維基百科

日本會議

日本會議是日本最大的極端民族主義[12][13][14]、極右派[15]的非政府組織和遊說團體[16][17][18][19]。它成立於1997年，擁有約40,000名成員[20]。該組織在日本政府的立法和行政機構具有影響力[18][21]。日本前首相安倍晉三曾擔任日本會議的特別顧問[17]。該組織的目標是推動修改日本國憲法[22]，廢除日本國憲法第九條[23]，促進日本愛國主義教育，支持日本官員參拜靖國神社[24][25][26][27]。

日本會議
成立時間1997年5月30日，​27年前​（1997-05-30）
創始人冢本幸一（英語：Koichi Tsukamoto）
創始地日本東京
併入日本保護協會、日本守護國民協會
類型極右翼組織
總部 日本東京
地址
會員
40,000
重要人物
安東巌
目標
網站www.nipponkaigi.org

成立歷程

編輯

1997年5月30日，統合守護日本的集會和守護日本的國民會議成立[28]。

1974年4月，圓覺寺管長朝比奈宗源呼籲神道·佛教界的新宗教成立守護日本集會，針對政治課題開展了各種保守的政治運動。

保衛日本的國民會議成立於1981年10月。根據曾擔任大法院院長的石田和外等人的號召，以經濟界人士、學者爲中心，以制定元號法爲目的，於1978年7月成立的元號法制化實現國民會議爲基礎，對其進行了改組。[29]

活動和主張

編輯

重建美麗的日本和建設一個值得驕傲的國家，並提議進行政策建議和國民運動。主要的活動和主張有以下幾種：

  • 皇室
    • 以男系穩定繼承皇位爲目的的皇室典範修訂。
    • 皇室到地方行幸啓時的奉迎活動。
  • 憲法
    • 制定代替現行憲法的新憲法。[30]
  • 教育
    • 糾正學校教科書中的「自虐」和「反國家」描述
    • 制定《家庭教育基本法》，以「父母學習」為基礎，對父母進行再教育，消除欺淩行為等。
    • 糾正「權利偏見教育特別過重」
    • 糾正「自虐歷史教育，以邪惡的方式破壞日本歷史」
    • 糾正「無性別教育猖獗」
    • 促進學校升國旗和唱國歌運動
    • 教育委員會制度改革
    • 制定《新教育基本法》，包括「公共思想」、「愛國主義」和「豐富的情感」教育
    • 制定《國旗國歌法》
  • 國防
    • 修訂《日本海上保安廳法》
    • 制定法律，確定自衛隊在和平時期在區域安全中的作用
    • 通過修改《自衛隊法》等方式制定「緊急情況立法」
  • 歷史認知
    • 上一場戰爭是解放東亞的戰爭[31]，日本政府的道歉外交被日本人民指責為蔑視日本的歷史和陣亡將士[30]。
    • 「隨軍慰安婦」不是強迫綁架，而是公娼制度，「南京大屠殺」也不存在[31]。
  • 靖國神社
    • 日本首相正式參拜神社。
    • 反對建造無宗教的「國家紀念設施」，以取代神社。
  • 促進婦女全國運動[32]
    • 反對夫妻別姓[33]
    • 反對《兩性平等條例》

