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User:USSIS/沙盒/2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries

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Template:Use American English Template:2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries Template:US 2020 presidential elections series

The 2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries and caucuses will be a series of electoral contests organized by the Democratic Party to select at least 3,768 delegates to the Democratic National Convention (number is subject to change as possible bonus delegates and penalties are not yet included) and determine the Democratic nominee for President of the United States in the 2020 U.S. presidential election.[1] The elections will take place within all fifty U.S. states, the District of Columbia, and five U.S. territories. An extra 764 unpledged delegates or superdelegates, including party leaders and elected officials, (number is subject to change due to possible deaths, resignations, accessions or selection as a pledged candidate) will be appointed by the party leadership independently of the primary's electoral process. The convention will also approve the party's platform and vice-presidential nominee.

Following the 2016 presidential elections, significant changes were proposed that would change the number and role of superdelegates in the nomination process.[2] Changes were enacted on August 25, 2018, which would allow superdelegates to vote on the first ballot at a convention only if it were uncontested.[3]

Background

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After Hillary Clinton's loss in the previous election, the Democratic Party was seen as not having a clear leader.[4] There remained divisions in the party following the 2016 primaries which pitted Clinton against Bernie Sanders.[5][6] Between the 2016 election and the 2018 midterm elections, Senate Democrats have generally shifted to the political left in relation to college tuition, healthcare, and immigration.[7][8]

Soon after the 2016 general election, the division between Clinton and Sanders supporters was highlighted in the 2017 Democratic National Committee chairmanship election between Tom Perez and Keith Ellison.[9] Perez was elected Chairman and appointed Ellison as the Deputy Chair, a largely ceremonial role.[7][8] Several candidates began releasing serious policy proposals early in 2019 resulting in the "invisible primary" being more visible than in previous elections.

Reforms since 2016

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参见：Superdelegate § DNC Unity Reform Commission and superdelegate reform, 2016–2018

On August 25, 2018, DNC members passed reforms to the Democratic Party's primary process in order to increase participation[10] and ensure transparency.[11] The reforms mandate that superdelegates refrain from voting on the first presidential nominating ballot unless a candidate has enough votes from pledged delegates (based on the outcomes of primaries and caucuses) that superdelegates wouldn’t overturn the will of the people. This does not preclude superdelegates from endorsing a candidate of their choosing. Caucuses are required to have absentee voting or to otherwise allow those who cannot participate in person to join in. State parties are encouraged to use a government-run primary and increase primaries' accessibility, including through same-day or automatic registration and same-day party switching.[10]

Candidates

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Declared candidates and exploratory committees

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In addition to having announced that they are running for president in 2020 or having formed exploratory committees for the 2020 presidential election, the candidates in this section have held public office, been included in a minimum of five independent national polls or have otherwise received substantial coverage.[12][13][14][15][16][17]

  Formed exploratory committee but has not officially declared candidacy
Name Born Experience State Campaign
Announcement date 		Ref.
 
Cory Booker 		1969年4月27日
(age 55)
Washington, D.C. 		U.S. Senator from New Jersey (2013–present)
Mayor of Newark, New Jersey (2006–2013) 		 
New Jersey 		 

Campaign
Campaign: 2019年2月1日
FEC filing[18] 		[19]
 
Pete Buttigieg 		1982年1月19日
(age 42)
South Bend, Indiana 		Mayor of South Bend, Indiana (2012–present)  
Indiana 		 

Campaign
Exploratory committee:
2019年1月23日
FEC filing[20] 		[21]
 
Julian Castro 		1974年9月16日
(age 50)
San Antonio, Texas 		U.S. Secretary of Housing and Urban Development (2014–2017)
Mayor of San Antonio, Texas (2009–2014) 		 
Texas 		 

Campaign
Exploratory committee:
2018年12月12日
Campaign: 2019年1月12日
FEC filing[22] 		[23]
 
John Delaney 		1963年4月16日
(age 61)
Wood-Ridge, New Jersey 		U.S. Representative from MD-06 (2013–2019)  
Maryland 		 

Campaign
Campaign: 2017年7月28日
FEC filing[24] 		[25]
 
Tulsi Gabbard 		1981年4月12日
(age 43)
Leloaloa, American Samoa 		U.S. Representative from HI-02 (2013–present)  
Hawaii 		 

