蓋螺科
此條目目前正依照其他維基百科上的內容進行翻譯。 (2018年6月12日) |
蓋螺科(學名:Pomatiopsidae)[3],又名圓口螺科[4]、蓋口螺科[5]或截尾釘螺科[6],是一個科級分類單元,其物種皆為小型、主要為淡水螺(也有棲息於其他環境的物種)的有鰓和螺厴的淡水生腹足綱軟體動物。根據2005年《布歇特和洛克羅伊的腹足類分類)》,本科屬於截螺總科之下[7]。
蓋螺科![]() | |
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湖北釘螺的一隻活體 | |
科學分類 ![]() | |
界: | 動物界 Animalia |
門: | 軟體動物門 Mollusca |
綱: | 腹足綱 Gastropoda |
目: | 玉黍螺目 Littorinimorpha |
總科: | 麂眼螺總科 Rissooidea |
科: | 蓋螺科 Pomatiopsidae Stimpson, 1865[1] |
多樣性[2] | |
約170個淡水物種 |
型態描述
編輯美國的貝類學家威廉·斯廷普森首次在1865年為這個分類單元定義為「蓋螺亞科」(Pomatiopsinae)[1]。 當時斯廷普森的分析如下[1]:
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Pomatiopsinae, with the shell and operculum as in the Rissoinae. Foot with lateral sinuses. Size small. Amphibious. Genus Pomatiopsis, Tryon. |
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蓋螺亞科,螺殼及螺厴與麂眼螺亞科物種相同。腹足有橫向側竇。體小。水陸兩棲。 下領一屬 蓋螺屬(Pomatiopsis Tryon)。 |
” |
分類
編輯亞科
編輯根據2005年《布歇特和洛克羅伊的腹足類分類》,本科包括兩個亞科[7],與Davis (1979)[9]提的分類相同,即如下:
- 蓋螺亞科 Pomatiopsinae Stimpson, 1865:又名圓口螺亞科[4],異名有Hemibiinae Heude, 1890; Tomichiinae Wenz, 1938[10]; Coxiellidae Iredale, 1943;[11] 釘螺科 Oncomelaniidae Salisbury & Edwards, 1961; Cecininae Starobogatov, 1983
- 擬釘螺亞科 Triculinae Annandale N., 1924[12]
- 擬釘螺族 Triculuni Annandale, 1924 - synonym: Delavayidae Annandale, 1924[13]
- 諸氏螺族 Jullieniini Davis, 1979[9]
- tribe Lacunopsini Davis, 1979[9]
- tribe Pachydrobiini Davis & Kang, 1990:1990年從舊定義(sensu Davis 1979[9])的擬釘螺族分出來[14]
Family-group name Rehderiellinae Brandt, 1974[15] is also in Pomatiopsidae, but it is not allocated in detail.[7]。這組分類單元在2017年《布歇特等人的腹足類分類》被劃歸截螺總科的金環螺科(Iravadiidae Thiele, 1928)[16][17]。
屬
編輯本科之下所包括的屬如下:
- 蓋螺亞科(Pomatiopsinae)
- Blanfordia Adams, 1863[8]
- Cecina A. Adams, 1861[7][18]
- Coxiella E. A. Smith, 1894[7]
- Fukuia Abbott & Hunter, 1949[8]
- Hemibia Heude, 1890[7] (species type: Oncomelania hupensis Gredler, 1881
- Idiopyrgus Pilsbry, 1911[8][19] = Aquidauania Davis, 1979[9]
- 釘螺屬 Oncomelania Gredler, 1881[7]
- 蓋螺屬 Pomatiopsis Tryon, 1862:本科的模式屬[7]。
- Tomichia Benson, 1851[7][20]
- 擬釘螺亞科 Triculinae:下領超過20個屬,可分為下列多個族[8]:
- 擬釘螺族 Triculuni
- 諸氏螺族 Jullieniini
- Hubendickia Brandt, 1968[9]
- Hydrorissoia Bavay, 1895[9]
- 諸氏螺屬 Jullienia Crosse & P. Fischer, 1876:本族的模式屬[7]
- Karelainia Davis, 1979[9]
- 昆明螺屬 Kunmingia Davis & Kuo in Davis, 1981[22][23]
- Neoprososthenia Davis & Kuo in Davis, Kuo, Hoagland, Chen, Yang & Chen, 1984[22][23]
- Pachydrobiella Thiele, 1928[9] - with the only species Pachydrobiella brevis (Bavay, 1895)[9]
- † Paraprososthenia Annandale, 1919[9]
- Saduniella Brandt, 1970[9] - with the only species Saduniella planispira Brandt, 1970[9]
- tribe Lacunopsini
- Lacunopsis Deshayes, 1876 - 為Lacunopsini族的模式屬[7]
- tribe Pachydrobiini
- Gammatricula Davis & Liu in Davis, Liu & Chen, 1990[25]
- Halewisia Davis, 1979[14] - with the only species Halewisia expansa (Brandt, 1970)[9]
