使用者:USSIS/沙盒/2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries
Template:Use American English Template:2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries Template:US 2020 presidential elections series
The 2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries and caucuses will be a series of electoral contests organized by the Democratic Party to select at least 3,768 delegates to the Democratic National Convention (number is subject to change as possible bonus delegates and penalties are not yet included) and determine the Democratic nominee for President of the United States in the 2020 U.S. presidential election.[1] The elections will take place within all fifty U.S. states, the District of Columbia, and five U.S. territories. An extra 764 unpledged delegates or superdelegates, including party leaders and elected officials, (number is subject to change due to possible deaths, resignations, accessions or selection as a pledged candidate) will be appointed by the party leadership independently of the primary's electoral process. The convention will also approve the party's platform and vice-presidential nominee.
Following the 2016 presidential elections, significant changes were proposed that would change the number and role of superdelegates in the nomination process.[2] Changes were enacted on August 25, 2018, which would allow superdelegates to vote on the first ballot at a convention only if it were uncontested.[3]
Background
編輯After Hillary Clinton's loss in the previous election, the Democratic Party was seen as not having a clear leader.[4] There remained divisions in the party following the 2016 primaries which pitted Clinton against Bernie Sanders.[5][6] Between the 2016 election and the 2018 midterm elections, Senate Democrats have generally shifted to the political left in relation to college tuition, healthcare, and immigration.[7][8]
Soon after the 2016 general election, the division between Clinton and Sanders supporters was highlighted in the 2017 Democratic National Committee chairmanship election between Tom Perez and Keith Ellison.[9] Perez was elected Chairman and appointed Ellison as the Deputy Chair, a largely ceremonial role.[7][8] Several candidates began releasing serious policy proposals early in 2019 resulting in the "invisible primary" being more visible than in previous elections.
Reforms since 2016
編輯On August 25, 2018, DNC members passed reforms to the Democratic Party's primary process in order to increase participation[10] and ensure transparency.[11] The reforms mandate that superdelegates refrain from voting on the first presidential nominating ballot unless a candidate has enough votes from pledged delegates (based on the outcomes of primaries and caucuses) that superdelegates wouldn’t overturn the will of the people. This does not preclude superdelegates from endorsing a candidate of their choosing. Caucuses are required to have absentee voting or to otherwise allow those who cannot participate in person to join in. State parties are encouraged to use a government-run primary and increase primaries' accessibility, including through same-day or automatic registration and same-day party switching.[10]
Candidates
編輯Declared candidates and exploratory committees
編輯In addition to having announced that they are running for president in 2020 or having formed exploratory committees for the 2020 presidential election, the candidates in this section have held public office, been included in a minimum of five independent national polls or have otherwise received substantial coverage.[12][13][14][15][16][17]
Name | Born | Experience | State | Campaign Announcement date |
Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cory Booker |
1969年4月27日 (age 55) Washington, D.C. |
U.S. Senator from New Jersey (2013–present) Mayor of Newark, New Jersey (2006–2013) |
New Jersey |
Campaign Campaign: 2019年2月1日 FEC filing[18] |
[19] |
Pete Buttigieg |
1982年1月19日 (age 42) South Bend, Indiana |
Mayor of South Bend, Indiana (2012–present) | Indiana |
