小油櫛蟲
小油栉虫科的一属节肢动物
小油櫛蟲（學名：Olenellus）是生存於寒武紀第二世第四期的一屬三葉蟲，是目前發現最古老的三葉蟲品種之一。這類原始的三葉蟲生活在海底，不怎麼活躍。牠們的尾部較小，頭及眼大，並有眾多長有棘刺的胸節，其中一節特別顯眼。胸部呈錐狀、往後逐漸變小。頭甲周圍有一圈窄小的縫，與頰刺連成一體。外骨骼的護膜很薄。牠們沒有背部表面的骨縫——這是其他三葉蟲擁有的特徵。[1]
小油櫛蟲屬 化石時期：寒武紀
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|---|---|
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| Olenellus thompsoni | |
科學分類 
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| 界： | 動物界 Animalia |
| 門： | 節肢動物門 Arthropoda |
| （未分級）： | †類肢類 Artiopoda |
| 綱： | †三葉蟲綱 Trilobita |
| 目： | †萊得利基蟲目 Redlichiida |
| 科： | †小油櫛蟲科 Olenellidae |
| 亞科： | †小油櫛蟲亞科 Olenellinae |
| 屬： | †小油櫛蟲屬 Olenellus Billings, 1861 |
| 模式種 | |
| Olenellus thompsoni (Hall, 1859)
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| 種 | |
物種
編輯- Olenellus agellus Resser & Howell, 1938[2]
- Olenellus chiefensis Palmer, 1998[3]
- Olenellus clarki (Resser, 1928),[2] 異名 Paedeumias clarki
- Olenellus crassimarginatus Walcott, 1910,[2] 異名 O. thompsoni crassimarginatus, O. wanneri, O. latilimbatus
- Olenellus fowleri Palmer, 1998[3]
- Olenellus getzi Dunbar, 1925,[2] 異名 O. alius, O. peculiaris
- Olenellus howelli Meek, 1874[3]
- Olenellus nevadensis (Walcott, 1910),[2] 異名 Paedeumias nevadensis, Callavia nevadensis
- Olenellus parvofrontatus Fritz, 1991[2]
- Olenellus puertoblancoensis Lochman, 1952[2]
- Olenellus robsonensis Burling, 1916,[2] 異名 Paedeumias robsonensis
- Olenellus roddyi Resser & Howell, 1938,[2] 異名 O. similaris, O. nodosus, O. nitidus, O. jonasae, Paedeumias glabrum, P. yorkense, P. eboracense
- Olenellus romensis Resser & Howell, 1938,[2] 異名 O. buttsi
- Olenellus terminatus Palmer, 1998[3]
- Olenellus thompsoni (Hall, 1859)[2][4]
- Olenellus transitans (Walcott, 1910),[2] 異名 O. brachycephalus, Paedeumias perkinsi
重新分配的物種
編輯以下的物種現時已被置入其他屬。
- Olenellus alabamensis = Fremontella halli
- Olenellus altifrontatus = Bolbolenellus altifrontatus
- Olenellus argentus[5] pl. 40, fig 12, 13, 15, 16, non fig. 14 = Grandinasus argentus
- Olenellus argentus[5] pl. 40, fig 14, non fig. 12, 13, 15, 16 = Holmiella falx
- Olenellus bondoni = Fallotaspis bondoni
- Olenellus bonnensis = Mesonacis bonnensis
- Olenellus brevoculus = Mesonacis bonnensis
- Olenellus broegeri = Callavia broegeri
- Olenellus bristolensis = Bristolia bristolensis
- Olenellus bristolensis[6] p. 8. fig 1-11, non pl. 7, fig 1, 2, 5 = Bristolia harringtoni
- Olenellus bufrontis = Bolbolenellus sphaerulosus
- Olenellus callavei = Callavonia callavei
- Olenellus cylindricus = Mesonacis cylindricus
- Olenellus eagerensis = Mesonacis eagerensis
- Olenellus euryparia = Bolbolenellus euryparia
- Olenellus forresti = Redlichia forresti
- Olenellus fremonti[5] pl. 15, fig. 18 = Bristolia fragilis
- Olenellus fremonti[5] pl. 37, fig. 1, 4-5 = Bolbolenellus euryparia
- Olenellus fremonti[5] pl. 37, fig. 1-2 = Mesonacis fremonti
- Olenellus georgiensis,[7] p. 220, pl. 5, fig. 7, non fig. 6 = Mesonacis vermontanus
- Olenellus gigas = Andalusiana cornuta
- Olenellus gilberti = Bristolia bristolensis
- Olenellus groenlandicus = Bolbolenellus groenlandicus
- Olenellus halli = Fremontella halli
- Olenellus hamoculus = Mesonacis hamoculus
- Olenellus hermani = Bolbolenellus hermani
