板層小體

板層小體又名板層顆粒、被膜顆粒、Odland小體等，是皮膚棘層上部和顆粒層細胞內的富含脂質的泡管狀分泌細胞器，直徑100 ~ 300 nm，板層小體也存在於肺、胃、支氣管、口腔中。板層小體將脂質β-防禦素釋放到細胞外空間，肺泡中的板層體與細胞膜融合，其釋放到細胞外空間的物質作為肺表面活性物質。^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]

Red arrows indicate secreted lamellar bodies, and green arrows indicate lamellar bodies in the cytoplasm. Scale bar = 200 nm.

肺部板層小體

肺泡表面細胞不斷合成和釋放含有各種脂質、磷脂和蛋白質的板層小體，這些分泌的物質作為肺表面活性物質，在細胞膜的薄水相上以磷脂和脂蛋白的複合膜的形式擴散至整個肺泡內表面。^[4]肺表面活性物質降低了空氣-上皮界面的表面張力，有助於防止肺泡在呼氣時塌陷。1964年，John Balis使用透無線電子顯微鏡（一種當時相對較新的超微結構解析工具）識別出II型肺泡細胞中的層狀小體，並進一步注意到，當它們通過胞吐作用遷移到肺泡表面時，層狀小體的內容物會均勻地展開並沿着肺泡的周圍擴散，從而降低表面張力，以及降低所需的肺泡擴張力。^[6]

表皮的板層小體

在表皮的棘層和顆粒層中，角質形成細胞分泌板層小體，形成一含脂質的不透水膜，起到水屏障的作用，這種機制維持皮膚屏障有重要意義。細胞間脂質主要由50%神經酰胺、25%膽固醇、15%游離脂肪酸以及少量磷脂組成，此類疏水性脂質基質有助於阻止水和電解質的丟失。^[5]

患有Netherton綜合症（英語：Netherton syndrome）（一種以慢性炎症和普遍的瘙癢為特徵的皮膚疾病）的病人表皮中，層狀小體的分泌和脂質結構異常。^[7]^[8]

參考文獻

^ Ishida-Yamamoto, Akemi; Kishibe, Mari. Involvement of corneodesmosome degradation and lamellar granule transportation in the desquamation process. Medical Molecular Morphology. 23 March 2011, 44 (1): 1–6. PMID 21424930. S2CID 320940. doi:10.1007/s00795-010-0513-4.
^ Tortora and Derrickson, Gerard J. and Bryan H. Principles of anatomy and physiology 13th. Hoboken, N.J.: Wiley. 2011: 158. ISBN 978-0-470-64608-3.
^ Barton, Gregory; Weaver, Casey; Berg, Leslie J.; Janeway, Charles A. Innate Immunity: The First Lines of Defense. Janeway's immunobiology 10th edition, international student edition. New York, NY London: W.W. Norton & Company. 2022. ISBN 978-0-393-68093-5.
^ ^4.0 ^4.1 Anthony L. Mescher, PhD. Junqueira's Basic Histology. McGraw-Hill Education. : 364–369. ISBN 978-1-26-002618-4.
^ ^5.0 ^5.1 耿清偉; 宋秀祖. 板层小体在皮肤渗透屏障形成中的作用. 中華皮膚科雜誌. 2018-02-15, 51 (2). ISSN 0412-4030. doi:10.3760/cma.j.issn.0412-4030.2018.02.027 （中文）.
^ Balis, J.U.; Conen, P.E. The Role of Alveolar Inclusion Bodies in the Developing Lung. Lab Invest. 1964, 13: 1215–29. PMID 14212352.
^ Entry - #256500 - NETHERTON SYNDROME; NETH - OMIM NETHERTON SYNDROME; NETH. omim.org. [2024-07-30] （英語）.
^ Fartasch, Manigé; Williams, Mary L.; Elias, Peter M. Altered Lamellar Body Secretion and Stratum Corneum Membrane Structure in Netherton Syndrome: Differentiation From Other Infantile Erythrodermas and Pathogenic Implications. Archives of Dermatology. 1999-07-01, 135 (7). ISSN 0003-987X. doi:10.1001/archderm.135.7.823 （英語）.

外部連結

[pmid21424930-1] Ishida-Yamamoto, Akemi; Kishibe, Mari. Involvement of corneodesmosome degradation and lamellar granule transportation in the desquamation process. Medical Molecular Morphology. 23 March 2011, 44 (1): 1–6. PMID 21424930. S2CID 320940. doi:10.1007/s00795-010-0513-4.

[Principles-2] Tortora and Derrickson, Gerard J. and Bryan H. Principles of anatomy and physiology 13th. Hoboken, N.J.: Wiley. 2011: 158. ISBN 978-0-470-64608-3.

[3] Barton, Gregory; Weaver, Casey; Berg, Leslie J.; Janeway, Charles A. Innate Immunity: The First Lines of Defense. Janeway's immunobiology 10th edition, international student edition. New York, NY London: W.W. Norton & Company. 2022. ISBN 978-0-393-68093-5.

[:0-4] 4.0 ^4.1 Anthony L. Mescher, PhD. Junqueira's Basic Histology. McGraw-Hill Education. : 364–369. ISBN 978-1-26-002618-4.

[:1-5] 5.0 ^5.1 耿清偉; 宋秀祖. 板层小体在皮肤渗透屏障形成中的作用. 中華皮膚科雜誌. 2018-02-15, 51 (2). ISSN 0412-4030. doi:10.3760/cma.j.issn.0412-4030.2018.02.027 （中文）.

[6] Balis, J.U.; Conen, P.E. The Role of Alveolar Inclusion Bodies in the Developing Lung. Lab Invest. 1964, 13: 1215–29. PMID 14212352.

[7] Entry - #256500 - NETHERTON SYNDROME; NETH - OMIM NETHERTON SYNDROME; NETH. omim.org. [2024-07-30] （英語）.

[8] Fartasch, Manigé; Williams, Mary L.; Elias, Peter M. Altered Lamellar Body Secretion and Stratum Corneum Membrane Structure in Netherton Syndrome: Differentiation From Other Infantile Erythrodermas and Pathogenic Implications. Archives of Dermatology. 1999-07-01, 135 (7). ISSN 0003-987X. doi:10.1001/archderm.135.7.823 （英語）.

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