參考文獻

編輯
  1. ^ Nippon Kaigi: The ultra-nationalistic group trying to restore the might of the Japanese Empire. ABC新聞. 8 July 2020 [3 December 2015]. （原始內容存檔於2021-11-20）. Nippon Kaigi, or Japan Conference, is an ultra-right-wing lobby group reshaping Japanese politics. 
  2. ^ Abe's cabinet reshuffle. East Asia Forum. 14 September 2019 [2021-07-23]. （原始內容存檔於2021-03-08）. Abe also rewarded right-wing politicians who are close to him — so-called 『ideological friends』 who are being increasingly pushed to the forefront of his administration — such as LDP Executive Acting Secretary-General Koichi Hagiuda who was appointed Education Minister. As a member of the ultranationalist Nippon Kaigi (Japan Conference), which seeks to promote patriotic education, he can be considered 『reliable’ as the government’s policy leader on national education. 
  3. ^ Japanese minister becomes first in two years to visit Tokyo's controversial Yasukuni Shrine. 南華早報. 17 October 2019 [5 June 2020]. （原始內容存檔於2021-11-25）. Eto is serving in his first cabinet position and is a member of the ultranationalist Nippon Kaigi organisation, whose aims are to revise the 「national consciousness」 surrounding the prosecution of Japan’s war criminals and to change the nation’s pacifist constitution implemented after the war. The group also promotes 「愛國主義 education」. 
  4. ^ Michal Kolmas (編). National Identity and Japanese Revisionism. 勞特里奇. 2019 [2021-07-23]. ISBN 9781351334396. （原始內容存檔於2023-01-13）. ... and foreign policy are rightwing revisionists organized in groups such as the ultranationalist Nippon Kaigi ... 
  5. ^ Ugo Dessì (編). Japanese Religions and Globalization. 勞特里奇. 2013: 146 [2021-07-23]. ISBN 9780415811705. （原始內容存檔於2023-01-13）. 
  6. ^ In rare move, court suspends publication of best-seller on Abe-linked conservative lobby group. The Japan Times (Kyodo). 7 January 2017 [5 June 2020]. （原始內容存檔於2021-11-26）. A Tokyo court has ordered a publisher to suspend publication of a best-selling nonfiction book detailing links between the conservative Japan Conference (Nippon Kaigi) lobby and a religious group, saying it contains defamatory information. 
  7. ^ Newsham, Grant. Japan's conservative Nippon Kaigi lobby: Worth worrying about?. Asia Times (Tokyo). 19 July 2016 [5 June 2020]. （原始內容存檔於2021-07-23）. TOKYO–The recent spate of western media articles on Nippon Kaigi – a conservative Japanese lobbying group (and somewhat akin to a 「Political Action Committee」 in America) associated with Prime Minister Abe — suggests Japan is heading for a police state, and soon afterwards will be looking overseas for somewhere to invade. 
  8. ^ White, Stanley; Kajimoto, Tetsushi. Japan PM, finance minister under fire over suspected cover-up of cronyism. Reuters (Tokyo). 12 March 2018 [5 June 2020]. （原始內容存檔於2021-07-23）. Also removed was a reference to ties by Abe and Aso to a conservative lobby group, Nippon Kaigi. 
  9. ^ Yamaguchi, Tomomi. Revisionism, Ultranationalism, Sexism: Relations Between the Far Right and the Establishment Over the 'Comfort Women' Issue. Social Science Japan Journal. 2018, 21 (2): 193–212 [7 September 2021]. doi:10.1093/ssjj/jyy014. （原始內容存檔於2021-11-15）. 
  10. ^ Larsson, Ernils. Abe's cabinet reshuffle reflects growing influence of the religious right. East Asia Forum. 3 December 2014 [7 September 2021]. （原始內容存檔於2021-11-15）. 
  11. ^ Yul Sohn, T. J. Pempel (編). Japan and Asia's Contested Order: The Interplay of Security, Economics, and Identity. 施普林格科學+商業媒體. 2018: 148 [2021-07-23]. ISBN 9789811302565. （原始內容存檔於2021-12-03）. the reactionary group Nippon Kaigi (Japan Conference)—has been waging war over its shared past with China and South Korea on battlegrounds ranging from Yasukuni Shrine to the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). 
