冬大蚊科
双翅目的一科昆虫
冬大蚊科（学名：Trichoceridae），又名毫蚊科，为双翅目长角亚目大蚊下目[3]冬大蚊总科（学名：Trichoceroidea）唯一一个现存的科，模式属为冬大蚊属。该科成员主要分布于全北界[4]，另在澳大拉西亚与南美洲等地也有物种分布[5]，外貌与其姊妹群大蚊总科相近，两者的主要差异在于冬大蚊科具有简单眼（Ocelli），大蚊总科则否[6]。
冬大蚊科 | |
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| 冬大蚊属未定种 Trichocera sp. | |
科学分类 
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| 界： | 动物界 Animalia |
| 门： | 节肢动物门 Arthropoda |
| 纲： | 昆虫纲 Insecta |
| 目： | 双翅目 Diptera |
| 亚目： | 长角亚目 Nematocera |
| 下目： | 大蚊下目 Tipulomorpha |
| 总科： | 冬大蚊总科 Trichoceroidea Hennig, 1973 |
| 科： | 冬大蚊科 Trichoceridae Rondani, 1841 |
| 模式属 | |
| 冬大蚊属 Trichocera Meigen, 1803
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| 冬大蚊科物种的大略分布范围 | |
冬大蚊科得名自其英文名称“winter crane flies”，因为许多物种的成虫常会在春、秋二季，乃至严冬时节活动，或是集结飞行[7][8]，少数冬大蚊属物种甚至已知可活跃于0°C以下的环境[9][10]。
下级分类
编辑- Diazosoma
- 冬大蚊亚科 Trichocerinae
- 冬大蚊族 Trichocerini
- Cladoneura
- 冬大蚊属 Trichocera
- †Eotrichocera
- †Karatina
- †Mailotrichocera
- †Paleotrichocera
- †Rasnitsynina
- 族 Nothotrichocerini
- Nothotrichocera
- †Tanyochoreta
- †Undaya
- †Zherikhinina
- 冬大蚊族 Trichocerini
- 分枝冬大蚊亚科 Paracladurinae
- Asdura
- 分枝冬大蚊属 Paracladura
- Zedura
- †亚科 Kovalevinae
- †Kovaleva
- †亚科 Ewauristinae
- †Ewaurista
谱系关系
编辑以下节录Ci与Kang于2021年基于线粒体DNA，利用最大似然估计法所得出冬大蚊科与其近亲的谱系关系[11]：
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参考文献
编辑- ^ Krzemińska, E.; Lukashevich, E. The oldest Trichoceridae (Diptera) from the Lower Jurassic of Kyrgyzstan: implications of the biomechanical properties of their wings. Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of The Royal Society of Edinburgh. 2018, 107 (2-3): 173–176. ISSN 1755-6929. doi:10.1017/S1755691017000317.
- ^ Krzemińska, E.; Krzemiński, W.; Dahl, C. Monograph of Fossil Trichoceridae (Diptera): Over 180 Million Years of Evolution. Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals. Polish Academy of Sciences. 2009 [2021-10-08]. ISBN 978-83-61358-20-6. （原始内容存档于2021-10-08）.
- ^ Kang, Z.; Zhang, X.; Ding, S.; Tang, C.; Wang, Y.; de Jong, H.; Cameron, S. L.; Wang, M.; Yang, D. Transcriptomes of three species of Tipuloidea (Diptera, Tipulomorpha) and implications for phylogeny of Tipulomorpha. PLOS ONE. 2017, 12 (3): e0173207 [2022-04-05]. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 5338816
. PMID 28264066. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0173207. （原始内容存档于2021-10-08）.
- ^ Salmela, J.; Petrašiūnas, A. Checklist of the infraorder Tipulomorpha (Trichoceridae, Tipuloidea) (Diptera) of Finland. ZooKeys. 2014, 441: 21–36 [2021-10-08]. ISSN 1313-2970. PMC 4200445 . PMID 25337005. doi:10.3897/zookeys.441.7533. （原始内容存档于2021-10-08）.
- ^ Krzemińska, E. Subfamily Paracladurinae. III. Phylogenetic biogeography: Two new genera and three species described (Diptera, Trichoceridae). New Zealand Journal of Zoology. 2005, 32 (4): 317–352 [2021-10-08]. ISSN 0301-4223. doi:10.1080/03014223.2005.9518422. （原始内容存档于2021-10-08）.
- ^ Petersen, M. J.; Bertone, M. A.; Wiegmann, B. M.; Courtney, G. W. Phylogenetic synthesis of morphological and molecular data reveals new insights into the higher‐level classification of Tipuloidea (Diptera). Systematic Entomology. 2010, 35 (3): 526–545 [2021-10-08]. ISSN 0307-6970. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3113.2010.00524.x. （原始内容存档于2021-10-08）.
- ^ Dahl, C. The Influence of Light, Humidity and Temperature on Trichoceridae (Diptera). Oikos. 1969, 20 (2): 409–430. ISSN 0030-1299. doi:10.2307/3543206.
- ^ Hågvar, S.; Krzemińska, E. Contribution to the winter phenology of Trichoceridae (Diptera) in snow-covered southern Norway. Studia Dipterologica. 2007, 14 (2): 271–283 [2021-10-08]. ISSN 0945-3954. （原始内容存档于2021-10-08）.
- ^ Dahl, C. Distribution, phenology and adaptation to arctic environment in Trichoceridae (Diptera). Oikos. 1970, 21 (2): 185–202. ISSN 0030-1299. doi:10.2307/3543674.
- ^ Pertierra, L. R.; Escribano-Álvarez, P.; Olalla-Tárraga, M. Á. Cold tolerance is similar but heat tolerance is higher in the alien insect Trichocera maculipennis than in the native Parochlus steinenii in Antarctica. Polar Biology. 2021, 44 (6): 1203–1208. ISSN 1432-2056. doi:10.1007/s00300-021-02865-w.
- ^ Ci, T.; Kang, Z. New data on the mitochondrial genome of the winter crane fly (Diptera: Trichoceridae) with phylogenetic analysis. Mitochondrial DNA Part B: Resources. 2021, 6 (2): 674–677. ISSN 2380-2359. doi:10.1080/23802359.2021.1881839.