Campaign
Campaign: 2019年1月11日
FEC filing[26] 		[27]
 
Kirsten Gillibrand 		1966年12月9日
(age 57)
Albany, New York 		U.S. Senator from New York (2009–present)
U.S. Representative from NY-20 (2007–2009) 		 
New York 		 

Campaign
Exploratory committee:
2019年1月15日
Campaign: 2019年3月17日
FEC filing[28] 		[29][30]
 
Mike Gravel 		1930年5月13日
(age 94)
Springfield, Massachusetts 		U.S. Senator from Alaska (1969–1981)
Speaker of the Alaska House of Representatives (1965–1967)
Democratic and Libertarian candidate for President in 2008 		 
Alaska 		 

Campaign
Exploratory committee:
2019年3月19日
Scheduled announcement:
2019年4月8日[31]
FEC filing[32] 		[32]
 
Kamala Harris 		1964年10月20日
(age 60)
Oakland, California 		U.S. Senator from California (2017–present)
Attorney General of California (2011–2017) 		 
California 		 

Campaign
Campaign: 2019年1月21日
FEC filing[33] 		[34]
 
John Hickenlooper 		1952年2月7日
(age 72)
Narberth, Pennsylvania 		Governor of Colorado (2011–2019)
Mayor of Denver, Colorado (2003–2011) 		 
Colorado 		 

Campaign
Campaign: 2019年3月4日
FEC filing[35] 		[36]
 
Jay Inslee 		1951年2月9日
(age 73)
Seattle, Washington 		Governor of Washington (2013–present)
U.S. Representative from WA-01 (1999–2012)
U.S. Representative from WA-04 (1993–1995) 		 
Washington

Campaign
Campaign: 2019年3月1日
FEC filing[37] 		[38]
 
Amy Klobuchar 		1960年5月25日
(age 64)
Plymouth, Minnesota 		U.S. Senator from Minnesota (2007–present)  
Minnesota 		 

Campaign
Campaign: 2019年2月10日
FEC filing[39] 		[40]
 
Wayne Messam 		1974年6月7日
(age 50)
South Bay, Florida 		Mayor of Miramar, Florida (2015–present)  
Florida 		 

Campaign
Exploratory committee:
2019年3月13日
Scheduled announcement:
2019年3月30日[41]
FEC filing[42] 		[43]
 
Beto O'Rourke 		1972年9月26日
(age 52)
El Paso, Texas 		U.S. Representative from TX-16 (2013–2019)
Democratic nominee for U.S. Senate from Texas in 2018 		 
Texas 		 

Campaign
Campaign: 2019年3月14日
FEC filing[44] 		[45]
 
Bernie Sanders 		1941年9月8日
(age 83)
Brooklyn, New York 		U.S. Senator from Vermont (2007–present)
U.S. Representative from VT-AL (1991–2007)
Mayor of Burlington, Vermont (1981–1989)
Democratic candidate for President in 2016 		 
Vermont 		 

Campaign
Campaign: 2019年2月19日
FEC filing[46] 		[47]

Elizabeth Warren 		1949年6月22日
(age 75)
Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 		U.S. Senator from Massachusetts (2013–present)
  
Massachusetts 		 

Campaign
Exploratory committee:
2018年12月31日
Campaign: 2019年2月9日
FEC filing[48] 		[49]

Marianne Williamson 		1952年7月8日
(age 72)
Houston, Texas 		Spiritual teacher, author, lecturer, entrepreneur, and activist
Independent candidate for U.S. Representative from CA-33 in 2014 		 
California 		 

Campaign
Exploratory committee:
2018年11月15日
Campaign: 2019年1月28日
FEC filing[50] 		[51]
 
Andrew Yang 		1975年1月13日
(age 49)
Schenectady, New York 		Entrepreneur and founder of Venture for America  
New York 		 

Campaign
Campaign: 2017年11月6日
FEC filing[52] 		[53]

Including the 17 candidates above, 212 individuals have filed with the Federal Election Commission to run for president in the Democratic Party primary, as of March 20, 2019.[54] The additional candidates include the following notable persons:

  • Michael E. Arth, artist, builder, architectural and urban designer, and political scientist
  • Harry Braun, renewable energy consultant and researcher
  • Ken Nwadike Jr., documentary filmmaker, motivational speaker, and peace activist
  • Robby Wells, former college football coach

Withdrawn candidates

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The candidates in this section have withdrawn or suspended their campaigns.

