萬40歲及以上的人患有嗅覺減退症,另有340萬人嗅覺喪失或者嗅覺接近完全喪失。 [2]

嗅覺減退可能是帕金森氏症阿茲海默症以及路易氏體失智症的早期徵兆。 [3] 終身嗅覺減退可能由卡門氏症候群[4]自閉症譜系引起。 [5]

參考文獻

編輯
  1. ^ Hawkes, Christopher H. Smell and taste complaints. Boston: Butterworth-Heinemann. 2002: 49–50. ISBN 0-7506-7287-0. 
  2. ^ Hoffman, Howard J.; Rawal, Shristi; Li, Chuan-Ming; Duffy, Valerie B. New chemosensory component in the U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES): first-year results for measured olfactory dysfunction. Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders. 10 June 2016, 17 (2): 221–240. PMC 5033684 . PMID 27287364. doi:10.1007/s11154-016-9364-1. 
  3. ^ Factor, Stewart A., & Weiner, William J., eds. (2008). Parkinson's Disease: Diagnosis and Clinical Management, 2nd ed., pp. 72-73. New York: Demos Medical Publishing.
  4. ^ Arkoncel, ML; Arkoncel, FR; Lantion-Ang, FL. A case of Kallmann syndrome. BMJ Case Reports. March 2011, 2011: bcr0120113727. PMC 3070321 . PMID 22700069. doi:10.1136/bcr.01.2011.3727. Kallmann syndrome (KS), a rare genetic disorder, refers to the association between hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and anosmia or hyposmia due to abnormal migration of olfactory axons and gonadotropin-releasing hormone producing neurons.   
  5. ^ Tonacci, Alessandro; Billeci, Lucia; Tartarisco, Gennaro; Ruta, Liliana; Muratori, Filippo; Pioggia, Giovanni; Gangemi, Sebastiano. Olfaction in autism spectrum disorders: A systematic review. Child Neuropsychology. 2 January 2017, 23 (1): 1–25 [2023-11-23]. ISSN 0929-7049. PMID 26340690. S2CID 143375600. doi:10.1080/09297049.2015.1081678. (原始內容存檔於2022-01-18).