Campaign Exploratory committee: 2019年1月23日 FEC filing[20] |
[21] |
Julian Castro |
1974年9月16日 (age 49) San Antonio, Texas |
U.S. Secretary of Housing and Urban Development (2014–2017) Mayor of San Antonio, Texas (2009–2014) |
Texas |
Campaign Exploratory committee: 2018年12月12日 Campaign: 2019年1月12日 FEC filing[22] |
[23] |
John Delaney |
1963年4月16日 (age 61) Wood-Ridge, New Jersey |
U.S. Representative from MD-06 (2013–2019) | Maryland |
Campaign Campaign: 2017年7月28日 FEC filing[24] |
[25] |
Tulsi Gabbard |
1981年4月12日 (age 43) Leloaloa, American Samoa |
U.S. Representative from HI-02 (2013–present) | Hawaii |
Campaign Campaign: 2019年1月11日 FEC filing[26] |
[27] |
Kirsten Gillibrand |
1966年12月9日 (age 57) Albany, New York |
U.S. Senator from New York (2009–present) U.S. Representative from NY-20 (2007–2009) |
New York |
Campaign Exploratory committee: 2019年1月15日 Campaign: 2019年3月17日 FEC filing[28] |
[29][30] |
Mike Gravel |
1930年5月13日 (age 94) Springfield, Massachusetts |
U.S. Senator from Alaska (1969–1981) Speaker of the Alaska House of Representatives (1965–1967) Democratic and Libertarian candidate for President in 2008 |
Alaska |
Campaign Exploratory committee: 2019年3月19日 Scheduled announcement: 2019年4月8日[31] FEC filing[32] |
[32] |
Kamala Harris |
1964年10月20日 (age 59) Oakland, California |
U.S. Senator from California (2017–present) Attorney General of California (2011–2017) |
California |
Campaign Campaign: 2019年1月21日 FEC filing[33] |
[34] |
John Hickenlooper |
1952年2月7日 (age 72) Narberth, Pennsylvania |
Governor of Colorado (2011–2019) Mayor of Denver, Colorado (2003–2011) |
Colorado |
Campaign Campaign: 2019年3月4日 FEC filing[35] |
[36] |
Jay Inslee |
1951年2月9日 (age 73) Seattle, Washington |
Governor of Washington (2013–present) U.S. Representative from WA-01 (1999–2012) U.S. Representative from WA-04 (1993–1995) |
Washington |
Campaign Campaign: 2019年3月1日 FEC filing[37] |
[38] |
Amy Klobuchar |
1960年5月25日 (age 64) Plymouth, Minnesota |
U.S. Senator from Minnesota (2007–present) | Minnesota |
Campaign Campaign: 2019年2月10日 FEC filing[39] |
[40] |
Wayne Messam |
1974年6月7日 (age 50) South Bay, Florida |
Mayor of Miramar, Florida (2015–present) | Florida |
Campaign Exploratory committee: 2019年3月13日 Scheduled announcement: 2019年3月30日[41] FEC filing[42] |
[43] |
Beto O'Rourke |
1972年9月26日 (age 51) El Paso, Texas |
U.S. Representative from TX-16 (2013–2019) Democratic nominee for U.S. Senate from Texas in 2018 |
Texas |
Campaign Campaign: 2019年3月14日 FEC filing[44] |
[45] |
Bernie Sanders |
1941年9月8日 (age 82) Brooklyn, New York |
U.S. Senator from Vermont (2007–present) U.S. Representative from VT-AL (1991–2007) Mayor of Burlington, Vermont (1981–1989) Democratic candidate for President in 2016 |
Vermont |
Campaign Campaign: 2019年2月19日 FEC filing[46] |
[47] |
Elizabeth Warren |
1949年6月22日 (age 75) Oklahoma City, Oklahoma |
U.S. Senator from Massachusetts (2013–present) |
Massachusetts |
Campaign Exploratory committee: 2018年12月31日 Campaign: 2019年2月9日 FEC filing[48] |
[49] |
Marianne Williamson |
1952年7月8日 (age 72) Houston, Texas |
Spiritual teacher, author, lecturer, entrepreneur, and activist Independent candidate for U.S. Representative from CA-33 in 2014 |
California |
Campaign Exploratory committee: 2018年11月15日 Campaign: 2019年1月28日 FEC filing[50] |
[51] |
Andrew Yang |
1975年1月13日 (age 49) Schenectady, New York |
Entrepreneur and founder of Venture for America | New York |
Campaign Campaign: 2017年11月6日 FEC filing[52] |
[53] |
Including the 17 candidates above, 212 individuals have filed with the Federal Election Commission to run for president in the Democratic Party primary, as of March 20, 2019.[54] The additional candidates include the following notable persons:
- Michael E. Arth, artist, builder, architectural and urban designer, and political scientist
- Harry Braun, renewable energy consultant and researcher
- Ken Nwadike Jr., documentary filmmaker, motivational speaker, and peace activist
- Robby Wells, former college football coach
Withdrawn candidates
編輯The candidates in this section have withdrawn or suspended their campaigns.