Candidate Born Experience State Campaign Ref
 
Richard Ojeda 		1970年9月25日
(age 48)
Rochester, Minnesota 		West Virginia State Senator (2016–2019)
Democratic nominee for U.S. Representative from WV-03 in 2018 		 
West Virginia

Campaign
Announced: 2018年11月11日
Suspended: 2019年1月25日

[55][56]

Individuals who have publicly expressed interest

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Individuals in this section have expressed an interest in running for president within the last six months, as of March 2019. Some already have leadership PACs that function as campaign committees.[57]

Declined to be candidates

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The individuals in this section have been the subject of speculation about their possible candidacy, but have publicly denied interest in running.

Debates

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On December 20, 2018, Tom Perez, the chairman for the Democratic National Committee, announced the preliminary schedule for a series of official debates, set to begin in June 2019.[196] In order to qualify, debate entrants must either attain 1% in three polls (conducted by unique organizations if within the same region; i.e., without double-counting) — at the national level or the first four primary states (Iowa, New Hampshire, Nevada, and South Carolina) — or by meeting a fundraising threshold, in which a candidate must receive donations from 65,000 unique donors, with at least 200 unique donors per state in at least 20 states.[197]

The polling threshold will be determined using polls published after January 1, 2019 up until two weeks for the scheduled debate among polls commissioned or conducted by a limited set of organizations: the Associated Press, ABC News, CBS News, CNN, The Des Moines Register, Fox News, the Las Vegas Review-Journal, Monmouth University, NBC News, The New York Times, National Public Radio, Quinnipiac University, Reuters, the University of New Hampshire, USA Today, The Wall Street Journal, The Washington Post, and Winthrop University.[198]

Candidates who wish to qualify using the fundraising threshold must present evidence to the DNC of their eligibility using donor data collected by ActBlue or NGP VAN.[198]

Should more than 20 candidates meet these criteria, the 20 debate entrants will be winnowed with "a methodology that gives primacy to candidates meeting both thresholds, followed by the highest polling average, followed by the most unique donors."[198]

On March 6, 2019, the Democratic National Committee announced that it would not partner with Fox News for any debates.[199] Fox News had last held a Democratic debate in 2003.[200]

Democratic primary debate schedule[201]
No. Date Time Place Sponsor(s)
1 June 2019 TBD TBD NBC News, MSNBC, Telemundo
2 July 2019 TBD TBD CNN
3 August 2019 TBD TBD TBD
4 September 2019 TBD TBD TBD
5 October 2019 TBD TBD TBD
6 November/December 2019 TBD TBD TBD
7 January 2020 TBD TBD TBD
8 January/February 2020 TBD TBD TBD
9 February 2020 TBD TBD TBD
10 February 2020 TBD TBD TBD
11 March 2020 TBD TBD TBD
12 April 2020 TBD TBD TBD

Forums

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The Heartland Forum in Storm Lake, Iowa will be held on March 30, 2019. This forum will center on the debate of America's monopoly problem, with the candidates offering solutions. The forum will be sponsored by Open Markets Institute Action, HuffPost, The Storm Lake Times and the Iowa Farmers Union. Every declared and potential Democratic presidential candidate is invited to the forum, though so far only Senator Amy Klobuchar, Senator Elizabeth Warren, former Congressman John Delaney, Representative Tim Ryan, and former HUD secretary Julian Castro, are scheduled to take part in the forum.[202][203]

The "We The People Membership Summit" forum will be held at the Warner Theater in the District of Columbia on April 1, 2019. The forum will center on the debate of "democracy reform". So far, the candidates scheduled to attend are Senator Cory Booker, former HUD Secretary Julian Castro, Senator Kirsten Gillibrand, Governor Jay Inslee, Senator Amy Klobuchar, and Senator Elizabeth Warren.[204]

A forum centering on issues affecting women of color will be held April 24, 2019 at Texas Southern University. The forum is sponsored by progressive group, She The People. Every declared candidate is invited to attend, but only eight spots are available for the forum. So far, Senator Cory Booker, Former Congressman Beto O'Rourke, and former HUD secretary Julian Castro are scheduled to take part in the forum.[205]

A Democratic presidential candidate forum will be hosted by The Human Rights Campaign Foundation and UCLA on October 10, 2019 in Los Angeles.[206]

Timeline

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Overview

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Active campaign
Exploratory committee
Withdrawn candidate
Midterm elections
Iowa caucuses
Super Tuesday
Democratic convention

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2017

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John Delaney was the first major candidate to announce his campaign, two and a half years before the 2020 Iowa caucus.

