葉䗛屬
葉䗛屬(學名:Phyllium)也稱葉蟲,是竹節蟲目(䗛目)葉竹節蟲科(葉䗛科)的一屬。主要分佈於東半球的熱帶和亞熱帶地區。[1]本屬目前記錄約31種[2],是葉竹節蟲科中種類最多的一屬。
葉䗛屬![]() | |
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菲律賓葉䗛(Phyllium philippinicum) | |
科學分類 ![]() | |
界: | 動物界 Animalia |
門: | 節肢動物門 Arthropoda |
綱: | 昆蟲綱 Insecta |
目: | 竹節蟲目 Phasmatodea |
科: | 葉竹節蟲科 Phylliidae |
族: | 葉䗛族 Phylliini |
屬: | 葉䗛屬 Phyllium Illiger, 1798 |
異名 | |
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![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Phyllium_jacobsoni_-_pair.jpg/220px-Phyllium_jacobsoni_-_pair.jpg)
形態特徵
編輯葉䗛屬於一種大型昆蟲,體型寬扁,通體多為綠色,但也有其他色型,脈紋清晰,外型擬態模仿樹葉。頭部呈橢圓形,頭頂稍扁平,光滑或距顆粒。眼部為半球形。雄蟲觸角發達,側扁,櫛狀或鋸齒形,被長軟毛,向後越達腹部中央;雌蟲觸角短棒狀,一般較短。口器為咀嚼式。前胸較短,近於三角形。前翅革質,雄蟲較窄短,雌蟲發達,幾乎蓋滿腹部;後翅膜質、透明,雄蟲發達,雌蟲常退化或消失。[1]
葉䗛屬中本來種類眾多,並且分為四個亞屬,葉䗛亞屬、麗葉䗛亞屬、飾葉䗛亞屬、舞葉䗛亞屬 ,但2021因為分子生物學以及生物地理學上的證據,陸續將這之中的一些物種挪出,像是葉䗛亞屬之中的一些物種移到新屬隱葉䗛屬 (Cryptophyllium)之下[3],麗葉䗛亞屬、飾葉䗛亞屬、舞葉䗛亞屬也各提升為屬級,麗葉䗛屬(Pulchriphyllium)、飾葉䗛屬(Comptaphyllium)、舞葉䗛屬(Walaphyllium)[4],因此目前葉䗛屬底下已無亞屬之分類單元。
分類
編輯目前葉䗛屬共有31種[2]:
- Phyllium (Phyllium) antonkozlovi Cumming, 2017
- Phyllium (Phyllium) arthurchungi Seow-Choen, 2016
- Phyllium (Phyllium) bilobatum Gray, 1843
- Phyllium (Phyllium) bonifacioi Lit & Eusebio, 2014
- Phyllium (Phyllium) bourquei Cumming & Le Tirant, 2017
- Phyllium (Phyllium) bradleri Seow-Choen, 2017
- Phyllium (Phyllium) brossardi Cumming, Le Tirant & Teemsma, 2017
- Phyllium (Phyllium) chenqiae Seow-Choen, 2017
- Phyllium conlei Cumming, Valero & Teemsma, 2018
- 卡氏葉䗛 Phyllium (Phyllium) cummingi Seow-Choen, 2017
- 優雅葉䗛 Phyllium (Phyllium) elegans Grösser, 1991[5]
- 艾瑞克葉䗛 Phyllium (Phyllium) ericoriai Hennemann, Conle, Gottardo & Bresseel, 2009
- Phyllium (Phyllium) fallorum Cumming, 2017[6]
- 甘通山葉䗛 Phyllium (Phyllium) gantungense Hennemann, Conle, Gottardo & Bresseel, 2009
- 加爾達葉䗛 Phyllium gardabagusi Cumming, Bank, Le Tirant & Bradler, 2020
- Phyllium (Phyllium) hausleithneri Brock, 1999[5]
- 雅各氏葉䗛 Phyllium (Phyllium) jacobsoni Rehn & Rehn, 1934
- 麗緹葉䗛 Phyllium (Phyllium) letiranti Cumming & Teemsma, 2018[5]
- Phyllium longicorne Latreille, 1802
- Phyllium (Phyllium) mabantai Bresseel, Hennemann, Conle & Gottardo, 2009
- Phyllium (Pulchriphyllium) maethoraniae Delfosse, 2015[7]
- Phyllium (Phyllium) mamasaense Grösser, 2008
- Phyllium (Phyllium) mindorense Hennemann, Conle, Gottardo & Bresseel, 2009
- Phyllium nisus Cumming, Bank, Le Tirant & Bradler, 2020
- 巴拉望葉䗛 Phyllium (Phyllium) palawanense Grösser, 2001
- 菲律賓葉䗛 Phyllium (Phyllium) philippinicum Hennemann, Conle, Gottardo & Bresseel, 2009
- Phyllium (Phyllium) rayongii Thanasinchayakul, 2006
- Phyllium (Phyllium) rubrum Cumming, Le Tirant & Teemsma, 2018[5]
- Phyllium saltonae Cumming, Baker, Le Tirant & Marshall, 2020
- Phyllium (Phyllium) siccifolium (Linnaeus, 1758)
- Phyllium (Phyllium) telnovi Brock, 2014
- 托貝洛葉䗛 Phyllium (Phyllium) tobeloense Grösser, 2007
- Phyllium (Phyllium) woodi Rehn & Rehn, 1934
參考文獻
編輯- ^ 1.0 1.1 劉勝利. 中国叶螩属记述(竹节虫目:叶螩科)[J]. 昆蟲分類學報. 1993, 18 (2): 202–210 [2021-04-27]. (原始內容存檔於2021-04-27).
- ^ 2.0 2.1 Phasmida Species File. [2021-06-22]. (原始內容存檔於2021-05-07).
- ^ Royce T. Cumming, Sarah Bank, Joachim Bresseel, Jérôme Constant, Stéphane Le Tirant, Zhiwei Dong, Gontran Sonet, Sven Bradler. Cryptophyllium, the hidden leaf insects – descriptions of a new leaf insect genus and thirteen species from the former celebicum species group (Phasmatodea, Phylliidae). ZooKeys. 2021, (1018): 1-179 [2021-08-17]. (原始內容存檔於2021-06-29).
- ^ (PDF) A tree of leaves: Phylogeny and historical biogeography of the leaf insects (Phasmatodea: Phylliidae). ResearchGate. [2021-08-17]. (原始內容存檔於2021-08-17) (英語).
- ^ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 Sarah Bank, Royce T. Cumming, Yunchang Li, Katharina Henze, Stéphane Le Tirant and Sven Bradler. 2021. A Tree of Leaves: Phylogeny and Historical Biogeography of the Leaf Insects (Phasmatodea: Phylliidae). Communications Biology. 4: 932. DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02436-z
- ^ Royce T. Cumming. 2017. A New Species of Phyllium (Phyllium) Illiger, 1798 from Mindanao, Philippines (Phasmida, Phylliidae). Zootaxa. 4303(2); 297–300. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4303.2.10
- ^ Emmanuel Delfosse. 2015. A New Giant Leaf Insect Species of the Genus Phyllium from Thailand (Phasmatodea, Phylliidae). Bulletin de la Société entomologique de France. 120(3); 411-415.