Candidate | Born | Experience | State | Campaign | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Richard Ojeda |
1970年9月25日 (age 48) Rochester, Minnesota |
West Virginia State Senator (2016–2019) Democratic nominee for U.S. Representative from WV-03 in 2018 |
West Virginia |
Campaign |
[55][56] |
Individuals who have publicly expressed interest
編輯Individuals in this section have expressed an interest in running for president within the last six months, as of March 2019. Some already have leadership PACs that function as campaign committees.[57]
- Stacey Abrams, Georgia State Representative 2007–2017; Democratic nominee for Governor of Georgia in 2018[58][59][60][61][62][63]
- Michael Bennet, U.S. Senator from Colorado since 2009[64][65][66][67][68][69]
- Joe Biden, Vice President of the United States 2009–2017; U.S. Senator from Delaware 1973–2009; candidate for President in 1988 and in 2008[70][71][72][73][74]
- Steve Bullock, Governor of Montana since 2013; Attorney General of Montana 2009–2013[75][76][77]
- Bill de Blasio, Mayor of New York City, New York since 2014[78][79][80][81]
- Terry McAuliffe, Governor of Virginia 2014–2018[82][83][84][85][86]
- Seth Moulton, U.S. Representative from MA-06 since 2015[87][88][89][90]
- Tim Ryan, U.S. Representative from OH-13 since 2003[91][92][93]
- Eric Swalwell, U.S. Representative from CA-15 since 2013[94][95][96][97]
Declined to be candidates
編輯The individuals in this section have been the subject of speculation about their possible candidacy, but have publicly denied interest in running.
- Michael Avenatti, attorney from California[98][99]
- Tammy Baldwin, U.S. Senator from Wisconsin[100][101]
- Michael Bloomberg, former Mayor of New York City[102][103]
- Jerry Brown, former Governor of California[104][105]
- Sherrod Brown, U.S. Senator from Ohio; former U.S. Representative[106][107][108][109][110][111]
- Jimmy Carter, former President of the United States; former Governor of Georgia; Democratic nominee for President in 1980[112][113][114]
- Bob Casey Jr., U.S. Senator from Pennsylvania[115][116]
- Hillary Clinton, former U.S. Secretary of State; former U.S. Senator from New York; Democratic nominee for President in 2016[117][118][119]
- Roy Cooper, Governor of North Carolina[120][121]
- Andrew Cuomo, Governor of New York[122]
- Rahm Emanuel, Mayor of Chicago[123][124][125]
- Al Franken, former U.S. Senator from Minnesota[126][127][128]
- Eric Garcetti, Mayor of Los Angeles, California[129]
- Andrew Gillum, former Mayor of Tallahassee, Florida; Democratic nominee for Governor in 2018[130][131]
- Al Gore, former Vice President of the United States; former U.S. Senator from Tennessee; Democratic nominee for President in 2000[132][133]
- Luis Gutiérrez, former U.S. Representative from Illinois[134][135]
- Eric Holder, former U.S. Attorney General; former Acting U.S. Attorney General from the District of Columbia[136][137][138]
- Dwayne Johnson,[a] actor, producer, and semi-retired professional wrestler from Florida[139][140]
- Tim Kaine, U.S. Senator from Virginia; former Governor of Virginia; Democratic nominee for Vice President in 2016[141][142]
- Joe Kennedy III, U.S. Representative from Massachusetts[143][144][145] (endorsed Warren)[146]
- John Kerry, former Secretary of State; former U.S. Senator from Massachusetts; Democratic nominee for President in 2004[147][148][149]
- Mitch Landrieu, former Mayor of New Orleans; former Lieutenant Governor of Louisiana[150][151][152]
- Jeff Merkley, U.S. Senator from Oregon[153]
- Chris Murphy, U.S. Senator from Connecticut[154][155][156]
- Phil Murphy, Governor of New Jersey[157][158] (endorsed Booker)[159]
- Gavin Newsom, Governor of California[160][161][162] (endorsed Harris)[163]
- Michelle Obama, former First Lady of the United States from Illinois[164][165]
- Martin O'Malley, former Governor of Maryland[166][167] (endorsed O'Rourke)[168]
- Deval Patrick, former Governor of Massachusetts[169][170]
- Joseph Sanberg, co-founder of Aspiration, Inc. from California[171][172][173]
- Joe Scarborough,[a] talk show host and former Republican U.S. Representative from Florida[174][175][176]
- Adam Schiff, U.S. Representative from California[177]
- Howard Schultz,[b] former CEO of Starbucks from Washington[178][179][180] (may run as an Independent)[181]
- Tom Steyer, billionaire hedge fund manager and philanthropist, from California[182][183]
- Jon Tester, U.S. Senator from Montana[184]
- Nina Turner, former Ohio State Senator[185][186] (endorsed Sanders)[187]
- Maxine Waters, U.S. Representative from California[188][189]
- Oprah Winfrey,[a] television host from California[190][191][192]
- Mark Zuckerberg,[a] technology executive from California[193][194][195]
Debates
