奥尔登堡王朝
奥尔登堡王朝是德意志北部的贵族家族,起源于今日德国下萨克森州奥斯纳布吕克北部的地区。1100年首次提到埃基尔玛一世(Egilmar I.),他是文献上第一位已知的家族成员,一般视为奥尔登堡家族创始人。
国家 | 奥尔登堡大公国、俄罗斯帝国、丹麦王国、挪威王国、瑞典王国、希腊王国、萨克森-劳恩堡公国、石勒苏益格公国、荷尔斯泰因公国 |
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头衔 | |
创立 | 1448 |
创立者 | 奥尔登堡伯爵埃利马尔一世 |
最后统治 | 俄罗斯: 尼古拉二世 (1894–1917)
瑞典: 卡尔十三世 (1809–18)
奥尔登堡: 弗里德里希·奥古斯特二世 (1900–18)
萨克森-劳恩堡: 克里斯蒂安九世 (1864)
石勒苏益格-荷尔斯泰因: 克里斯蒂安九世 (1864) |
现任家长 | 克里斯托夫.[1][2] |
废位 | 俄罗斯: 1917年二月革命
瑞典: 1818 (分支断绝)
希腊: 1973年希腊军政府时期
奥尔登堡: 1918年德国十一月革命
萨克森-劳恩堡: 1864年普丹战争
石勒苏益格-荷尔斯泰因: 1864年普丹战争 |
分支 |
奥尔登堡之名源于1108年首次在一份文献中提到的、位于洪特河畔的城堡(奥尔登堡)。自12世纪中叶起,奥尔登堡伯爵以这座城堡作为驻地。
1448年,奥尔登堡伯爵迪特里希·冯·奥尔登堡(Dietrich von Oldenburg)的长子克里斯蒂安一世当选为丹麦国王,使得家族在欧洲的地位大增。克里斯蒂安一世的弟弟格哈特四世则继承了奥尔登堡伯爵的头衔,惟此旁支于1667年因安东·君特伯爵(Anton Günther)无子灭绝。然而安东·君特有一私生子建立了阿尔登堡-本蒂克家族(Haus Aldenburg-Bentick)。奥尔登堡王朝的丹麦国王分支中,则分出了荷尔斯泰因-戈托普王朝和石勒苏益格-荷尔斯泰因-宗德堡王朝。
宗德堡一支又分为许多分支,其中奥古斯滕堡分支于1931年绝嗣。而比较新的格吕克斯堡分支石勒苏益格-荷尔斯泰因-宗德堡-格吕克斯堡王朝则于1863年通过克里斯蒂安九世登上了丹麦王位;克里斯蒂安九世的儿子乔治一世成为希腊国王,其子孙一直统治到1967年;克里斯蒂安九世的孙子哈康七世于1905年成为挪威国王,挪威至今依然名为奥尔登堡王朝。
英国 编辑
英国国王查尔斯三世的父亲爱丁堡公爵菲利普亲王出身希腊王室,因此查尔斯三世是奥尔登堡王朝的后裔。但是奉查尔斯之母已故女王伊丽莎白二世敕令,查尔斯继承英国王位之后,王室仍保持为温莎王朝。
俄罗斯 编辑
石勒苏益格-荷尔斯泰因-戈托普王朝则于此前即由彼得三世登上俄罗斯的王位。彼得三世的后代直至1918年以荷尔斯泰因-戈托普-罗曼诺夫王朝之名存续。
1751年,戈托普王朝的一个儿子阿道夫·弗里德里希登上了瑞典王位,成为至1809年占有瑞典王位的王朝,最终灭绝于1878年。1773年,阿道夫·弗里德里希的一个兄弟弗里德里希·奥古斯特获得了奥尔登堡伯爵领地,并于1776年被提升为公爵。他的后代于1815年成为奥尔登堡的大公,并在当地统治至1918年。
家族世系图 编辑
克里斯蒂安一世 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
汉斯 | 弗雷德里克一世 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
克里斯蒂安二世 | 克里斯蒂安三世 | (荷尔斯泰因-戈托普分支) 阿道夫 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
弗雷德里克二世 | (石勒苏益格-荷尔斯泰因-森讷堡分支) 年轻者汉斯 | 约翰·阿道夫 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
克里斯蒂安四世 | 亚历山大 | 弗里德里希三世 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
弗雷德里克三世 | (石勒苏益格-荷尔斯泰因-森讷堡-奥古斯滕堡分支,1931年绝嗣) | (石勒苏益格-荷尔斯泰因-森讷堡-贝克分支) 奥古斯特·菲利普 | 克里斯蒂安·阿尔布雷希特 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
克里斯蒂安五世 | 弗里德里希·路德维希 | 弗里德里希四世 | 克里斯蒂安·奥古斯特 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
弗雷德里克四世 | 彼得·奥古斯特 | 卡尔·弗里德里希 | (瑞典分支) 阿道夫·弗雷德里克 | 弗里德里希·奥古斯特一世 | 格奥尔格·路德维希 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
克里斯蒂安六世 | 卡尔·安东·奥古斯特 | 叶卡捷琳娜二世 | (罗曼诺夫分支) 彼得三世 | 古斯塔夫三世 | 卡尔十三世 | 彼得·弗里德里希·威廉 | 彼得一世 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
弗雷德里克五世 | 弗里德里希·卡尔·路德维希 | 保罗一世 | 古斯塔夫四世·阿道夫 | (奥尔登堡大公分支) 奥古斯特 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
克里斯蒂安七世 | 弗雷德里克 | 弗里德里希·威廉 (1825年成为石勒苏益格-荷尔斯泰因-森讷堡-格吕克斯堡公爵) | 亚历山大一世 | 尼古拉一世 | 彼得二世 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
弗雷德里克六世 | 克里斯蒂安八世 | 夏洛特 | 亚历山大二世 | 弗里德里希·奥古斯特二世 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
弗雷德里克七世 | 路易丝 | (四子) 克里斯蒂安九世 | (长子) 卡尔 | (次子) 弗里德里希 | 亚历山大三世 | 尼库劳斯 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
