福音主義
福音主義(英語:evangelicalism),源自希臘詞εὐαγγέλιον(euangelion),意為福音、好消息,是一個在不同的歷史時期有不同歷史內涵的神學主張。在宗教改革早期,新教人士將自己的教會稱為「福音教會」,以示自身尊重《聖經》、有別於天主教會[1][2],至今主流新教依然使用這一意涵下的「福音主義」一詞,例如德國的改革宗、信義宗聯合教會德國福音教會與許多稱為「福音路德教會」的信義宗教會就並非是現在常說的「福音派」教會。而現代更常說的「(新)福音主義」、「保守福音主義」(new evangelicalism/conservative evangelicalism),一般是指一個肇始於18世紀、成形於二戰後的神學運動,[3]在近代往往同於信仰上的保守主義(與自由主義神學相對),一般擁有四大特點:強調個人歸信基督(或曰重生);積極地表述和傳播福音;強調聖經的權威,堅信聖經無錯謬;強調與耶穌復活有關的基督教教義。[4]
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Iurd_russia.jpg/220px-Iurd_russia.jpg)
定義
編輯與基要神學
編輯「基要神學」乃是稱呼福音神學中最為激烈跟保守的論點。基要神學與福音派神學兩個名詞若被賦予不同意義時,通常是強調基要神學家已經發展出了嚴謹的論述體系。福音神學較之則是更大範圍的一個通稱,只要符合其基本神學要求的主張都可以被歸作福音神學──通常,立論鬆懈甚至提不出論證而僅止於信仰的基要神學主張會被視為「溫和的福音神學」。
相左主張
編輯參考文獻
編輯- ^ Livingstone, Elizabeth A. The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church 3rd ed. rev. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 2005: 583. ISBN 0-19-280290-9.
- ^ Gerstner, John H. The Theological Boundaries of Evangelical Faith. David P. Wells (編). The Evangelicals. John D. Woodbridge. Nashville: Abingdon Press. 1975: 21–36. ISBN 0-687-12181-7.
Despite the dominant usage of euangellismos in the New Testament, its derivative, evangelical, was not widely or controversially employed until the Reformation period. Then it came into prominence with Martin Luther precisely because he reasserted Paul's teaching on the euangellismos as the indispensable message of salvation. Its light, he argued, was hidden under a bushel of ecclesiastical authority, tradition, and liturgy. The essence of the saving message for Luther was justification by faith alone, the article by which not only the church stands or falls but each individual as well. Erasmus, Thomas More, and Johannes Eck denigrated those who accepted this view and referred to them as 'evangelicals.'
- ^ Bebbington, D. W. (2008). Evangelicals in Modern Britain: A History from the 1730s to the 1980s, London: Unwin, 1.
- ^ Eskridge, Larry. Defining Evangelicalism. Institute for the Study of American Evangelicals. 1995 [2008-03-04]. (原始內容存檔於2018-02-25).