不合作运动 (2024年)

非合作运动
非合作运动
2022年—2024年孟加拉国抗议（英语：Bangladesh protests (2022–2024)）的一部分
	在谢赫·哈西娜辞职后，人们在孟加拉国总理办公室前欢呼
日期	2024年8月4日—5日 (1天)
地点	孟加拉国
起因	七月屠杀（英语：July massacre）; 权威主义;
目标	谢赫·哈西娜及其内阁辞职
方法	示威; 非暴力不合作运动; 网络行动主义; 破坏行为; 纵火; 抢劫;
结果	抗议者胜利; 谢赫·哈西娜辞职并逃离国家; 抗议者冲入并占领了甘纳帕班和国民议会大厦; 组建临时政府（英语：Yunus interim government）; 政治犯获释; 针对支持孟加拉国人民联盟者及印度教徒的暴力行为;
冲突方
反歧视学生运动; ; 支持者：孟加拉国民族主义党 ; 孟加拉国伊斯兰运动 ; 孟加拉国伊斯兰大会党 ; 左翼民主联盟孟加拉国共产党; ; ; 东孟加拉无产阶级党 ; 孟加拉国革命工人党 ; 人民团结运动 ;	孟加拉国政府孟加拉国警察快速反应营; 武装警察营; ; 孟加拉国陆军特别安全部队; 总统卫队团; ; 孟加拉国边境警卫队; 孟加拉国安萨尔部队; ; 孟加拉国人民联盟孟加拉国学生联盟; 孟加拉国人民青年联盟; ;
领导人物
集体领导; ; 主要人物：纳希德·伊斯兰 ; 阿西夫·马哈茂德 ; 萨尔吉斯·阿拉姆 ; 哈斯纳特·阿卜杜拉 ; 其他…… ;	谢赫·哈西娜 ; 阿萨杜扎曼·汗 ; 奥拜杜勒·卡德尔
伤亡
死亡人数: 至少250人（联合国人权事务高级专员办公室估计）	死亡人数: 14名警察和1名市议员; ; 受伤人数: 300多名警察和20多名人民联盟及学生联盟成员[来源请求]
	死亡人数: 1名记者; 受伤人数: 23名记者

不合作运动（英语：Non-cooperation movement），又称一点运动，是2024年孟加拉国公职配额改革运动框架内发起的一场针对孟加拉国政府（英语：Government of Bangladesh）的抗议活动。该运动的唯一诉求是总理谢赫·哈西娜及其内阁（英语：Fifth Hasina ministry）的辞职^[8]^[9]。

尽管最初仅限于要求改革政府工作中的配额制度（英语：Quota system of Bangladesh Civil Service），这一运动在多名抗议者死亡（英语：July massacre）后演变为一场大规模的反政府起义。运动的推动力还包括不断恶化的社会经济和政治问题，如政府对国家经济的管理不善、官员的猖獗腐败、人权侵犯、对谢赫·哈西娜削弱国家主权的指控，以及日益增加的权威主义和民主倒退（英语：Democratic backsliding by country）现象^[10]^[11]^[12]^[13]^[14]。

2024年8月3日，反歧视学生运动（英语：Anti-discrimination Students Movement）的协调员提出唯一诉求，即总理及其内阁的辞职，并呼吁进行“全面不合作”。次日，暴力冲突爆发，导致包括学生在内的97人死亡。协调者呼吁于8月5日展开“长征”至达卡，以迫使哈西娜下台。当天，大批抗议者涌入首都。当地时间下午3点左右，谢赫·哈西娜辞职并逃往印度，这一她领导的政府的最大的盟国。在她下台后，孟加拉国全国范围内爆发了庆祝活动与暴力事件，同时军方和总统穆罕默德·谢哈布丁·楚普宣布成立由经济学家、诺贝尔经济学奖得主穆罕默德·尤努斯领导的临时政府（英语：Yunus interim government）^[15]^[16]^[17]^[18]^[19]。

