主體-客體問題
主體-客體問題是一個長期存在、關於人類經驗分析的哲學論題,產生於這樣一個前提:世界由客體(實體)組成,主體(觀察者)知覺或假定客體作為實體存在。這種對經驗的劃分的導致了主體是怎樣與客體相聯繫的問題。在這個問題下有一個重要的子問題,被稱為他心問題:我們自己的心靈怎樣與其他心靈相聯繫,如何對待我們對自我經驗的感知和對全體其他人類的經驗的感知之間的根本性差異。[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22]
主體-客體問題有兩個主要的方面。第一個方面是什麼被認識的問題。本體論涉及如下的問題:什麼實體存在或可以說是存在,這樣的實體怎樣根據相似和差異分類。第二個方面是一個人如何知道他認識了什麼的問題。認識論研究什麼是知識,如何得到知識,以及認識一個給定的實體有多大的可能。認識論的研究對象包括主體和客體。
參考資料
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