單倍群C-M217,也稱C2(以前稱C3), 是一個Y染色體DNA單倍群以及單倍群C-M130的下游分支之一。

單倍群C-M217[1]
起源時間50,865 [95% CI 38,317 <-> 61,900] 年前[2]
52,500 或 44,900 年前[3]
48,400 [95% CI 46,000 <-> 50,900] 年前[4]
共祖年代35,383 [95% CI 25,943 <-> 44,092] 年前[2]

34,000 [95% CI 31,500 <-> 36,700] 年前[4]
起源地東亞
上游單倍群單倍群C-M130
對應突變M217, P44, PK2
分佈區域Oroqen 61%[5]-91%,[6] Evenks 44%[6]-71%,[7][8] Ulchi 69%,[9] Kazakhs 33% [10],[11]Buryats 7%[12]-84%,[13]Evens 5%[8]-74%,[14] Mongolians 23.7% [15]-54%,[5] Tanana 42%,[16] -41.18%[17] Nivkhs 38%,[13] Hazaras 35%[18]–40%,[19] Koryaks 33%,[7][8] Daur 31%,[5] Yukaghir 31%,[20] Manchu 30% (8.3% [21] -51.8% [22]) Hezhe 29.6% [23], Sibe 29.3% [24], Dong 28% [25], Tujia 28%[25], Hani 25% [5], North Korean 23% (19% [26]-27% [27]), Altai 22%[14]-24%,[6] Kyrgyz 20%,[18] Uzbeks 20%,[6], South Korean 16% (11.6% [28]-21% [29]), Cheyenne 16%,[16] Apache 15%,[16] Northern Han 14.7% (4.3%-29.6%),[27] Tuvans 11%[30] – 15%,[20] Ainu 12.5%[13]-25%,[14] Hui 11%,[5][6] Sioux 11%,[16] Nogais 14%,[31] Crimean Tatars 9%,[31] Uyghurs 8.27% (0% Urumqi,[5] 0% Turpan area,[27] 2.6% Keriya,[32] 3.1% Lopnur,[32] 6.0%,[14] 6.0% Urumqi area,[27] 6.3% Bortala area,[27] 7.0% Yining area,[27] 7.7% Yili,[5] 8.37% Hetian area,[33] 11.8% Horiqol Township,[32] 16.08% Turpan area[33]), Vietnamese 7.6% (4.3%-12.5%[34]), Tajiks (Afghanistan) 7.6% (3.6%[35]-9.2%[18]), Southern Han 7.1% (0%-23.5%),[27] Tabassarans 7%,[36]Abazinians 7%,[37] Japanese 5.9% (0%[14]-7.8%[38]), Adygei 2.9%,[39] Kabardians 2.4%,[39]Pasthun 2.04%[17]

分佈

編輯

單倍群C-M217起源於東亞,分佈廣泛,西至南歐,北至西伯利亞,東至南美洲,南至海洋東南亞。有兩個主要分支:C2a-L1373和C2b-F1067。

C2a-L1373(原名C2b、C3c)的下游支系主要分佈在蒙古族卡爾梅克族達斡爾族鄂倫春族鄂溫克族鄂溫族通古斯民族、尼夫赫族哈薩克族哈扎拉族滿族等。還分出一支C-P39,主要分佈於美洲[40][41][41][42][43][44][45]

C2b-F1067(原名C2c、C2e)的下游支系主要分佈在漢族滿族朝鮮族布里亞特族苗族土家族侗族瑤族白族等。還分出一支C2b2-CTS4660,主要分佈於嶺南[46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54]

參考文獻

編輯
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外部連結

編輯