粉防己鹼

粉防己鹼
	IUPAC名; 9,20,21,25-tetramethoxy-15,30-dimethyl-7,23-dioxa-15,30-diazaheptacyclo[22.6.2.2³,⁶.1⁸,¹².1¹⁴,¹⁸.0²⁷,³¹.0²²,³³]hexatriaconta-3,5,8(34),9,11,18,20,22(33),24(32),25,27(31),35-dodecaene
識別
CAS號	518-34-3
PubChem	73078
SMILES	CN1CCC2=CC(=C3C=C2C1CC4=CC=C(C=C4)OC5=C(C=CC(=C5)CC6C7=C(O3)C(=C(C=C7CCN6C)OC)OC)OC)OC;
性質
化學式	C38H42N2O6
摩爾質量	622.74988 g·mol⁻¹
	若非註明，所有數據均出自標準狀態（25 ℃，100 kPa）下。

粉防己鹼^[1]（tetrandrine，fanchinine，hanfangchin A）是一種雙苄基異喹啉類生物鹼，可從防己科植物粉防己根中和其他中草藥提取出來^[2]。具有抗炎、抗過敏、抗氧化、抗纖維化及免疫調節作用^[3]；其可抑制肥大細胞的脫粒，也有「類奎尼丁」的抗心律失常作用。另具有血管擴張特性，因此可以降低血壓^[4]。

粉防己鹼可能具有治療肝病^[5]和肝癌的潛在用途^[6]^[7]^[8]。具有預防小梁切除術後結膜炎或嚴重結膜炎症患者過度瘢痕/纖維化的潛在治療價值^[9]。粉防己鹼具有抗炎和抗纖維化作用，使得粉防己鹼和相關化合物可用於治療肺矽肺病，肝硬化和類風濕性關節炎。^[4]還表明粉防己鹼在體外抑制埃博拉病毒進入宿主細胞，並且在對小鼠的初步研究中顯示出對抗埃博拉病毒的治療功效。^[10]

生物合成

粉防己鹼是由S-N-甲基烏藥鹼的自由基偶聯二聚化生物合成的：^[11]

同義詞

其同義詞包括防己鹼、漢防己鹼A、NSC 77037、(S ,S )-(+)-粉防己鹼、青藤鹼A、TTD、四聯蛋白和d-粉防己鹼。^[12]