  12. ^ Japan emperor greets at celebration hosted by conservatives. ABC新聞. 8 July 2020 [9 November 2019]. （原始內容存檔於2021-11-20）. Abe's key ultra-conservative supporter, Nippon Kaigi, or Japan Conference, was among the organizers Saturday. 
  13. ^ Ultra-nationalist school linked to Japanese PM accused of hate speech. 衛報. 8 July 2020 [15 March 2017]. （原始內容存檔於2021-10-27）. Abe and Kagoike, who has indicated he will resign as principal, both belong to an ultra-conservative lobby group whose members include more than a dozen cabinet ministers. 
  14. ^ Tokyo's new governor defies more than glass ceiling. 德國之聲. 8 July 2020 [2 August 2016]. （原始內容存檔於2021-11-20）. In 2008, she made an unsuccessful run at the LDP's chairmanship. Following her defeat, she worked to build an internal party network and became involved in a revisionist group of lawmakers that serves as the mouthpiece of the ultraconservative Nippon Kaigi ("Japan Conference") movement. 
  15. ^ "The Dangerous Impact of the Far-Right in Japan" （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）. Washington Square News. 15 April 2019. Another sign of the rise of the uyoku dantai’s ideas is the growing power of the Nippon Kaigi. The organization is the largest far-right group in Japan and has heavy lobbying clout with the conservative LDP; 18 of the 20 members of Shinzo Abe’s cabinet were once members of the group.
  16. ^ Nippon Kaigi: Empire, Contradiction, and Japan’s Future 互聯網檔案館的存檔，存檔日期12 September 2018..
  17. ^ 17.0 17.1 Right side up （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）, 6 June 2015, The Economist.
  18. ^ 18.0 18.1 Norihiro Kato. Tea Party Politics in Japan. New York Times. 12 September 2014. （原始內容存檔於7 July 2019）. 
  19. ^ 國民運動の歩み « 日本會議 （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）（日語）
  20. ^ Yoshio Sugimoto (編). An Introduction to Japanese Society. 劍橋大學出版社. 2020: 242 [2021-07-23]. ISBN 9781108724746. （原始內容存檔於2021-04-11）. Nippon Kaigi Parts of the Japanese establishment have ties with a large far-right voluntary organization, Nippon Kaigi (Japan Conference), whose ranks include grassroots members across the nation as well as national and local politicians ... 
  21. ^ Matthew Penney, Abe Cabinet – An Ideological Breakdown （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）, The Asia-Pacific Journal: Japan Focus. 28 January 2013
  22. ^ "The Quest for Japan's New Constitution: An Analysis of Visions and Constitutional Reform Proposals 1980–2009" p.75 (Christian G. Winkler, Routledge Contemporary Japan Series, 2011)
  23. ^ "Politics and pitfalls of Japan Ethnography" – page 66 – Routledge (18 June 2009) – Edited by Jennifer Robertson
  24. ^ Mullins, Mark R. (2012).
  25. ^ about Nippon Kaigi （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館） (Japanese)
  26. ^ Rightist ministers make up 80% of Abe Cabinet （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）, Japan Press Weekly – 5 January 2012
  27. ^ Daiki Shibuichi (2008).
  28. ^ 塚田, 穂高. 「日本会議と宗教―宗教と現代がわかる本 2016」. 平凡社. 2016. 
  29. ^ Domain Unavailable!. theplatnews.com. [2022-07-19]. （原始內容存檔於2016-02-25）. 
  30. ^ 30.0 30.1 日本会議がめざすもの « 日本会議. www.nipponkaigi.org. [2022-07-19]. （原始內容存檔於2022-08-02）. 
  31. ^ 31.0 31.1 Ultra-nationalistic group trying to restore the might of the Japanese Empire. ABC News. 2015-12-02 [2022-07-19]. （原始內容存檔於2015-12-03） （澳大利亞英語）. 
  32. ^ 日本会議の活動方針 « 日本会議. www.nipponkaigi.org. [2022-07-19]. （原始內容存檔於2022-08-02）. 
  33. ^ [外国人参政権/夫婦別姓] 二法案反対を！　（チラシ・署名のご案内） « 日本会議. www.nipponkaigi.org. [2022-07-19]. （原始內容存檔於2022-07-19）. 

外部連結

編輯
取自 "https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=日本会议&oldid=85004587"