極端電影
極端電影（英語：extreme cinema）是指電影的一個子類型，其特點是使用過度的性和暴力，以及含有肢解和酷刑等各種極端的性質。近年來，極端電影專注於類型片，主要是恐怖片和劇情片。
接受
編輯21世紀亞洲電影的日益流行為極端電影的發展做出了貢獻，儘管極端電影仍被視為以恐怖電影為基礎的流派[1]。作為一個相對較新的流派，極端電影備受爭議，並且在主流媒體中普遍不被接受[2]。極端電影的目標是特定而小眾的觀眾群體[3]。
歷史
編輯極端電影的前史可以追溯到對藝術電影的審查以及20世紀上半葉開始在英語市場上進行的經典剝削電影的廣告策略，以及後來對性的自由呈現[4]。
「極端電影」這個名稱源自於一系列亞洲電影，其結合了極端暴力、恐怖和令人震驚的情節等引人注意的特徵[5]。極端電影可以追溯到「亞洲極端」（Asian Extreme），這個術語用於描述日本和其他亞洲電影的過度特性。早期的亞洲極端電影例子包括1998年《午夜凶鈴》和2000年《大逃殺》[6]。
爭議
編輯極端電影受到影評人和公眾的高度批評和爭議。對於這些電影中過度性化的爭議使其成為對「主流」社會標準的威脅[7]。
對於現代電影中暴力的使用的增加也受到了批評。自從70年代血腥砍殺電影的出現以來，極端電影的日益流行導致了大眾媒體中的隨意暴力[8]。一些人批評極端電影讓青少年容易接觸和無意識地將其作為受眾[9]。
著名電影
編輯- 一部塞爾維亞電影[10][11][12] (2010)
- 復仇行動[13] (1974)
- 失落伊甸園[14][15] (2009)
- 再婚觸目驚心[16] (1999)
- 奧斯威辛[17] (2011)
- 土匪女王[18] (1994)
- 受生[17][14](1990)
- 班尼的錄影帶[17] (1992)
- 黑色星期五[19] (2004)
- 鮮血盛宴[17] (1963)
- 羅馬帝國艷情史未分級版[17] (1979)
- 羅馬帝國艷情史……不為人知的故事[20] (1982)
- 人食人實錄[21][22][23][24] (1980)
- 廚師、大盜，他的妻子和她的情人[25] (1989)
- 慾望號快車[17][26] (1996)
- 惡魔[17][27] (1971)
- 狗牙[16] (2009)
- 死亡真面目[20][14] (1979)
- 大快人心[16][28] (1997)
- 戇徒[29] (2010)
- 仇恨[20] (1994)
- 猛鬼追魂[20] (1987)
- 殺手的肖像[30][31] (1986)
- 殺人慾室[20] (2005)
- 殺上癮[32] (2018)
- 人體蜈蚣[20] (2009)
- 我唾棄你的墳墓[20] (1978)
- 殺手阿一 (2001)[33][34]
- 白痴[35] (1998)
- 殘酷女淫魔[20] (1975)
- 感官世界[36] (1976)
- 無可挽回[20] (2002)
- 慾望與智慧[37] (1996)
- 男孩看見血地獄[38] (2009)
- 瘋狂殺手[39][40] (1980)
- 人咬狗[41] (1992)
- 殘酷！女刑罰史[41] (1970)
- 極限：殘殺煉獄[10][12] (2008)
- 掩蔽門限[42][43][44] (2021)
- 沒有女人的國家[45] (2003)
- 瘋狂人生[46][47] (1970)
- 誘惑肌膚[41] (2004)
- 天生殺人狂[48][49] (1994)
- 困惑的浪漫[41][50] (1987)
- 俄狄浦斯王[41] (1967)
- 原罪犯[28][51] (2003)
- 潘奇[52] (2003)
- 受難曲[53][54] (2004)
- 碎塊[55][56] (1982)
- 豬圈[41] (1969)
- 粉紅色火烈鳥[41][57] (1972)
- 恐怖錄影帶[41] (2007)
- 惡夜活死雞[41] (2006)
- 熱血回歸[41] (2008)
- 活跳屍[41] (1985)
- 家靈[58] (2020)
- 迷上癮[41] (2000)
- 復仇女警[59] (2022)
- 哭悲[60] (2021)
- 沙勞[22][61] (1975)
- 恐懼鬥室[62] (2004)
- 病者：鮑勃·弗拉納根的生命與死亡，超級性受虐狂[62] (1997)
- 平安夜[62] (1969)
- 完美物質[63] (2024)
- 循環自殺[33] (2001)
- 甜蜜電影[62] (1974)
- 人體雕像[12] (2006)
- 鐵男1：金屬獸 (1989)[64]
- 性女暴力日記[62] (1973)
- 一條安達魯狗[62] (1929)
- 一個人和他的豬[62] (1974)
- 死路尋死[62] (2012)
著名導演
編輯其他
編輯《迷上癮》和《原罪犯》被BBC評為21世紀百大電影[80]。
作為媒體中的其他例子，可以看到在日漫、電視和電子遊戲中，因為其性質與極端電影相關或受其啟發而呈現出多樣化的表現（例如《烙印勇士》[81]、《權力的遊戲》[82]、《回復術士的重啟人生》[83][84]、2007年《俠盜獵魔2》[85][86]和2018年遊戲《恐懼與飢餓》[87]）。
另見
編輯參考資料
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來源
編輯- Lee, Eunah. 「Trauma, excess, and the aesthetics of the affect: the extreme cinemas of Chan-Wook Park.」 Post Script 2014:33. Literature Resource Center. Web. 7 Feb. 2016.
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