弗雷德里克八世 | (希腊分支) 乔治一世 | 弗里德里希·斐迪南 | 尼古拉二世 | 安东-京特尔 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
克里斯蒂安十世 | (挪威分支) 哈康七世 | 康斯坦丁一世 | 威廉·弗里德里希 | 克里斯蒂安 (现任奥尔登堡大公家族首领) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
弗雷德里克九世 | 奥拉夫五世 | 乔治二世 | 亚历山大一世 | 保罗一世 | 彼得 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
玛格丽特二世 | 哈拉尔五世 | 康斯坦丁二世 | 克里斯托夫 (现任家族首领) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
继承顺位 编辑
- 丹麦国王弗雷德里克一世 (1471–1533)
- 丹麦国王克里斯蒂安三世 (1503–1559)
- 石勒苏益格-荷尔斯泰因-松德堡公爵约翰二世 (1545–1622)
- 石勒苏益格-荷尔斯泰因-松德堡公爵亚历山大 (1573–1627)
- 石勒苏益格-荷尔斯泰因-宗德堡-贝克公爵奥古斯特·菲利普 (1612–1675)
- 石勒苏益格-荷尔斯泰因-宗德堡-贝克公爵弗里德里希·路德维希 (1653–1728)
- 石勒苏益格-荷尔斯泰因-宗德堡-贝克公爵彼得·奥古斯特 (1697–1775)
- 石勒苏益格-荷尔斯泰因-宗德堡-贝克的卡尔·安东·奥古斯特王子 (1727–1759)
- 石勒苏益格-荷尔斯泰因-宗德堡-贝克公爵弗里德里希·卡尔·路德维希 (1757–1816)
- 石勒苏益格-荷尔斯泰因-森讷堡-格吕克斯堡公爵弗里德里希·威廉 (1785–1831)
- 石勒苏益格-荷尔斯泰因-森讷堡-格吕克斯堡公爵弗里德里希 (1814–1885)
- 石勒苏益格-荷尔斯泰因公爵弗里德里希·斐迪南 (1855–1934)
- 石勒苏益格-荷尔斯泰因公爵威廉·弗里德里希 (1891–1965)
- 石勒苏益格-荷尔斯泰因公爵彼得 (1922–1980)
- 石勒苏益格-荷尔斯泰因公爵克里斯托弗 (born 1949)
- (1) Friedrich Ferdinand, Hereditary Prince of Schleswig-Holstein (b. 1985)
- (2) Prince Constantin of Schleswig-Holstein (b. 1986)
- (3) Prince Leopold of Schleswig-Holstein (b. 1991)
- (4) Prince Alexander of Schleswig-Holstein (b. 1953)
- (5) Prince Julian of Schleswig-Holstein (b. 1997)
- 石勒苏益格-荷尔斯泰因公爵克里斯托弗 (born 1949)
- 石勒苏益格-荷尔斯泰因公爵彼得 (1922–1980)
- 石勒苏益格-荷尔斯泰因公爵威廉·弗里德里希 (1891–1965)
- 石勒苏益格-荷尔斯泰因公爵弗里德里希·斐迪南 (1855–1934)
- Christian IX of Denmark (1818–1906)
- Frederick VIII of Denmark (1843–1912)
- Christian X of Denmark (1870–1947)
- Knud, Hereditary Prince of Denmark (1900–1976)
- (6) Count Ingolf of Rosenborg (b. 1940)
- Knud, Hereditary Prince of Denmark (1900–1976)
- Haakon VII of Norway (1872–1957)
- Olav V of Norway (1903–1991)
- (7) Harald V of Norway (b. 1937)
- (8) Haakon, Crown Prince of Norway (b. 1973)
- (9) Prince Sverre Magnus of Norway (b. 2005)
- (8) Haakon, Crown Prince of Norway (b. 1973)
- (7) Harald V of Norway (b. 1937)
- Olav V of Norway (1903–1991)
- Prince Harald of Denmark (1876–1949)
- Count Oluf of Rosenborg (1923–1990)
- (10) Count Ulrik Harald Gunnar Oluf of Rosenborg (b. 1950)
- (11) Count Philip Oluf Axel Ulrik of Rosenborg (b. 1986)
- (10) Count Ulrik Harald Gunnar Oluf of Rosenborg (b. 1950)
- Count Oluf of Rosenborg (1923–1990)
- Christian X of Denmark (1870–1947)
- George I of Greece (1845–1913)
- Constantine I of Greece (1868–1923)
- Paul of Greece (1901–1964)
- Constantine II of Greece (1940–2023)
- (12) Pavlos, Crown Prince of Greece (b. 1967)
- (13) Prince Constantine Alexios of Greece and Denmark (b. 1998)
- (14) Prince Achileas Andreas of Greece and Denmark (b. 2000)
