维基百科

帕金森综合症

“帕金森综合症”重定向至此。关于其他用法，请见“帕金森氏症”。

帕金森综合症（Parkinsonism）是和运动机能相关的临床综合症，其特征是颤抖、运动功能减退、僵硬（英语：Rigidity (neurology)）及平衡障碍[1][2]。在帕金森氏症（PD）患者身上会有类似症状（此综合症因此而得名），而路易氏体痴呆症（DLB）、帕金森病性痴呆症（英语：Parkinson's disease dementia）（PDD）等疾病也会有此症状。这类综合症的病因范围很广，包括神经退化障碍疾病、药物、毒素、代谢疾病，或是帕金森氏症以外的神经性疾病[3]。

帕金森综合症
Parkinsonism
病因
分类和外部资源
医学专科神经学
ICD-118A00
ICD-10G21、​G22
DiseasesDB24212
MedlinePlus000759
Orphanet68402
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病因

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药物引起

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有帕金森综合症的人当中，约有7%是因为药物的副作用而造成的，主要是因为抗精神病药，特别是吩噻嗪（例如perphenazine及氯丙嗪）、噻吨（英语：thioxanthene）（例如三氟噻吨（英语：flupenthixol）及珠氯噻醇（英语：zuclopenthixol））及丁酰苯（例如氟哌啶醇），偶尔也有因为抗忧郁药物而造成。药物引起帕金森综合症的盛行率会随年龄而上升。药物引起的帕金森综合症一但出现，多半会维持原有的程度，不像帕金森氏症会渐渐恶化[4]。

毒素

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有发现杀虫剂或除草剂暴露程度和帕金森氏症之间的关联性。若暴露在百草枯或锰乃浦（英语：Maneb）/锌锰乃浦（英语：Mancozeb）下，风险是原来的两倍[5]。

已证实慢性锰（Mn）暴露会造成类似帕金森综合症的疾病，其特征是运动障碍，此症状无法用典型的帕金森症治疗方式（英语：Management of Parkinson's disease）来治疗，因此推测除了典型黑质内多巴胺能损失外，包括有其他的致病途径[6]。锰会在基底核内累积，因此造成运动障碍[7]有一种和SLC30A10基因（锰外流转运蛋白，减少细胞内锰所必需的蛋白）有关的变异和这种类似帕金森综合症疾病有关[8]。在这疾病中看不到帕金森氏症中典型的路易体（英语：Lewy body）[7]。

诊断

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许多疾病会造成帕金森综合症。

神经退化障碍及帕金森附加综合症（英语：Parkinson plus syndrome）[9]
药物引发（伪帕金森综合症）
感染
毒素
创伤
血管的
其他

原发性震颤

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根据2018年的回顾性研究，还不确定帕金森综合症和原发性震颤（英语：essential tremor）是否有关[30]。