2018

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Julian Castro's formation of an exploratory committee in December 2018 was seen as the start of the campaign in earnest.[209]
  • August 25: Democratic Party officials and television networks begin discussions as to the nature and scheduling of the following year's debates and the nomination process.[210] Changes were made to the role of superdelegates, deciding to only allow them to vote on the first ballot if the nomination is uncontested.[2]
  • November 6: The 2018 midterm elections are held.
  • November 11: West Virginia State Senator Richard Ojeda announces his candidacy.[211]
  • November 15: Spiritual teacher and author Marianne Williamson forms an exploratory committee.[212]
  • November 19: Ojeda holds a campaign launch rally in Louisville, Kentucky.[213]
  • December 12: Former Secretary of Housing and Urban Development Julian Castro forms an exploratory committee.[214]
  • December 31: Senator Elizabeth Warren of Massachusetts forms an exploratory committee.[215]

2019

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Sen. Kamala Harris launched her bid on January 21, 2019.
 
Bernie Sanders launched his second campaign on February 19, 2019.
 
Beto O'Rourke launched his bid on March 14, 2019.

2020

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The following anticipated primary and caucus dates may change depending on legislation passed before the scheduled primary dates.[231]

  • February 3: Iowa caucus[231]
  • February 4: New York primary (see below)[231]
  • February 11: New Hampshire primary[231]
  • February 22: Nevada caucus[231]
  • February 29: South Carolina primary[231]
  • March 3: Super Tuesday (Alabama, Arkansas, California, Massachusetts, Minnesota, North Carolina, Oklahoma, Tennessee, Texas, Vermont, and Virginia primaries; Democrats Abroad preference vote through March 10)[231]
  • March 7: Louisiana primary[231]
  • March 10: Michigan, Mississippi, Missouri, Ohio, and Washington (format TBD) primaries; North Dakota firehouse caucus[231]
  • March 17: Arizona, Florida, and Illinois primaries[231]
  • March 21: Washington (format TBD) caucus[231]
  • To be determined: Colorado primary (March 3, 10 or 17)[231]
  • April 4: Hawaii caucus/primary[231]
  • April 7: Wisconsin primary[231]
  • April 28: Connecticut, Delaware, Maryland, Pennsylvania, and Rhode Island primaries[231]
  • May 5: Indiana primary[231]
  • May 12: West Virginia primary[231]
  • May 19: Kentucky and Oregon primaries[231]
  • June 2: Montana, New Jersey, New Mexico, and South Dakota primaries[231]
  • June 7: Puerto Rico primary[231]
  • June 16: District of Columbia primary[231]

截至March 2019年 (March 2019-Missing required parameter 1=month!), primaries and caucuses for the following states are not yet scheduled; 2016 dates are listed in parentheses: American Samoa (March 1), Kansas (March 5), Maine (March 6), Northern Mariana Islands (March 12), Alaska, Wyoming (April 9), Guam (May 7), and Virgin Islands (June 4) caucuses, and Georgia (March 1), Nebraska (March 5), Idaho (March 22), and New York (April 19) primaries; Utah (March 22) has a presidential caucus, but a primary option if funded; New York primary is scheduled for February 4 for procedural reasons, but date is expected to be amended.[231]

National convention

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The 2020 Democratic National Convention is scheduled to take place in Milwaukee, Wisconsin on July 13–16, 2020.[232][233][234]

In addition to Milwaukee, the DNC also considered bids from three other cities: Houston, Texas;[235] Miami Beach, Florida[236] (hosted the 1972 convention); and Denver, Colorado. Denver, though, was immediately withdrawn from consideration by representatives for the city, citing scheduling conflicts.[237]

Endorsements

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主条目：Endorsements in the 2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries

Primary election polling

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主条目：Opinion polling for the 2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries

See also

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Notes

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  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 This individual is not a member of the Democratic Party, but has been the subject of speculation or expressed interest in running under this party.
  2. ^ Schultz is considering running for president as an Independent candidate.