- Olenellus hyperboreus = Mesolenellus hyperboreus
- Olenellus insolens = Bristolia insolens
- Olenellus intermedius = Fritzolenellus lapworthi or F. reticulatus
- Olenellus kentensis = Bolbolenellus groenlandicus
- Olenellus lapworthi = Fritzolenellus lapworthi
- Olenellus laxocules = Elliptocephala laxocules
- Olenellus logani = Elliptocephala logani
- Olenellus mickwitzi = Schmidtiellus mickwitzi mickwitzi
- Olenellus mohavensis = Bristolia mohavensis
- Olenellus multinodus = Nephrolenellus multinodus
- Olenellus paraocules = Elliptocephala paraocules
- Olenellus praenuntius = Elliptocephala praenuntius
- Olenellus reticulatus = Fritzolenellus reticulatus
- Olenellus sequomalus = Elliptocephala sequomalus
- Olenellus sphaerulosus = Bolbolenellus sphaerulosus
- Olenellus svalbardensis = Mesolenellus svalbardensis
- Olenellus terranovicus = Mesonacis bonnensis
- Olenellus torelli = Schmidtiellus mickwitzi torelli
- Olenellus truemani[8] = Elliptocephala walcotti
- Olenellus truemani[9] = Fritzolenellus truemani
- Olenellus truncatooculatus = Mummaspis truncatooculatus
- Olenellus vermontanus = Mesonacis vermontanus
- Olenellus walcottanus = Wanneria walcottana
圖片
編輯-
Olenellus thompsoni的復原圖 -
Olenellus fowleri -
Olenellus fowleri -
吉伯特氏小油櫛蟲（Olenellus gilberti） -
Olenellus roddyi -
Olenellus chiefensis -
Olenellus clarki -
Olenellus nevadensis -
Olenellus terminatus
參考文獻
編輯- ^ Walker, Cyril; Ward, David. Fossils. Smithsonian Handbooks revised, illustrated. Dorling Kindersley. 2002: 56. ISBN 0789489848.
- ^ 2.00 2.01 2.02 2.03 2.04 2.05 2.06 2.07 2.08 2.09 2.10 2.11 Lieberman, B.S. Systematic Revision of the Olenelloidea (Trilobita, Cambrian) (PDF). Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History. 1999, 45 [2017-11-29]. （原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2016-06-24）.
- ^ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Palmer, A.R. Terminal Early Cambrian Extinction of the Olenellina: Documentation from the Pioche Formation, Nevada. Journal of Paleontology. 1998, 72 (4): 650–672. JSTOR 1306693.
- ^ Cowie, J.; McNamara, K.J. Olenellus (Trilobita) from the Lower Cambrian Strata of North-West Scotland (PDF). Palaeontology. 1978, 21 (3): 615–634 [2017-11-29]. （原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2012-05-26）.
- ^ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 Walcott, C.D., Olenellus and other genera of the Mesonacidae, Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, 1910, 63 (6): 231–422
- ^ Riccio, J.F., The Lower Cambrian Olenellidae of the Marble Mountains, California, Bulletin of the Californian Academy of Sciences, 1952, 51: 25–49
- ^ Resser, C.E.; Howell, B.F., Lower Cambrian Olenellus zone of the Appalachians, Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, 1938, 49: 195–248
- ^ Fritz, W.H., Lower Cambrian Trilobites from the Sekwi Formation type section, Mackenzie Mountains, northwestern Canada, Bulletin of the Canadian Geological Survey, 1972, 212: 1–90
- ^ Walcott, C.D., Cambrian geology and paleontology, No. 11, New Lower Cambrian subfauna, Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, 1913, 67 (11): 309–326