参考资料

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  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 Aminoff MJ, Greenberg DA, Simon RP. Chapter 7: Movement disorders. Clinical Neurology 6th. Lange: McGraw-Hill Medical. 2005: 241–45. ISBN 978-0-07-142360-1. 
  2. ^ Tobottom BJ, Weiner WJ, Shulman LM. Chapter 42: Parkinsonism. Lisak RP, Truong DD, Carroll W, Bhidayasiri R (编). International Neurology: A Clinical Approach. Blackwell Publishing Ltd. 2009-09-28: 152–58. ISBN 978-1-405-15738-4. 
  3. ^ Christine, Chadwick W.; Aminoff, Michael J. Clinical differentiation of parkinsonian syndromes: Prognostic and therapeutic relevance. The American Journal of Medicine. 2004-09-15, 117 (6). ISSN 0002-9343. doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2004.03.032 （英语）. 
  4. ^ Information Sheet: Drug-induced Parkinsonism (PDF). Parkinson’s Disease and Society. [2013-04-15]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2013-06-26）. 
  5. ^ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Pezzoli, Gianni; Cereda, Emanuele. Exposure to pesticides or solvents and risk of Parkinson disease. Neurology. 2013-05-28, 80 (22) [2022-10-15]. ISSN 0028-3878. PMID 23713084. doi:10.1212/WNL.0b013e318294b3c8. （原始内容存档于2023-03-03） （英语）. 
  6. ^ 6.0 6.1 Guilarte, Tomás R.; Gonzales, Kalynda K. Manganese-Induced Parkinsonism Is Not Idiopathic Parkinson’s Disease: Environmental and Genetic Evidence. Toxicological Sciences. 2015-08, 146 (2) [2022-10-15]. ISSN 1096-6080. PMC 4607750  . PMID 26220508. doi:10.1093/toxsci/kfv099. （原始内容存档于2022-12-19） （英语）. 
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  8. ^ Peres, Tanara V.; Schettinger, Maria Rosa C.; Chen, Pan; Carvalho, Fabiano; Avila, Daiana S.; Bowman, Aaron B.; Aschner, Michael. “Manganese-induced neurotoxicity: a review of its behavioral consequences and neuroprotective strategies”. BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology. 2016-12, 17 (1) [2022-10-15]. ISSN 2050-6511. PMC 5097420  . PMID 27814772. doi:10.1186/s40360-016-0099-0. （原始内容存档于2023-02-02） （英语）. 
  9. ^ 9.00 9.01 9.02 9.03 9.04 9.05 9.06 9.07 9.08 9.09 9.10 9.11 9.12 9.13 9.14 9.15 9.16 9.17 9.18 9.19 9.20 9.21 9.22 9.23 9.24 9.25 9.26 9.27 9.28 9.29 9.30 9.31 9.32 Jankovic J, Lang AE. Diagnosis and Assessment. Bradley, Walter George (编). Neurology in Clinical Practice: Principles of diagnosis and management. Volume 1. Taylor & Francis. 2004: 295–96. ISBN 9789997625885. 
  10. ^ Finger EC. Frontotemporal Dementias. Continuum (Review). April 2016, 22 (2 Dementia): 464–89. PMC 5390934  . PMID 27042904. doi:10.1212/CON.0000000000000300. 
  11. ^ McKeith, Ian G.; Boeve, Bradley F.; Dickson, Dennis W.; Halliday, Glenda; Taylor, John-Paul; Weintraub, Daniel; Aarsland, Dag; Galvin, James; Attems, Johannes; Ballard, Clive G.; Bayston, Ashley. Diagnosis and management of dementia with Lewy bodies: Fourth consensus report of the DLB Consortium. Neurology. 2017-07-04, 89 (1). ISSN 0028-3878. PMC 5496518  . PMID 28592453. doi:10.1212/WNL.0000000000004058 （英语）. 
  12. ^ Louis, E. D.; Ottman, R. Is there a one-way street from essential tremor to Parkinson's disease? Possible biological ramifications. European Journal of Neurology. 2013-11, 20 (11) [2022-10-15]. ISSN 1468-1331. PMC 3801177  . PMID 24033795. doi:10.1111/ene.12256. （原始内容存档于2022-10-20）. 
  13. ^ Fabrizi, Monaco, Dalla Libera. Parkinsonian syndrome following MDMA (Ecstasy) addiction. Movement Disorders. 2004, 19: S73–S74. 
  14. ^ Maltête, David; Guyant-Maréchal, Lucie; Mihout, Bruno; Hannequin, Didier. Movement disorders and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease: A review. Parkinsonism & Related Disorders. 2006-03-01, 12 (2). ISSN 1353-8020. PMID 16364674. doi:10.1016/j.parkreldis.2005.10.004 （英语）. 
  15. ^ Tse W, Cersosimo MG, Gracies JM, Morgello S, Olanow CW, Koller W. Movement disorders and AIDS: a review. Parkinsonism & Related Disorders. August 2004, 10 (6): 323–34. PMID 15261874. doi:10.1016/j.parkreldis.2004.03.001. 
  16. ^ Carod-Artal, F. J. [Neurological syndromes linked with the intake of plants and fungi containing a toxic component (I). Neurotoxic syndromes caused by the ingestion of plants, seeds and fruits]. Revista De Neurologia. 2003-05, 36 (9) [2022-10-15]. ISSN 0210-0010. PMID 12717675. （原始内容存档于2022-10-16）. 
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  18. ^ Watanabe Y, Himeda T, Araki T. Mechanisms of MPTP toxicity and their implications for therapy of Parkinson's disease (PDF). Medical Science Monitor. January 2005, 11 (1): RA17–23 [2019-12-08]. PMID 15614202. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2016-03-04）. 
  19. ^ 19.0 19.1 Nandipati S, Litvan I. Environmental Exposures and Parkinson's Disease. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (Review). September 2016, 13 (9): 881. PMC 5036714  . PMID 27598189. doi:10.3390/ijerph13090881. 
  20. ^ Weiss, Janet. Chapter 151. Toluene and Xylene. Olson, Kent R. (编). Poisoning & Drug Overdose 6. New York, NY: The McGraw-Hill Companies. 2012. 
  21. ^ Uitti RJ, Snow BJ, Shinotoh H, Vingerhoets FJ, Hayward M, Hashimoto S, Richmond J, Markey SP, Markey CJ, Calne DB. Parkinsonism induced by solvent abuse. Annals of Neurology. May 1994, 35 (5): 616–9. PMID 8179306. doi:10.1002/ana.410350516. 
  22. ^ Jubault T, Brambati SM, Degroot C, Kullmann B, Strafella AP, Lafontaine AL, Chouinard S, Monchi O. Gendelman HE , 编. Regional brain stem atrophy in idiopathic Parkinson's disease detected by anatomical MRI. PLOS ONE. December 2009, 4 (12): e8247. Bibcode:2009PLoSO...4.8247J. PMC 2784293  . PMID 20011063. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0008247. 
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  30. ^ Algarni M, Fasano A. The overlap between Essential tremor and Parkinson disease. Parkinsonism & Related Disorders. January 2018,. 46 Suppl 1: S101–S104. PMID 28729090. doi:10.1016/j.parkreldis.2017.07.006. 

外部链接

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检索自“https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=帕金森症候群&oldid=84198136”