蒼白

蒼白（Pallor^[1]^[2] ），又稱面色蒼白^[3]、臉色蒼白^[4]，指不常見的、皮膚顏色較平常更淺的狀況^[5]，在皮膚較薄但微血管密集處較為明顯，像是眼瞼、耳垂、指甲等部位。^[2]

蒼白可能由情緒、血流量減少或貧血^[2]^[6]等因素引起^[5]，血紅蛋白減少，人的臉部就會出現這種顏色。不過除非全身都呈現蒼白色（唇色、舌、手掌、口腔和其他粘膜區出現蒼白），否則只是臉色蒼白的話通常不具有臨床意義。

此外當眼瞼和皮膚較蒼白時，也應留意有無黃疸。外傷或肝病皆可能造成大量溶血反應，使得皮膚蒼白。^[2]

因素

參考文獻

^ 蒼白，蒼黃. 樂詞網. 2021 [2024-11-23] （中文（臺灣））.
^ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 黃馨弘. 蒼白. DeepQ醫學百科. 2020-08-31 [2024-11-23] （中文（臺灣））.
^ 陳弘森、黃純德、廖秀釧、游淑儀. 兒童的血管迷走神經性暈厥發生率之研究. 臺灣齒科醫學會雜誌. 1987 [2024-11-24] （中文（臺灣））.
^ 江睿玲等. 環前列烯醇. 罕見疾病藥物處方集（2009 年版）. 行政院務生署藥政處: 42. 2008-12-08 [2024-11-24] （中文（臺灣））.
^ ^5.0 ^5.1 Verneda Lights. What Causes Paleness and How To Treat It. healthline. 2023-04-25 [2024-12-06] （英語）.
^ 上海中醫藥大學醫學史教研室主任、教授、中醫內科主任醫師陳麗雲. 面色苍白又发慌，留心白色高血压.
^ Gupta, V. K. Conceptual divide between adaptive and pathogenetic phenomena in migraine: nausea and vomiting. Brain. 2004-08-19, 127 (11): E18 [2022-10-14]. PMID 15492109. doi:10.1093/brain/awh279. （原始內容存檔於2022-10-15）.
^ Drummond, Peter D. Correlates of facial flushing and pallor in anger-provoking situations. Personality and Individual Differences. October 1997, 23 (4): 575–582. doi:10.1016/S0191-8869(97)00077-9.
^ Kalantri, Ashwini; Karambelkar, Mandar; Joshi, Rajnish; Kalantri, Shriprakash; Jajoo, Ulhas. Accuracy and Reliability of Pallor for Detecting Anaemia: A Hospital-Based Diagnostic Accuracy Study. PLOS ONE. 2010-01-01, 5 (1): e8545. Bibcode:2010PLoSO...5.8545K. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 2797134  . PMID 20049324. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0008545  （英語）.
^ Mishra, Vikas A.; Harbada, Rishit; Sharma, Akhilesh. Vitamin B12 and Vitamin D Deficiencies: An Unusual Cause of Fever, Severe Hemolytic Anemia and Thrombocytopenia. Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care. 2015, 4 (1): 145–148. ISSN 2249-4863. PMC 4366991  . PMID 25811010. doi:10.4103/2249-4863.152276.
^ Fragkandrea, Ioanna; Nixon, John Alexander; Panagopoulou, Paraskevi. Signs and Symptoms of Childhood Cancer: A Guide for Early Recognition. American Family Physician. 2013-08-01, 88 (3): 185–192 [2022-10-14]. PMID 23939697. （原始內容存檔於2023-06-01）.
^ Poterucha, Joseph T.; Bos, J. Martijn; Cannon, Bryan C.; Ackerman, Michael J. Frequency and severity of hypoglycemia in children with beta-blocker–treated long QT syndrome. Heart Rhythm. 2015-08-01, 12 (8): 1815–1819 [2022-10-14]. ISSN 1547-5271. PMID 25929701. doi:10.1016/j.hrthm.2015.04.034. （原始內容存檔於2023-10-22）（英語）.
^ Holmes, Sharon; King, Stuart; Scott, J. R. Rollin; Clemes, Stacy. Facial Skin Pallor Increases During Motion Sickness. Journal of Psychophysiology. 2002, 16 (3): 150–157 [2022-10-14]. doi:10.1027//0269-8803.16.3.150. （原始內容存檔於2022-10-14）（英語）.