編輯On December 20, 2018, Tom Perez, the chairman for the Democratic National Committee, announced the preliminary schedule for a series of official debates, set to begin in June 2019.[196] In order to qualify, debate entrants must either attain 1% in three polls (conducted by unique organizations if within the same region; i.e., without double-counting) — at the national level or the first four primary states (Iowa, New Hampshire, Nevada, and South Carolina) — or by meeting a fundraising threshold, in which a candidate must receive donations from 65,000 unique donors, with at least 200 unique donors per state in at least 20 states.[197]
The polling threshold will be determined using polls published after January 1, 2019 up until two weeks for the scheduled debate among polls commissioned or conducted by a limited set of organizations: the Associated Press, ABC News, CBS News, CNN, The Des Moines Register, Fox News, the Las Vegas Review-Journal, Monmouth University, NBC News, The New York Times, National Public Radio, Quinnipiac University, Reuters, the University of New Hampshire, USA Today, The Wall Street Journal, The Washington Post, and Winthrop University.[198]
Candidates who wish to qualify using the fundraising threshold must present evidence to the DNC of their eligibility using donor data collected by ActBlue or NGP VAN.[198]
Should more than 20 candidates meet these criteria, the 20 debate entrants will be winnowed with "a methodology that gives primacy to candidates meeting both thresholds, followed by the highest polling average, followed by the most unique donors."[198]
On March 6, 2019, the Democratic National Committee announced that it would not partner with Fox News for any debates.[199] Fox News had last held a Democratic debate in 2003.[200]
- Democratic primary debate schedule[201]
No. | Date | Time | Place | Sponsor(s) |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | June 2019 | TBD | TBD | NBC News, MSNBC, Telemundo |
2 | July 2019 | TBD | TBD | CNN |
3 | August 2019 | TBD | TBD | TBD |
4 | September 2019 | TBD | TBD | TBD |
5 | October 2019 | TBD | TBD | TBD |
6 | November/December 2019 | TBD | TBD | TBD |
7 | January 2020 | TBD | TBD | TBD |
8 | January/February 2020 | TBD | TBD | TBD |
9 | February 2020 | TBD | TBD | TBD |
10 | February 2020 | TBD | TBD | TBD |
11 | March 2020 | TBD | TBD | TBD |
12 | April 2020 | TBD | TBD | TBD |
Forums
編輯The Heartland Forum in Storm Lake, Iowa will be held on March 30, 2019. This forum will center on the debate of America's monopoly problem, with the candidates offering solutions. The forum will be sponsored by Open Markets Institute Action, HuffPost, The Storm Lake Times and the Iowa Farmers Union. Every declared and potential Democratic presidential candidate is invited to the forum, though so far only Senator Amy Klobuchar, Senator Elizabeth Warren, former Congressman John Delaney, Representative Tim Ryan, and former HUD secretary Julian Castro, are scheduled to take part in the forum.[202][203]
The "We The People Membership Summit" forum will be held at the Warner Theater in the District of Columbia on April 1, 2019. The forum will center on the debate of "democracy reform". So far, the candidates scheduled to attend are Senator Cory Booker, former HUD Secretary Julian Castro, Senator Kirsten Gillibrand, Governor Jay Inslee, Senator Amy Klobuchar, and Senator Elizabeth Warren.[204]
A forum centering on issues affecting women of color will be held April 24, 2019 at Texas Southern University. The forum is sponsored by progressive group, She The People. Every declared candidate is invited to attend, but only eight spots are available for the forum. So far, Senator Cory Booker, Former Congressman Beto O'Rourke, and former HUD secretary Julian Castro are scheduled to take part in the forum.[205]
A Democratic presidential candidate forum will be hosted by The Human Rights Campaign Foundation and UCLA on October 10, 2019 in Los Angeles.[206]
Timeline
編輯Overview
編輯Active campaign | |
Exploratory committee | |
Withdrawn candidate | |
Midterm elections | |
Iowa caucuses | |
Super Tuesday | |
Democratic convention |
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2017
編輯- July 28: Representative John Delaney of Maryland announces his candidacy in an op-ed in The Washington Post.[25][207]
- November 6: Tech entrepreneur Andrew Yang announces his candidacy.[208]
2018
編輯- August 25: Democratic Party officials and television networks begin discussions as to the nature and scheduling of the following year's debates and the nomination process.[210] Changes were made to the role of superdelegates, deciding to only allow them to vote on the first ballot if the nomination is uncontested.[2]
- November 6: The 2018 midterm elections are held.