References

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  1. ^ The Green Papers. [March 6, 2019]. 
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 DNC advances changes to presidential nominating process. USA TODAY. [August 11, 2018]. 
  3. ^ Siders, David; Korecki, Natasha. Democrats strip superdelegates of power in picking presidential nominee. Politico. August 25, 2018 [August 25, 2018]. 
  4. ^ Easley, Jonathan. For Democrats, no clear leader. The Hill. March 31, 2017 [January 28, 2018]. 
  5. ^ Vyse, Graham. The 2020 Democratic primary is going to be the all-out brawl the party needs.. The New Republic. April 28, 2017 [January 28, 2018]. 
  6. ^ Edsall, Thomas B. The Struggle Between Clinton and Sanders Is Not Over. The New York Times. September 7, 2017 [March 25, 2018]. 
  7. ^ 7.0 7.1 Schor, Elana. Dem senators fight to out-liberal one another ahead of 2020. Politico. December 30, 2017 [January 23, 2018]. 
  8. ^ 8.0 8.1 Miller, Ryan W. New York's Kirsten Gillibrand, Bill de Blasio echo progressive calls to 'abolish ICE'. USA Today. June 29, 2018 [July 4, 2018]. 
  9. ^ Abramson, Jill; Aronoff, Kate; Camacho, Daniel José. After the divisive Democratic National Committee chair election, what's next?. The Guardian. February 27, 2017 [March 23, 2018]. 
  10. ^ 10.0 10.1 DNC Passes Historic Reforms to the Presidential Nominating Process. Democrats.org. Democratic Party. August 25, 2018 [March 19, 2019]. 
  11. ^ O’Malley Dillon, Jen; Cohen, Larry. Report of the Unity Reform Commission (PDF). Democrats.org. Democratic Party. October 2018 [March 19, 2019]. 
  12. ^ Burns, Alexander; Flegenheimer, Matt; Lee, Jasmine C.; Lerer, Lisa; Martin, Jonathan. Who’s Running for President in 2020?. The New York Times. January 21, 2019 [March 10, 2019]. 
  13. ^ Scherer, Michael; Uhrmacher, Kevin; Schaul, Kevin. Who is hoping to challenge Trump for president in 2020?. The Washington Post. May 14, 2018 [March 10, 2019]. 
  14. ^ Krishnakumar, Priya; Hook, Janet. Who’s running for president and who’s not. The Los Angeles Times. January 13, 2019 [March 10, 2019]. 
  15. ^ Klahr, Renee; Sadiq, Alena; Montanaro, Domenico; Hurt, Alyson. Which Democrats Are Running In 2020 — And Which Still Might. NPR. January 31, 2019 [March 10, 2019]. 
  16. ^ de Vries, Karl; Kelly, Caroline. Here are the Democrats who have said they're running for president. CNN. January 21, 2019 [March 10, 2019]. 
  17. ^ 2020 presidential election: Track which candidates are running. Axios. January 11, 2019 [March 10, 2019]. 
  18. ^ Statement of Candidacy (PDF). docquery.fec.gov. 2019. 
  19. ^ 19.0 19.1 Korecki, Natasha. Cory Booker launches bid for president. Politico. February 1, 2019 [February 1, 2019] （美国英语）. 
  20. ^ FEC Form 2 for Report FEC-1317598. docquery.fec.gov. 
  21. ^ 21.0 21.1 Verhovek, John. South Bend Mayor Pete Buttigieg launches presidential exploratory committee, could be nation's first openly gay nominee. ABC News. January 23, 2019 [January 23, 2019]. 
  22. ^ Statement of Candidacy (PDF). docquery.fec.gov. 2019. 
  23. ^ J. Weber, Paul. Former Obama housing chief Julian Castro joins 2020 campaign. Associated Press. January 12, 2019 [January 12, 2019] （美国英语）. 
  24. ^ Statement of Candidacy (PDF). docquery.fec.gov. 2019. 
  25. ^ 25.0 25.1 Delaney, John. John Delaney: Why I'm running for president. The Washington Post. July 28, 2017 [July 28, 2017]. 
  26. ^ Statement of Candidacy (PDF). docquery.fec.gov. 2019. 
  27. ^ Kelly, Caroline. Tulsi Gabbard says she will run for president in 2020. CNN. January 12, 2019 [January 11, 2019]. 