参考文献

^ Bangladesh's Protests Ends Sheikh Hasina's 15-year Reign. The Custodian. 5 August 2024 [5 August 2024]. （原始内容存档于6 August 2024）.
^ ভয় দেখিয়ে কর্মসূচি প্রত্যাহার করিয়ে ছাত্র-জনতাকে বিভ্রান্ত করা যাবে না. 31 July 2024 [5 August 2024]. （原始内容存档于5 August 2024）.
^ "No to Military Rule" in Bangladesh!. [6 August 2024]. （原始内容存档于6 August 2024）.
^ Preliminary Analysis of Recent Protests and Unrest in Bangladesh (报告). 联合国人权事务高级专员办公室: 6–7. 2024-08-16. According to available public reports by media and the protest movement itself, between 16 July and 11 August, more than 600 people were killed. Of these, nearly 400 deaths were reported from 16 July to 4 August, while around 250 people were reportedly killed following the new wave of protests between 5 and 6 August. [...] The reported death toll is likely an underestimate, as information collection has been hindered by restrictions on movement due to the curfew and the internet shutdown. Furthermore, hospitals were reportedly prevented by State authorities from providing details of those killed and injured. The majority of deaths and injuries have been attributed to the security forces and the student wing affiliated with the Awami League.
^ UN report: Over 600 killed in Bangladesh between July 16 and Aug 11. 达卡论坛报. 孟加拉国联合新闻社. 2024-08-16.
^ দুই জেলায় ১৪ পুলিশ সদস্য নিহত, দাবি পুলিশ সদর দফতরের. Bonik Barta. 2024年8月4日 [2024年8月4日]. （原始内容存档于2024年8月4日）.
^ ^7.0 ^7.1 একজন সাংবাদিক নিহত, অন্তত ২৩ জন আহত. Prothom Alo. 2024年8月4日 [2024年8月4日]. （原始内容存档于2024年8月4日）（孟加拉语）.
^ Hasnat, Saif; Mashal, Mujib. Roaring Back After Crackdown, Bangladesh Protesters Demand Leader's Ouster. The New York Times. [4 August 2024]. （原始内容存档于4 August 2024）.
^ শহীদ মিনার থেকে এক দফা ঘোষণা. মানবজমিন. [3 August 2024]. （原始内容存档于3 August 2024）（孟加拉语）.
^ Lu, Christina. What's Behind Bangladesh's Student Protests?. Foreign Policy. 2024-08-07 [2024-08-03]. （原始内容存档于4 August 2024）（美国英语）.
^ Is the system rigged against meritocracy?. The Daily Star. 2024-07-10 [2024-08-03]. （原始内容存档于16 July 2024）（英语）.
^ Ahmed, Redwan; Ellis-Petersen, Hannah. Bangladesh student protests turn into 'mass movement against a dictator'. The Guardian. 2024-07-26 [2024-08-03]. ISSN 0261-3077. （原始内容存档于4 August 2024）（英国英语）.
^ Charlie Campbell. Sheikh Hasina and the Future of Democracy in Bangladesh. TIME. 2023-11-02 [2024-08-03]. （原始内容存档于4 January 2024）（英语）.
^ Sheikh Hasina doesn't sell the country, say prime minister. Prothom Alo. 25 June 2024 [5 August 2024]. （原始内容存档于5 August 2024）（英语）.
^ It's now one point. the daily star. [3 August 2024]. （原始内容存档于3 August 2024）（英语）.
^ One Point Demand' announced from Central Shaheed Minar. Bonik Barta. [3 August 2024]. （原始内容存档于3 August 2024）（英语）.
^ PM resigned, interim govt to be formed: Army chief. The Daily Star. 2024-08-05 [2024-08-05]. （原始内容存档于5 August 2024）（英语）.
^ Bangladesh PM Sheikh Hasina resigns and flees country as protesters storm palace. BBC News. [5 August 2024]. （原始内容存档于5 August 2024）.
^ Mahmud, Faisal; Sarker, Saqib. 'Islamophobic, alarmist': How some India outlets covered Bangladesh crisis. Al Jazeera. [9 August 2024] （英语）.

[1] Bangladesh's Protests Ends Sheikh Hasina's 15-year Reign. The Custodian. 5 August 2024 [5 August 2024]. （原始内容存档于6 August 2024）.