- November 11: West Virginia State Senator Richard Ojeda announces his candidacy.[211]
- November 15: Spiritual teacher and author Marianne Williamson forms an exploratory committee.[212]
- November 19: Ojeda holds a campaign launch rally in Louisville, Kentucky.[213]
- December 12: Former Secretary of Housing and Urban Development Julian Castro forms an exploratory committee.[214]
- December 31: Senator Elizabeth Warren of Massachusetts forms an exploratory committee.[215]
2019
編輯- January 11: Representative Tulsi Gabbard of Hawaii announces her candidacy during an interview on The Van Jones Show.[216]
- January 12: Castro announces his candidacy at a rally in San Antonio, Texas.[214][217]
- January 15: Senator Kirsten Gillibrand of New York forms an exploratory committee.[218]
- January 21: Senator Kamala Harris of California announces her candidacy during an interview on Good Morning America.[34]
- January 23: Mayor Pete Buttigieg of South Bend, Indiana forms an exploratory committee.[21]
- January 25: Ojeda drops out of the race.[219]
- January 27: Harris holds a campaign launch rally in Oakland, California.[220]
- January 28: Williamson announces her candidacy at a rally in Los Angeles, California.[51]
- February 1: Senator Cory Booker of New Jersey announces his candidacy.[19]
- February 2: Gabbard holds a campaign launch rally in Honolulu, Hawaii.[221]
- February 9: Warren announces her candidacy at a rally in Lawrence, Massachusetts.[222]
- February 10: Senator Amy Klobuchar of Minnesota announces her candidacy at a rally in Minneapolis, Minnesota.[40]
- February 19: Senator Bernie Sanders of Vermont announces his candidacy via an email to supporters and appears on Vermont Public Radio as well as CBS This Morning as part of his campaign launch.[223]
- March 1: Governor Jay Inslee of Washington announces his candidacy.[224]
- March 2: Sanders holds a campaign launch rally at Brooklyn College in Brooklyn, New York.[225][226]
- March 4: Former Governor John Hickenlooper of Colorado announces his candidacy.[36]
- March 7: Hickenlooper holds a campaign launch rally in Denver, Colorado.[227]
- March 11: DNC announces Milwaukee as the 2020 convention site.[228]
- March 13: Mayor Wayne Messam of Miramar, Florida forms an exploratory committee.[43]
- March 14: Former Representative Beto O'Rourke of Texas announces his candidacy.[45]
- March 17: Gillibrand announces her candidacy via a video on Twitter.[229]
- March 19: An exploratory committee is formed on behalf of former Senator Mike Gravel of Alaska.[32]
- March 24: Gillibrand holds a campaign launch rally outside of Trump Tower in New York City.[230]
- Starting in June, a series of debates are expected to take place.[196]
2020
編輯The following anticipated primary and caucus dates may change depending on legislation passed before the scheduled primary dates.[231]
- February 3: Iowa caucus[231]
- February 4: New York primary (see below)[231]
- February 11: New Hampshire primary[231]
- February 22: Nevada caucus[231]
- February 29: South Carolina primary[231]
- March 3: Super Tuesday (Alabama, Arkansas, California, Massachusetts, Minnesota, North Carolina, Oklahoma, Tennessee, Texas, Vermont, and Virginia primaries; Democrats Abroad preference vote through March 10)[231]
- March 7: Louisiana primary[231]
- March 10: Michigan, Mississippi, Missouri, Ohio, and Washington (format TBD) primaries; North Dakota firehouse caucus[231]
- March 17: Arizona, Florida, and Illinois primaries[231]
- March 21: Washington (format TBD) caucus[231]
- To be determined: Colorado primary (March 3, 10 or 17)[231]
- April 4: Hawaii caucus/primary[231]
- April 7: Wisconsin primary[231]
- April 28: Connecticut, Delaware, Maryland, Pennsylvania, and Rhode Island primaries[231]
- May 5: Indiana primary[231]