  28. ^ FEC Form 2 for Report FEC-1304851. docquery.fec.gov. 
  29. ^ Block, Valerie. Kirsten Gillibrand: 'I'm going to run' for president in 2020. CNBC. January 15, 2019. 
  30. ^ Stracqualursi, Veronica. Kirsten Gillibrand officially jumps into 2020 race, teases speech at Trump hotel in New York. CNN. [March 17, 2019] （英语）. 
  31. ^ Gravel, Mike [@MikeGravel]. Sen. Gravel is planning to announce his official candidacy for president on April 8, 2019. He's aiming to qualify for the debates, expose elite rule and imperialism, and then drop out. If you want to get involved, please fill out the form below: (推文). March 24, 2019 [March 25, 2019] –通过Twitter. 
  32. ^ 32.0 32.1 32.2 Form 1 for Mike Gravel for President Exploratory Committee. docquery.fec.gov. [March 24, 2019]. 
  33. ^ Statement of Candidacy (PDF). docquery.fec.gov. 2019. 
  34. ^ 34.0 34.1 Kelsey, Adam. Sen. Kamala Harris announces she will run for president in 2020. ABC News. January 21, 2019. 
  35. ^ Statement of Candidacy (PDF). docquery.fec.gov. 2019. 
  36. ^ 36.0 36.1 Kelsey, Adam. Former Colorado Gov. John Hickenlooper, touting diverse background, joins 2020 presidential field. ABC News. [March 4, 2019] （英语）. 
  37. ^ Statement of Candidacy (PDF). docquery.fec.gov. 2019. 
  38. ^ Dan Merica. Washington Gov. Jay Inslee announces 2020 presidential bid. CNN. March 1, 2019 [March 3, 2019]. 
  39. ^ Statement of Candidacy (PDF). docquery.fec.gov. 2019. 
  40. ^ 40.0 40.1 Golshan, Tara. Sen. Amy Klobuchar has won every one of her elections by huge margins. Now she’s running for president. Vox. February 10, 2019. 
  41. ^ Man, Anthony. Miramar Mayor Wayne Messam, readying presidential campaign, sets date for 'historic announcement'. Sun-Sentinel.com. [March 18, 2019] （美国英语）. 
  42. ^ FEC Form 2 for Report FEC-1319531. docquery.fec.gov. 
  43. ^ 43.0 43.1 Merica, Dan. Little-known Florida mayor to announce 2020 exploratory committee. CNN. March 13, 2019 [March 13, 2019]. 
  44. ^ Statement of Candidacy (PDF). docquery.fec.gov. 2019. 
  45. ^ 45.0 45.1 Bradner, Eric; Santiago, Leyla. Beto O'Rourke announces he's running for president in 2020. CNN. [March 14, 2019]. 
  46. ^ Statement of Candidacy (PDF). docquery.fec.gov. 2019. 
  47. ^ News, V. P. R. He's In For 2020: Bernie Sanders Is Running For President Again. Vermont Public Radio. [February 19, 2019] （英语）. 
  48. ^ Statement of Candidacy (PDF). docquery.fec.gov. 2019. 
  49. ^ McCarthy, Tom. Senator Elizabeth Warren officially launches 2020 presidential campaign. The Guardian. February 9, 2019 [February 9, 2019]. 
  50. ^ Statement of Candidacy (PDF). docquery.fec.gov. 2019. 
  51. ^ 51.0 51.1 Warrell, Margie. Marianne Williamson: Can A Presidential Bid Fueled By Love Transcend The Politics Of Fear?. Forbes. January 29, 2019 [January 28, 2019]. 
  52. ^ Statement of Candidacy (PDF). docquery.fec.gov. 2019. 
  53. ^ Roose, Kevin. His 2020 Campaign Message: The Robots Are Coming. The New York Times. January 10, 2018 [January 26, 2018] （美国英语）. 
  54. ^ Candidates. Federal Election Commission. 
  55. ^ Grim, Ryan. RICHARD OJEDA, WEST VIRGINIA LAWMAKER WHO BACKED TEACHERS STRIKES, WILL RUN FOR PRESIDENT. The Intercept. November 11, 2018 [December 17, 2018]. 
  56. ^ Grim, Ryan. Richard Ojeda Drops Out of Presidential Race. The Intercept. January 25, 2019 [January 25, 2019] （美国英语）. 
  57. ^ Types of nonconnected PACs. FEC.gov. [January 2, 2019]. 
  58. ^ Stan, Adele M. Stacey Abrams Could Be Dems' Best Hope for Winning in 2020. The American Prospect. November 21, 2018 [December 28, 2018]. 