參考文獻

^ 楊敬,朱安祥,胡軍,等. 粉防己鹼的作用機制研究進展[J]. 國際中醫中藥雜誌,2018,40:(3)：286-289. DOI:10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4246.2018.03.025
^ Zhang, Lijin; Geng, Yanling; Duan, Wenjuan. Ionic liquid-based ultrasound-assisted extraction of fangchinoline and tetrandrine from Stephaniae tetrandrae. Journal of Separation Science. 2009-10, 32 (20): 3550–3554 [2021-11-10]. ISSN 1615-9314. PMID 19764054. doi:10.1002/jssc.200900413. （原始內容存檔於2022-06-17）.
^ 謝林艷,陸嬌,柏芳芳,等. 粉防己鹼:一種治療支氣管哮喘的雙苄基異喹啉類生物鹼[J]. 國際呼吸雜誌,2015,35:(03)：210-214. DOI:10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-436X.2015.03.013
^ ^4.0 ^4.1 Kwan, Chiu-Yin; Achike, F. I. Tetrandrine and related bis-benzylisoquinoline alkaloids from medicinal herbs: cardiovascular effects and mechanisms of action. Acta Pharmacologica Sinica. 2002-12, 23 (12): 1057–1068 [2021-11-10]. ISSN 1671-4083. PMID 12466042. （原始內容存檔於2022-07-04）.
^ Feng, Dechun; Mei, Yunhua; Wang, Ying; Zhang, Bianhong; Wang, Chen; Xu, Lingyun. Tetrandrine protects mice from concanavalin A-induced hepatitis through inhibiting NF-kappaB activation. Immunology Letters. 2008-12-22, 121 (2): 127–133 [2021-11-10]. ISSN 1879-0542. PMID 18992279. doi:10.1016/j.imlet.2008.10.001. （原始內容存檔於2021-11-10）.
^ Liu, Chaoyang; Gong, Ke; Mao, Xin; Li, Wenhua. Tetrandrine induces apoptosis by activating reactive oxygen species and repressing Akt activity in human hepatocellular carcinoma. International Journal of Cancer. 2011-09-15, 129 (6): 1519–1531 [2021-11-10]. ISSN 1097-0215. PMID 21128229. doi:10.1002/ijc.25817. （原始內容存檔於2021-11-10）.
^ Cheng, Zhixiang; Wang, Keming; Wei, Jia; Lu, Xiang; Liu, Baorui. Proteomic analysis of anti-tumor effects by tetrandrine treatment in HepG2 cells. Phytomedicine: International Journal of Phytotherapy and Phytopharmacology. 2010-11, 17 (13): 1000–1005 [2021-11-10]. ISSN 1618-095X. PMID 20554191. doi:10.1016/j.phymed.2010.03.018. （原始內容存檔於2021-11-10）.
^ Deng, Wen-Ying; Luo, Su-Xia; Zhou, Meng-Qiang; Li, Ning; Chen, Xiao-Bing; Han, Li-Li. [The study of anti-tumor effect of Tetrandrine combined with Nedaplatin on human liver cancer cell line 7402]. Zhong Yao Cai = Zhongyaocai = Journal of Chinese Medicinal Materials. 2008-10, 31 (10): 1522–1525 [2021-11-10]. ISSN 1001-4454. PMID 19230406. （原始內容存檔於2021-11-10）.
^ Kitano, Ai; Yamanaka, Osamu; Ikeda, Kazuo; Ishida-Nishikawa, Iku; Okada, Yuka; Shirai, Kumi; Saika, Shizuya. Tetrandrine suppresses activation of human subconjunctival fibroblasts in vitro. Current Eye Research. 2008-07, 33 (7): 559–565 [2021-11-10]. ISSN 1460-2202. PMID 18600488. doi:10.1080/02713680802220817. （原始內容存檔於2022-06-15）.
^ Sakurai, Yasuteru; Kolokoltsov, Andrey A.; Chen, Cheng-Chang; Tidwell, Michael W.; Bauta, William E.; Klugbauer, Norbert; Grimm, Christian; Wahl-Schott, Christian; Biel, Martin. Two pore channels control Ebolavirus host cell entry and are drug targets for disease treatment. Science (New York, N.Y.). 2015-02-27, 347 (6225): 995–998 [2021-11-10]. ISSN 0036-8075. PMC 4550587  . PMID 25722412. doi:10.1126/science.1258758. （原始內容存檔於2022-06-21）.
^ Bhakuni, Dewan S.; Jain, Sudha; Singh, Awadhesh N. Biosynthesis of the bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid, tetrandrine. Phytochemistry. 1980-01-01, 19 (11): 2347–2350. ISSN 0031-9422. doi:10.1016/S0031-9422(00)91024-0 （英語）.
^ Tetrandrine | ≥99%(HPLC) | TargetMol | Calcium Channel inhibitor. targetmol.com. [2021-11-10]. （原始內容存檔於2021-11-10）.

[1] 楊敬,朱安祥,胡軍,等. 粉防己鹼的作用機制研究進展[J]. 國際中醫中藥雜誌,2018,40:(3)：286-289. DOI:10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4246.2018.03.025

[2] Zhang, Lijin; Geng, Yanling; Duan, Wenjuan. Ionic liquid-based ultrasound-assisted extraction of fangchinoline and tetrandrine from Stephaniae tetrandrae. Journal of Separation Science. 2009-10, 32 (20): 3550–3554 [2021-11-10]. ISSN 1615-9314. PMID 19764054. doi:10.1002/jssc.200900413. （原始內容存檔於2022-06-17）.

[3] 謝林艷,陸嬌,柏芳芳,等. 粉防己鹼:一種治療支氣管哮喘的雙苄基異喹啉類生物鹼[J]. 國際呼吸雜誌,2015,35:(03)：210-214. DOI:10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-436X.2015.03.013

[未命名-rHh0-1-4] 4.0 ^4.1 Kwan, Chiu-Yin; Achike, F. I. Tetrandrine and related bis-benzylisoquinoline alkaloids from medicinal herbs: cardiovascular effects and mechanisms of action. Acta Pharmacologica Sinica. 2002-12, 23 (12): 1057–1068 [2021-11-10]. ISSN 1671-4083. PMID 12466042. （原始內容存檔於2022-07-04）.