- May 12: West Virginia primary[231]
- May 19: Kentucky and Oregon primaries[231]
- June 2: Montana, New Jersey, New Mexico, and South Dakota primaries[231]
- June 7: Puerto Rico primary[231]
- June 16: District of Columbia primary[231]
截至March 2019年[update], primaries and caucuses for the following states are not yet scheduled; 2016 dates are listed in parentheses: American Samoa (March 1), Kansas (March 5), Maine (March 6), Northern Mariana Islands (March 12), Alaska, Wyoming (April 9), Guam (May 7), and Virgin Islands (June 4) caucuses, and Georgia (March 1), Nebraska (March 5), Idaho (March 22), and New York (April 19) primaries; Utah (March 22) has a presidential caucus, but a primary option if funded; New York primary is scheduled for February 4 for procedural reasons, but date is expected to be amended.[231]
National convention
編輯The 2020 Democratic National Convention is scheduled to take place in Milwaukee, Wisconsin on July 13–16, 2020.[232][233][234]
In addition to Milwaukee, the DNC also considered bids from three other cities: Houston, Texas;[235] Miami Beach, Florida[236] (hosted the 1972 convention); and Denver, Colorado. Denver, though, was immediately withdrawn from consideration by representatives for the city, citing scheduling conflicts.[237]
Endorsements
編輯Primary election polling
編輯See also
編輯Notes
編輯References
編輯- ^ The Green Papers. [March 6, 2019].
- ^ 2.0 2.1 DNC advances changes to presidential nominating process. USA TODAY. [August 11, 2018].
- ^ Siders, David; Korecki, Natasha. Democrats strip superdelegates of power in picking presidential nominee. Politico. August 25, 2018 [August 25, 2018].
- ^ Easley, Jonathan. For Democrats, no clear leader. The Hill. March 31, 2017 [January 28, 2018].
- ^ Vyse, Graham. The 2020 Democratic primary is going to be the all-out brawl the party needs.. The New Republic. April 28, 2017 [January 28, 2018].
- ^ Edsall, Thomas B. The Struggle Between Clinton and Sanders Is Not Over. The New York Times. September 7, 2017 [March 25, 2018].
- ^ 7.0 7.1 Schor, Elana. Dem senators fight to out-liberal one another ahead of 2020. Politico. December 30, 2017 [January 23, 2018].
- ^ 8.0 8.1 Miller, Ryan W. New York's Kirsten Gillibrand, Bill de Blasio echo progressive calls to 'abolish ICE'. USA Today. June 29, 2018 [July 4, 2018].
- ^ Abramson, Jill; Aronoff, Kate; Camacho, Daniel José. After the divisive Democratic National Committee chair election, what's next?. The Guardian. February 27, 2017 [March 23, 2018].
- ^ 10.0 10.1 DNC Passes Historic Reforms to the Presidential Nominating Process. Democrats.org. Democratic Party. August 25, 2018 [March 19, 2019].
- ^ O』Malley Dillon, Jen; Cohen, Larry. Report of the Unity Reform Commission (PDF). Democrats.org. Democratic Party. October 2018 [March 19, 2019].
- ^ Burns, Alexander; Flegenheimer, Matt; Lee, Jasmine C.; Lerer, Lisa; Martin, Jonathan. Who’s Running for President in 2020?. The New York Times. January 21, 2019 [March 10, 2019].
- ^ Scherer, Michael; Uhrmacher, Kevin; Schaul, Kevin. Who is hoping to challenge Trump for president in 2020?. The Washington Post. May 14, 2018 [March 10, 2019].
- ^ Krishnakumar, Priya; Hook, Janet. Who’s running for president and who’s not. The Los Angeles Times. January 13, 2019 [March 10, 2019].
- ^ Klahr, Renee; Sadiq, Alena; Montanaro, Domenico; Hurt, Alyson. Which Democrats Are Running In 2020 — And Which Still Might. NPR. January 31, 2019 [March 10, 2019].
- ^ de Vries, Karl; Kelly, Caroline. Here are the Democrats who have said they're running for president. CNN. January 21, 2019 [March 10, 2019].
- ^ 2020 presidential election: Track which candidates are running. Axios. January 11, 2019 [March 10, 2019].
- ^ Statement of Candidacy (PDF). docquery.fec.gov. 2019.