  59. ^ Stacey Abrams Vs. Donald Trump in 2020? Georgia Governor candidate says 'I Am Open to All Options'. Newsweek. December 4, 2018 [December 28, 2018]. 
  60. ^ Caputo, Marc; Strauss, Daniel. Abrams and Gillum are likely 2020 kingmakers. Politico. January 16, 2019 [January 16, 2019]. 
  61. ^ Prakash, Nidhi. Stacey Abrams Says She's "Thinking About Everything" For 2020. Buzzfeed News. February 7, 2019. 
  62. ^ Arkin, James. Stacey Abrams: '2020 is definitely on the table'. Politico. March 11, 2019 [March 11, 2019]. 
  63. ^ Traister, Rebecca. Stacey Abrams for …. Governor? Senator? Veep? President?! The Georgian who is usually sure about everything finds herself conflicted about her future.. New York. March 17, 2019. 
  64. ^ Sen. Michael Bennet Isn't Ruling Out Run For President In 2020. CBS Denver. November 30, 2018 [December 26, 2018]. 
  65. ^ Birkeland, Bente. Sen. Michael Bennet 'Seriously Thinking' About A 2020 Run For President. Colorado Public Radio. December 3, 2018 [December 26, 2018]. 
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  136. ^ Kulwin, Noah. Eric Holder talks Rod Rosenstein, His Work with Uber and Airbnb, and His Record Prosecuting Bankers. New York. October 15, 2018 [January 12, 2018]. 
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  139. ^ AM, Harriet Sinclair On 7/12/18 at 4:05. Dwayne "The Rock" Johnson is "absolutely" thinking about running for president. Newsweek. July 12, 2018 [February 22, 2019] （英语）. 
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  146. ^ Warren, Elizabeth [@ewarren]. "I am so thrilled to help introduce the next President of the United States – Elizabeth Warren!" –Rep. @JoeKennedy #Warren2020 (推文). February 9, 2019 [February 9, 2019] –通过Twitter. 
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  148. ^ John Kerry to Trump: Resign. Agence France Presse. January 23, 2019. 
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  159. ^ Murphy, Phil [@PhilMurphyNJ]. Cory Booker ran toward the toughest problems and has fought to build a more just and fair nation for everyone, from his days on the Newark City Council, as mayor, and as a U.S. Senator. He'll make an amazing President. (推文). February 1, 2019 [February 1, 2019] –通过Twitter. 
  160. ^ Boggioni, Tom. 'I got a guy': Bill Maher predicts 2020 Democratic presidential candidate if they don't 'f*ck it up'. The Raw Story. March 18, 2017 [August 13, 2017]. 
  161. ^ Wagner, Kurt. Gavin Newsom: 'Being president sounds like the most miserable job in the world'. Recode. November 15, 2016 [January 6, 2017]. 
  162. ^ Debenedetti, Gabriel. Gavin Newsom Has More Important Things to Do Than Run for President. New York. October 25, 2018 [October 25, 2018]. 
  163. ^ Cadelago, Christopher. Gavin Newsom endorses Kamala Harris for president. Politico. February 15, 2019 [February 15, 2019]. 
  164. ^ Conway, Madeline. For mourning Democrats, Michelle Obama offers hope. Politico. January 23, 2017. 
  165. ^ Earl, Jennifer. Michelle Obama responds to someone asking her to run for president in 2020. CBS News. November 10, 2016 [March 15, 2017]. 
  166. ^ Melissa Quinn. Martin O'Malley keeping an 'open heart and open mind' about running for president in 2020. Washington Examiner. April 3, 2018 [January 26, 2019]. 
  167. ^ @MartinOMalley. I will not be running for President in 2020. (推文). January 3, 2019 –通过Twitter. 
  168. ^ Dan Merica. Martin O'Malley rules out 2020 bid, urges Beto O'Rourke to run. CNN. January 3, 2019 [March 10, 2019]. 