[2] ভয় দেখিয়ে কর্মসূচি প্রত্যাহার করিয়ে ছাত্র-জনতাকে বিভ্রান্ত করা যাবে না. 31 July 2024 [5 August 2024]. （原始内容存档于5 August 2024）.

[3] "No to Military Rule" in Bangladesh!. [6 August 2024]. （原始内容存档于6 August 2024）.

[OHCHR-4] Preliminary Analysis of Recent Protests and Unrest in Bangladesh (报告). 联合国人权事务高级专员办公室: 6–7. 2024-08-16. According to available public reports by media and the protest movement itself, between 16 July and 11 August, more than 600 people were killed. Of these, nearly 400 deaths were reported from 16 July to 4 August, while around 250 people were reportedly killed following the new wave of protests between 5 and 6 August. [...] The reported death toll is likely an underestimate, as information collection has been hindered by restrictions on movement due to the curfew and the internet shutdown. Furthermore, hospitals were reportedly prevented by State authorities from providing details of those killed and injured. The majority of deaths and injuries have been attributed to the security forces and the student wing affiliated with the Awami League.

[5] UN report: Over 600 killed in Bangladesh between July 16 and Aug 11. 达卡论坛报. 孟加拉国联合新闻社. 2024-08-16.

[6] দুই জেলায় ১৪ পুলিশ সদস্য নিহত, দাবি পুলিশ সদর দফতরের. Bonik Barta. 2024年8月4日 [2024年8月4日]. （原始内容存档于2024年8月4日）.

[:0-7] 7.0 ^7.1 একজন সাংবাদিক নিহত, অন্তত ২৩ জন আহত. Prothom Alo. 2024年8月4日 [2024年8月4日]. （原始内容存档于2024年8月4日）（孟加拉语）.

[8] Hasnat, Saif; Mashal, Mujib. Roaring Back After Crackdown, Bangladesh Protesters Demand Leader's Ouster. The New York Times. [4 August 2024]. （原始内容存档于4 August 2024）.

[9] শহীদ মিনার থেকে এক দফা ঘোষণা. মানবজমিন. [3 August 2024]. （原始内容存档于3 August 2024）（孟加拉语）.

[10] Lu, Christina. What's Behind Bangladesh's Student Protests?. Foreign Policy. 2024-08-07 [2024-08-03]. （原始内容存档于4 August 2024）（美国英语）.

[11] Is the system rigged against meritocracy?. The Daily Star. 2024-07-10 [2024-08-03]. （原始内容存档于16 July 2024）（英语）.

[12] Ahmed, Redwan; Ellis-Petersen, Hannah. Bangladesh student protests turn into 'mass movement against a dictator'. The Guardian. 2024-07-26 [2024-08-03]. ISSN 0261-3077. （原始内容存档于4 August 2024）（英国英语）.

[13] Charlie Campbell. Sheikh Hasina and the Future of Democracy in Bangladesh. TIME. 2023-11-02 [2024-08-03]. （原始内容存档于4 January 2024）（英语）.

[14] Sheikh Hasina doesn't sell the country, say prime minister. Prothom Alo. 25 June 2024 [5 August 2024]. （原始内容存档于5 August 2024）（英语）.

[15] It's now one point. the daily star. [3 August 2024]. （原始内容存档于3 August 2024）（英语）.

[16] One Point Demand' announced from Central Shaheed Minar. Bonik Barta. [3 August 2024]. （原始内容存档于3 August 2024）（英语）.

[17] PM resigned, interim govt to be formed: Army chief. The Daily Star. 2024-08-05 [2024-08-05]. （原始内容存档于5 August 2024）（英语）.

[bbc-18] Bangladesh PM Sheikh Hasina resigns and flees country as protesters storm palace. BBC News. [5 August 2024]. （原始内容存档于5 August 2024）.

[Islamophobic-19] Mahmud, Faisal; Sarker, Saqib. 'Islamophobic, alarmist': How some India outlets covered Bangladesh crisis. Al Jazeera. [9 August 2024] （英语）.

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