- ^ 19.0 19.1 Korecki, Natasha. Cory Booker launches bid for president. Politico. February 1, 2019 [February 1, 2019] (美國英語).
- ^ FEC Form 2 for Report FEC-1317598. docquery.fec.gov.
- ^ 21.0 21.1 Verhovek, John. South Bend Mayor Pete Buttigieg launches presidential exploratory committee, could be nation's first openly gay nominee. ABC News. January 23, 2019 [January 23, 2019].
- ^ Statement of Candidacy (PDF). docquery.fec.gov. 2019.
- ^ J. Weber, Paul. Former Obama housing chief Julian Castro joins 2020 campaign. Associated Press. January 12, 2019 [January 12, 2019] (美國英語).
- ^ Statement of Candidacy (PDF). docquery.fec.gov. 2019.
- ^ 25.0 25.1 Delaney, John. John Delaney: Why I'm running for president. The Washington Post. July 28, 2017 [July 28, 2017].
- ^ Statement of Candidacy (PDF). docquery.fec.gov. 2019.
- ^ Kelly, Caroline. Tulsi Gabbard says she will run for president in 2020. CNN. January 12, 2019 [January 11, 2019].
- ^ FEC Form 2 for Report FEC-1304851. docquery.fec.gov.
- ^ Block, Valerie. Kirsten Gillibrand: 'I'm going to run' for president in 2020. CNBC. January 15, 2019.
- ^ Stracqualursi, Veronica. Kirsten Gillibrand officially jumps into 2020 race, teases speech at Trump hotel in New York. CNN. [March 17, 2019] (英語).
- ^ Gravel, Mike [@MikeGravel]. Sen. Gravel is planning to announce his official candidacy for president on April 8, 2019. He's aiming to qualify for the debates, expose elite rule and imperialism, and then drop out. If you want to get involved, please fill out the form below: (推文). March 24, 2019 [March 25, 2019] –透過Twitter.
- ^ 32.0 32.1 32.2 Form 1 for Mike Gravel for President Exploratory Committee. docquery.fec.gov. [March 24, 2019].
- ^ Statement of Candidacy (PDF). docquery.fec.gov. 2019.
- ^ 34.0 34.1 Kelsey, Adam. Sen. Kamala Harris announces she will run for president in 2020. ABC News. January 21, 2019.
- ^ Statement of Candidacy (PDF). docquery.fec.gov. 2019.
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- ^ Zack Budryk. Booker, O'Rourke, Castro to attend women of color forum. The Hill. March 26, 2019 [March 26, 2019].
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- ^ 214.0 214.1 Weber, Paul. Julian Castro Forming Presidential Exploratory Committee. Bloomberg. December 12, 2018 [December 12, 2018].
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- ^ Kelly, Caroline. Tulsi Gabbard says she will run for president in 2020. CNN. January 11, 2019 [January 11, 2019] (美國英語).
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- ^ Solie, Stacey. Kamala Harris Kicks Off 2020 Campaign with Oakland Rally. The New York Times. January 27, 2019. ISSN 0362-4331 (美國英語).
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- ^ Washington Gov. Jay Inslee announces 2020 presidential bid. CNN. March 1, 2019 [March 1, 2019].
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- ^ Glauber, Bill; Spicuzza, Mary. DNC: Milwaukee picked to host 2020 Democratic National Convention. Milwaukee Journal Sentinel. March 11, 2019.
- ^ Sen Kirsten Gillibrand officially launches 2020 presidential run. Mail Online. March 17, 2019.
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- ^ 231.00 231.01 231.02 231.03 231.04 231.05 231.06 231.07 231.08 231.09 231.10 231.11 231.12 231.13 231.14 231.15 231.16 231.17 231.18 231.19 231.20 231.21 Putnam, Josh. The 2020 Presidential Primary Calendar. Frontloading HQ. January 18, 2019 [February 23, 2019].
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- ^ Exclusive: Democrats, anticipating heated primary, set earlier 2020 convention date. CNN. [June 15, 2018].
- ^ Burke, Michael. Milwaukee selected to host 2020 Democratic National Convention. March 11, 2019 [March 11, 2019].
- ^ Houston moves forward with DNC 2020 bid. KHOU. [June 8, 2018].
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- ^ City of Milwaukee 1 of 3 finalists to host 2020 Democratic National Convention. FOX6Now.com. June 20, 2018 [July 1, 2018].
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