- 景洪螺屬 Jinghongia Davis in Davis & Kang, 1990[14]
- 新擬釘螺屬 Neotricula Davis in Davis, Subba Rao & Hoagland, 1986[14]
- Pachydrobia Crosse & P. Fischer, 1876[14] - Pachydrobiini族的模式屬[7]
- 小羅伯特螺屬 Robertsiella Davis & Greer, 1980[14]
- 伍氏螺屬 Wuconchona Kang, 1983[26]:501[14]
- 亞科地位未定
- Spiripockia Simone, 2012 (亞科未定)[27]
分佈
編輯本科物種有世界性的分佈[8]。 然而,在生物多樣性方面,本科物種在日本列島的多樣性特別高,八個物種裡有四個物種有分佈,當中更有兩個物種是當地原生種[8]。 擬釘螺亞科物種在東南亞以淡水螺的形式輻射分佈[8]。
註:Tomichia的分布也包括中非,[28]
Cecina有八個物種[29]。
生態
編輯蓋螺科物種的棲息地呈多樣性:有淡水生的、兩棲的、沿海的、嗜鹽的、穴居的、甚至陸生的[8][27]也有。不過陸生類群僅在位於東亞日本列島的Blanfordia屬物種[8]。Tomichia屬和Coxiella屬包括多個在鹹水湖棲息的嗜鹽物種[8]。
蓋螺科以一到兩條不同的演化路徑從海路進侵淡水棲息地[2];另外還有以兩條不同的演化路徑進侵陸地棲息[8]。下表綜合本科各屬的棲息環境:
屬學名 | 中文名 | 物種數 | 棲息地 |
---|---|---|---|
Blanfordia | 3[8] | 陸地[8] | |
Cecina (gastropod) | 8[29] | 沿岸海邊[29] | |
Coxiella | 10[9](其中有一種已滅絕)[9] | 鹹水湖[30] | |
Fukuia | 3[8] | 陸地和淡水,也有兩棲,often arboreal[8] | |
"Fukuia" ooyagii: 屬地位未定[8] |
1 | 淡水[8] | |
Hemibia | ?? | ?? | ?? |
Idiopyrgus | 1-3 species[8][19] | 淡水[19] | |
Oncomelania | 釘螺屬 | 2[8] | freshwater, marshy ground, seasonally amphibious[8] |
Pomatiopsis | 4[9] | marshy ground, amphibious[8] | |
Tomichia | 11[8] | freshwater, brackish,[20] saline lakes[8] | |
Delavaya | ? | ? | ? |
Fenouilia | ? | ? | 淡水 |
Lithoglyphopsis | ? | ? | ? |
Tricula | 擬釘螺屬 | 15-20+ | 淡水 |
Hubendickia | 16[9] | ? | |
Hydrorissoia | 7[9] | ? | |
Jullienia | 諸氏螺屬 | 10[9] | ? |
Karelainia | 4[9] | ? | |
Kunmingia | 昆明螺屬 | ? | ? |
Neoprososthenia | ? | ? | ? |
Pachydrobiella | 1[9] | ? | |
† Paraprososthenia | 有指4個[9]或1 個cf.[31] | 化石,淡水湖的湖床 | |
Saduniella | 1[9] | ? | |
Lacunopsis | 12[9] | ? | |
Gammatricula | γ-擬釘螺屬 | 4 | ? |
Halewisia | 1[9] | ? | |
Jinghongia | 景洪螺屬 | ? | ? |
Neotricula | 新擬釘螺屬 | 2 (at least)[8] | 淡水 |
Pachydrobia | 10[9] | ? | |
Robertsiella | 小羅伯特螺屬 | 3[32] | freshwater, streams[32] |
Wuconchona | 伍氏螺屬 | 至少一個 | ? |
Rehderiella | ? | ? | ? |
Spiripockia | 1[27] | 穴棲[27] |
參考文獻
編輯本文參考了以下參考文獻中的公共領域文本[1]和參考文獻中的CC-BY-2.0內容[8]
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外部連結
編輯- Davis G. M., Chen C.-E., Wu C., Kuang T.-F., Xing X.-G., Li L., Liu W.-J. & Yan Y.-L. (1992). "The Pomatiopsidae of Hunan, China (Gastropoda, Rissoacea)". Malacologia 34(1-2): 143-342.
- Guan, F.; Niu, A. O.; Attwood, S. W.; Li, Y. L.; Zhang, B.; Zhu, Y. H. Molecular phylogenetics of Triculine snails (Gastropoda: Pomatiopsidae) from southern China. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 2008, 48 (2): 702–707. PMID 18502667. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2008.04.021.
- Liu, L.; Huo, G.-N.; He, H.-B.; Zhou, B.; Attwood, S. W. A phylogeny for the Pomatiopsidae (Gastropoda: Rissooidea): a resource for taxonomic, parasitological and biodiversity studies. BMC進化生物學. 2014, 14: 29. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-14-29.