2-溴丙烷

化合物

2-溴丙烷是一種有機化合物,化學式為C3H7Br,是丙烷的亞甲基氫被溴取代的產物。它的同分異構體1-溴丙烷。它在2023年被列入IARC第2A類致癌物質。[6]

2-溴丙烷
Ball and stick model of 2-bromopropane
Spacefill model of 2-bromopropane
IUPAC名
2-Bromopropane[1]
別名 異丙基溴、對溴丙烷[2]
識別
CAS號 75-26-3  checkY
PubChem 6358
ChemSpider 6118
SMILES
 
  • CC(C)Br
Beilstein 741852
UN編號 2344
EINECS 200-855-1
RTECS TX4111000
MeSH 2-bromopropane
性質
化學式 C3H7Br
摩爾質量 122.99 g·mol−1
外觀 無色液體
密度 1.32 g·cm−3(15 °C)[3]
1.31 g·cm−3(20 °C)[4]
熔點 −89 °C(184 K)[5]
沸點 59.5 °C(332.6 K)[5]
溶解性 3.2 g L−1 (at 20 °C)
log P 2.136
蒸氣壓 32 kPa(20 °C)
kH 1.0 μmol·Pa−1·mol−1
折光度n
D
1.4251(20 °C,589.3 nm)[4]
黏度 0.4894 mPa·s(20 °C)
熱力學
ΔfHm298K −129 kJ mol−1
ΔcHm −2.0537–−2.0501 MJ mol−1
熱容 135.6 J K mol−1
危險性
GHS危險性符號
《全球化學品統一分類和標籤制度》(簡稱「GHS」)中易燃物的標籤圖案 《全球化學品統一分類和標籤制度》(簡稱「GHS」)中對人體有害物質的標籤圖案
GHS提示詞 危險
H-術語 H225, H360, H373
P-術語 P210, P308+313
NFPA 704
3
2
0
 
相關物質
相關化合物
若非註明,所有數據均出自標準狀態(25 ℃,100 kPa)下。

製備

編輯

2-溴丙烷可由丙烯溴化氫發生親電加成反應得到:[7]

 

異丙醇和溴化試劑(如硫酸-溴化鈉[8]-[9]三溴化磷[10]等)發生溴化反應,也能得到2-溴丙烷。

反應

編輯

2-溴丙烷可以用於合成異丙基化合物,例如在碳酸鉀的存在下,2-溴丙烷和4-羥基苯甲醛乙腈中反應,可以得到4-異丙氧基苯甲醛;[11]碳酸銫作為鹼、四(三苯基膦)鈀作為催化劑,它和呋喃-2-硼酸反應,得到2-異丙基呋喃[12]

它可以和碘化鈉丙酮中發生鹵素交換反應,生成2-碘丙烷[13]它和硫氰酸鈉發生類似反應,生成硫氰酸異丙酯。[14]它也可以和一氟化氯反應,生成2-氟丙烷德語2-Fluorpropan[15]

參考文獻

編輯
  1. ^ 2-bromopropane - Compound Summary. PubChem Compound. USA: National Center for Biotechnology Information. Identification. 27 March 2005 [15 June 2012]. (原始內容存檔於2013-12-14). 
  2. ^ Wilfred L.F. Armarego and Christina Li Lin Chai, Purification of laboratory chemicals, 7th edition, Butterworth-Heinemann, 2013, p. 176頁面存檔備份,存於互聯網檔案館
  3. ^ Timmermans, J.; Martin, F. The work of the International Bureau of Physical-Chemical Standards. III. Study of the physical constants of twenty organic compounds. Journal de Chimie Physique et de Physico-Chimie Biologique, 1928. 25. 411-451. ISSN: 0021-7689.
  4. ^ 4.0 4.1 Afenkov, N. I. Measurement of the specific volumes of a few organic liquids with the help of the sectional dilatometer. Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Khimiya i Khimicheskaya Tekhnologiya, 1958. 6. 128-132. ISSN: 0579-2991.
  5. ^ 5.0 5.1 "PhysProp" data were obtained from Syracuse Research Corporation of Syracuse, New York (US). Retrieved from SciFinder. [2020-07-12]
  6. ^ IARC MONOGRAPHS ON THE IDENTIFICATION OF CARCINOGENIC HAZARDS TO HUMANS. WHO. 2023-12-01 [2023-12-06]. (原始內容存檔於2021-04-05). 
  7. ^ Griesbaum, Karl; Mach, Helmut. Crossover products from joint reactions of alkenes and alkynes with hydrogen halides. Chemische Berichte, 1982. 115 (12): 3818-3829. ISSN: 0009-2940.
  8. ^ 王玉鳳, 王江. 2–溴丙烷合成的研究. 黑龍江日化, 1998, (4): 4-6.
  9. ^ Goshorn, R. H.; Boyd, Thomas; Degering, E. F. Alkyl and alkylene bromides. II. Phosphorus and bromine method. Organic Syntheses, 1941. 1 (2). 36-41. ISSN: 0078-6209.
  10. ^ Mundy, Bradford P.; Stewart, Catherine A. Phosphorus(III) bromide. e-EROS Encyclopedia of Reagents for Organic Synthesis, 2008. pp 1-4. ISBN 978-0-470-84289-8.
  11. ^ Treu, Matthias. Synthesis of Novel Galanthamine Analog Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors via Tandem Cyclization [Dissertation]. 2000. Vienna University of Technology.
  12. ^ Li, Jiuyi; Lu, Lin; Pan, Qi; Ren, Yanwei; Liu, Bo; Yin, Biaolin. Palladium-Catalyzed Dearomatizing Alkoxydiarylation of Furan Rings by Coupling with Arylboronic Acids: Access to Polysubstituted Oxabicyclic Compounds. Advanced Synthesis & Catalysis, 2017. 359 (11): 2001-2007. ISSN: 1615-4150. DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201601437.
  13. ^ Textbook of Practical Organic Chemistry, 5th Edition, Prentice Hall, 1989
  14. ^ Shriner, R. L. Isopropyl thiocyanate. Organic Syntheses, 1931. XI. 92-93. ISSN: 0078-6209. DOI: 10.15227/orgsyn.011.0092.
  15. ^ Morozova, T. V.; Chuvatkin, N. N.; Panteleeva, I. Yu.; Boguslavskaya, L. S. Reactions of chlorine monofluoride. IV. Relative rates of the substitutive fluorination of bromo-substituted alkanes. Hydride and other migrations during fluorination. Zhurnal Organicheskoi Khimii, 1984. 20 (7): 1379-1388. ISSN: 0514-7492.