[1] 蒼白，蒼黃. 樂詞網. 2021 [2024-11-23] （中文（臺灣））.

[黃馨弘-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 黃馨弘. 蒼白. DeepQ醫學百科. 2020-08-31 [2024-11-23] （中文（臺灣））.

[3] 陳弘森、黃純德、廖秀釧、游淑儀. 兒童的血管迷走神經性暈厥發生率之研究. 臺灣齒科醫學會雜誌. 1987 [2024-11-24] （中文（臺灣））.

[4] 江睿玲等. 環前列烯醇. 罕見疾病藥物處方集（2009 年版）. 行政院務生署藥政處: 42. 2008-12-08 [2024-11-24] （中文（臺灣））.

[healthline-5] 5.0 ^5.1 Verneda Lights. What Causes Paleness and How To Treat It. healthline. 2023-04-25 [2024-12-06] （英語）.

[6] 上海中醫藥大學醫學史教研室主任、教授、中醫內科主任醫師陳麗雲. 面色苍白又发慌，留心白色高血压.

[7] Gupta, V. K. Conceptual divide between adaptive and pathogenetic phenomena in migraine: nausea and vomiting. Brain. 2004-08-19, 127 (11): E18 [2022-10-14]. PMID 15492109. doi:10.1093/brain/awh279. （原始內容存檔於2022-10-15）.

[8] Drummond, Peter D. Correlates of facial flushing and pallor in anger-provoking situations. Personality and Individual Differences. October 1997, 23 (4): 575–582. doi:10.1016/S0191-8869(97)00077-9.

[9] Kalantri, Ashwini; Karambelkar, Mandar; Joshi, Rajnish; Kalantri, Shriprakash; Jajoo, Ulhas. Accuracy and Reliability of Pallor for Detecting Anaemia: A Hospital-Based Diagnostic Accuracy Study. PLOS ONE. 2010-01-01, 5 (1): e8545. Bibcode:2010PLoSO...5.8545K. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 2797134  . PMID 20049324. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0008545  （英語）.

[10] Mishra, Vikas A.; Harbada, Rishit; Sharma, Akhilesh. Vitamin B12 and Vitamin D Deficiencies: An Unusual Cause of Fever, Severe Hemolytic Anemia and Thrombocytopenia. Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care. 2015, 4 (1): 145–148. ISSN 2249-4863. PMC 4366991  . PMID 25811010. doi:10.4103/2249-4863.152276.

[11] Fragkandrea, Ioanna; Nixon, John Alexander; Panagopoulou, Paraskevi. Signs and Symptoms of Childhood Cancer: A Guide for Early Recognition. American Family Physician. 2013-08-01, 88 (3): 185–192 [2022-10-14]. PMID 23939697. （原始內容存檔於2023-06-01）.

[12] Poterucha, Joseph T.; Bos, J. Martijn; Cannon, Bryan C.; Ackerman, Michael J. Frequency and severity of hypoglycemia in children with beta-blocker–treated long QT syndrome. Heart Rhythm. 2015-08-01, 12 (8): 1815–1819 [2022-10-14]. ISSN 1547-5271. PMID 25929701. doi:10.1016/j.hrthm.2015.04.034. （原始內容存檔於2023-10-22）（英語）.

[13] Holmes, Sharon; King, Stuart; Scott, J. R. Rollin; Clemes, Stacy. Facial Skin Pallor Increases During Motion Sickness. Journal of Psychophysiology. 2002, 16 (3): 150–157 [2022-10-14]. doi:10.1027//0269-8803.16.3.150. （原始內容存檔於2022-10-14）（英語）.

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