  169. ^ Michael Levenson. Deval Patrick says a 2020 presidential run is ‘on my radar screen’. The Boston Globe. March 6, 2018 [January 26, 2019]. 
  170. ^ Levenson, Michael; McGrane, Victoria. Deval Patrick isn't running for president in 2020, citing 'the cruelty of our elections process'. The Boston Globe. December 5, 2018 [December 6, 2018]. 
  171. ^ Fouriezos, Nick. Is this Blue Apron Investor Aiming for the White House on a Poverty Platform?. OZY. November 30, 2018 [January 12, 2019]. 
  172. ^ Garofoli, Joe. Taking On Trump: Democrats Lining Up Early for 2020. San Francisco Chronicle. December 14, 2018 [January 12, 2019]. 
  173. ^ Sanberg, Joe. I will support whoever is the Democratic nominee for President in 2020!. Twitter. February 8, 2019. 
  174. ^ Levine, Jon. President Scarborough? New Interview Says Joe 'Didn't Rule Out' Interest In White House Run. Mediaite. July 24, 2017 [August 21, 2017]. 
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  176. ^ Nuzzi, Olivia. Joe Scarborough, Mika Brzezinski, & Trump: A Love Story. New York. July 23, 2017 [July 25, 2017]. 
  177. ^ Alison King; Karla Rendon-Alvarez. U.S. Rep. Adam Schiff Says He's Not Running for President During NH Stop. NECN. February 4, 2019 [February 4, 2019] （美国英语）. 
  178. ^ Schwartz, Brian. Former Starbucks CEO Howard Schultz assembles an elite PR team as he considers running for president. CNBC. November 9, 2018 [December 5, 2018]. 
  179. ^ Allen, Mike. Howard Schultz hits the road. Axios. October 2, 2018 [December 5, 2018]. 
  180. ^ Dovere, Edward-Isaac. Ex–Starbucks CEO Could Get Trump Re-elected. The Atlantic. January 26, 2019. 
  181. ^ The Audacity of Howard Schultz. Fortune. [March 11, 2019] （英语）. 
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  183. ^ Re, Gregg. Tom Steyer, billionaire anti-Trump activist, says he won't run for president but vows $40M impeachment push. Fox News. January 9, 2019 [January 10, 2019] （美国英语）. 
  184. ^ Drake, Phil. Tester says he won't run for president. Great Falls Tribune. December 3, 2018 [December 6, 2018]. 
  185. ^ Killer Mike Likes Oprah Winfrey, But Picks Ohio Politician for President. TMZ. January 12, 2018 [January 13, 2018]. 
  186. ^ An Interview With Nina Turner. Jacobin. 
  187. ^ Former Ohio Sen. Nina Turner to serve as co-chair of Bernie Sanders campaign. Cleveland. [March 10, 2019]. 
  188. ^ Picket, Kerry. Maxine Waters: I'll Run For President If Millennials Want Me To. The Daily Caller. July 20, 2017 [July 21, 2017]. 
  189. ^ Estepa, Jessica. Rep. Maxine Waters says she isn't running for president. USA Today. August 4, 2017 [January 21, 2018]. 
  190. ^ Oppenheim, Maya. Oprah Winfrey considers 2020 Presidential run in wake of Donald Trump's win. The Independent. March 3, 2017 [March 15, 2017]. 
  191. ^ Marie Segarra, Lisa. Sorry, Oprah Fans. She's Not Running for President in 2020. Time. January 25, 2018 [January 25, 2018]. 
  192. ^ Oprah Winfrey: I don't want to run for US president. BBC. November 1, 2018 [November 3, 2018]. 
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  205. ^ Zack Budryk. Booker, O'Rourke, Castro to attend women of color forum. The Hill. March 26, 2019 [March 26, 2019]. 
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  211. ^ WSAZ News Staff. State Senator Richard Ojeda to run for President in 2020. Huntington, West Virginia: WSAZ-TV. November 11, 2018 [December 5, 2018]. 
  212. ^ Thompson, Alex. Oprah pal and spirituality guru plans 2020 run. Politico. November 16, 2018 [March 11, 2019]. 
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