摩德羅

摩德羅（IAST：Mādra，發音：[maːdrə]）是一個古地區及其居民的名稱，位於印度次大陸西北部。摩德羅國首都據信位於錫亞爾科特（今巴基斯坦境內）^[1]。邊境據信自興都庫什部分地區（可能遠達伊朗東北部）延伸至今日的印度旁遮普與哈里亞納。在印度史詩《摩訶婆羅多》描述道摩德羅國軍隊由國王沙利耶率領，疆域由今旁遮普西北推進到了哈里亞納^[2]^[3]^[4]。摩德羅在梵語及巴利語文學中被大量引用，一些學術作品稱其為吠陀時期剎帝利的一部分^[5]。近代學術研究以此為參考，認為摩德羅王國至少存續了兩千年，並認為其位於拉維河與奇納布河之間^[6]^[7]。摩德羅國則由沙利耶建立。

參考資料

^ Kumar, Raj. Encyclopaedia of Untouchables Ancient, Medieval and Modern. Gyan Publishing House. 2008. ISBN 9788178356648 （英語）.
^ Menon, Ramesh. The Mahabharata, A modern rendering. iUniverse. 2006. ISBN 9780595401888.
^ Ganguly, Kisari. The Mahabharata. www.sacred-texts.com. [2019-01-29]. （原始內容存檔於2021-01-26）.
^ Przyluski, Jean. Ancient Peoples of the Punjab. University of Minnesota: K. L. Mukhopadhyaya. 1960: vi, 7–8.
^ Law, Dr. Bimla Charan. Some Ksatriya Tribes of Ancient India. University of Calcutta. 1924: 214–229.
^ Hamadani, Agha Hussain. The frontier policy of the Delhi Sultans. National Institute of Historical and Cultural Research. 1986: 112.
^ Bajpai, Shiva Chandra (S.C.). Lahaul-Spiti: A Forbidden Kingdom in the Himalayas Fourth. Indus Publishing Company. 1987: 11.

[1] Kumar, Raj. Encyclopaedia of Untouchables Ancient, Medieval and Modern. Gyan Publishing House. 2008. ISBN 9788178356648 （英語）.

[2] Menon, Ramesh. The Mahabharata, A modern rendering. iUniverse. 2006. ISBN 9780595401888.

[3] Ganguly, Kisari. The Mahabharata. www.sacred-texts.com. [2019-01-29]. （原始內容存檔於2021-01-26）.

[4] Przyluski, Jean. Ancient Peoples of the Punjab. University of Minnesota: K. L. Mukhopadhyaya. 1960: vi, 7–8.

[5] Law, Dr. Bimla Charan. Some Ksatriya Tribes of Ancient India. University of Calcutta. 1924: 214–229.

[6] Hamadani, Agha Hussain. The frontier policy of the Delhi Sultans. National Institute of Historical and Cultural Research. 1986: 112.

[7] Bajpai, Shiva Chandra (S.C.). Lahaul-Spiti: A Forbidden Kingdom in the Himalayas Fourth. Indus Publishing Company. 1987: 11.

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