[5] Feng, Dechun; Mei, Yunhua; Wang, Ying; Zhang, Bianhong; Wang, Chen; Xu, Lingyun. Tetrandrine protects mice from concanavalin A-induced hepatitis through inhibiting NF-kappaB activation. Immunology Letters. 2008-12-22, 121 (2): 127–133 [2021-11-10]. ISSN 1879-0542. PMID 18992279. doi:10.1016/j.imlet.2008.10.001. （原始內容存檔於2021-11-10）.

[6] Liu, Chaoyang; Gong, Ke; Mao, Xin; Li, Wenhua. Tetrandrine induces apoptosis by activating reactive oxygen species and repressing Akt activity in human hepatocellular carcinoma. International Journal of Cancer. 2011-09-15, 129 (6): 1519–1531 [2021-11-10]. ISSN 1097-0215. PMID 21128229. doi:10.1002/ijc.25817. （原始內容存檔於2021-11-10）.

[7] Cheng, Zhixiang; Wang, Keming; Wei, Jia; Lu, Xiang; Liu, Baorui. Proteomic analysis of anti-tumor effects by tetrandrine treatment in HepG2 cells. Phytomedicine: International Journal of Phytotherapy and Phytopharmacology. 2010-11, 17 (13): 1000–1005 [2021-11-10]. ISSN 1618-095X. PMID 20554191. doi:10.1016/j.phymed.2010.03.018. （原始內容存檔於2021-11-10）.

[8] Deng, Wen-Ying; Luo, Su-Xia; Zhou, Meng-Qiang; Li, Ning; Chen, Xiao-Bing; Han, Li-Li. [The study of anti-tumor effect of Tetrandrine combined with Nedaplatin on human liver cancer cell line 7402]. Zhong Yao Cai = Zhongyaocai = Journal of Chinese Medicinal Materials. 2008-10, 31 (10): 1522–1525 [2021-11-10]. ISSN 1001-4454. PMID 19230406. （原始內容存檔於2021-11-10）.

[9] Kitano, Ai; Yamanaka, Osamu; Ikeda, Kazuo; Ishida-Nishikawa, Iku; Okada, Yuka; Shirai, Kumi; Saika, Shizuya. Tetrandrine suppresses activation of human subconjunctival fibroblasts in vitro. Current Eye Research. 2008-07, 33 (7): 559–565 [2021-11-10]. ISSN 1460-2202. PMID 18600488. doi:10.1080/02713680802220817. （原始內容存檔於2022-06-15）.

[10] Sakurai, Yasuteru; Kolokoltsov, Andrey A.; Chen, Cheng-Chang; Tidwell, Michael W.; Bauta, William E.; Klugbauer, Norbert; Grimm, Christian; Wahl-Schott, Christian; Biel, Martin. Two pore channels control Ebolavirus host cell entry and are drug targets for disease treatment. Science (New York, N.Y.). 2015-02-27, 347 (6225): 995–998 [2021-11-10]. ISSN 0036-8075. PMC 4550587  . PMID 25722412. doi:10.1126/science.1258758. （原始內容存檔於2022-06-21）.

[11] Bhakuni, Dewan S.; Jain, Sudha; Singh, Awadhesh N. Biosynthesis of the bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid, tetrandrine. Phytochemistry. 1980-01-01, 19 (11): 2347–2350. ISSN 0031-9422. doi:10.1016/S0031-9422(00)91024-0 （英語）.

[12] Tetrandrine | ≥99%(HPLC) | TargetMol | Calcium Channel inhibitor. targetmol.com. [2021-11-10]. （原始內容存檔於2021-11-10）.

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粉防己鹼

IUPAC名 9,20,21,25-tetramethoxy-15,30-dimethyl-7,23-dioxa-15,30-diazaheptacyclo[22.6.2.2³,⁶.1⁸,¹².1¹⁴,¹⁸.0²⁷,³¹.0²²,³³]hexatriaconta-3,5,8(34),9,11,18,20,22(33),24(32),25,27(31),35-dodecaene
識別
CAS號	518-34-3 ^Y
PubChem	73078
SMILES	CN1CCC2=CC(=C3C=C2C1CC4=CC=C(C=C4)OC5=C(C=CC(=C5)CC6C7=C(O3)C(=C(C=C7CCN6C)OC)OC)OC)OC
性質
化學式	C₃₈H₄₂N₂O₆
摩爾質量	622.74988 g·mol⁻¹
若非註明，所有數據均出自標準狀態（25 ℃，100 kPa）下。