- (15) Prince Odysseas Kimon of Greece and Denmark (b. 2004)
- (17) Prince Aristide Stavros of Greece and Denmark (b. 2008)
- (17) Prince Nikolaos of Greece and Denmark (b. 1969)
- (18) Prince Philippos of Greece and Denmark (b. 1986)
- (12) Pavlos, Crown Prince of Greece (b. 1967)
- Constantine II of Greece (1940–2023)
- Paul of Greece (1901–1964)
- 希腊和丹麦的安德烈亚斯王子 (1882–1944)
- 爱丁堡公爵菲利普亲王 (1921–2021)
- (19) 查尔斯三世 (b. 1948)
- (20) William, Prince of Wales (b. 1982)
- (21) Prince George of Wales (b. 2013)
- (22) Prince Louis of Wales (b. 2018)
- (23) Prince Harry, Duke of Sussex (b. 1984)
- (24) Prince Archie of Sussex (b. 2019)
- (20) William, Prince of Wales (b. 1982)
- (25) Prince Andrew, Duke of York (b. 1960)
- (26) Prince Edward, Duke of Edinburgh (b. 1964)
- (27) James, Earl of Wessex (b. 2007)
- (19) 查尔斯三世 (b. 1948)
- 爱丁堡公爵菲利普亲王 (1921–2021)
- Prince Christopher of Greece and Denmark (1888–1940)
- (28) Prince Michael of Greece and Denmark (b. 1939)
- Constantine I of Greece (1868–1923)
- Prince Valdemar of Denmark (1858–1939)
- Prince Axel of Denmark (1888–1964)
- Count Flemming Valdemar of Rosenborg (1922–2002)
- (29) Count Axel of Rosenborg (b. 1950)
- (30) Count Carl Johan of Rosenborg (b. 1979)
- (31) Count Alexander Flemming of Rosenborg (b. 1993)
- (32) Count Birger of Rosenborg (b. 1950)
- (33) Count Carl Johan of Rosenborg (b. 1952)
- (29) Count Axel of Rosenborg (b. 1950)
- Count Flemming Valdemar of Rosenborg (1922–2002)
- Prince Erik, Count of Rosenborg (1890–1950)
- Count Christian Edward of Rosenborg (1932–1997)
- (34) Count Valdemar Christian of Rosenborg (b. 1965)
- (35) Count Nicolai Christian Valdemar of Rosenborg (b. 1997)
- (34) Count Valdemar Christian of Rosenborg (b. 1965)
- Count Christian Edward of Rosenborg (1932–1997)
- Prince Axel of Denmark (1888–1964)
- Frederick VIII of Denmark (1843–1912)
- 石勒苏益格-荷尔斯泰因-森讷堡-格吕克斯堡公爵弗里德里希 (1814–1885)
- 石勒苏益格-荷尔斯泰因-森讷堡-格吕克斯堡公爵弗里德里希·威廉 (1785–1831)
- 石勒苏益格-荷尔斯泰因-宗德堡-贝克公爵弗里德里希·卡尔·路德维希 (1757–1816)
- 石勒苏益格-荷尔斯泰因-宗德堡-贝克的卡尔·安东·奥古斯特王子 (1727–1759)
- 石勒苏益格-荷尔斯泰因-宗德堡-贝克公爵彼得·奥古斯特 (1697–1775)
- 石勒苏益格-荷尔斯泰因-宗德堡-贝克公爵弗里德里希·路德维希 (1653–1728)
- 石勒苏益格-荷尔斯泰因-宗德堡-贝克公爵奥古斯特·菲利普 (1612–1675)
- 石勒苏益格-荷尔斯泰因-松德堡公爵亚历山大 (1573–1627)
- 石勒苏益格-荷尔斯泰因-松德堡公爵约翰二世 (1545–1622)
- Adolf, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp (1526–1586)
- John Adolf, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp (1575–1616)
- Frederick III, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp (1597–1659)
- Christian Albert, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp (1641–1695)
- Frederick IV, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp (1671–1702)
- Charles Frederick, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp (1700–1739)
- Peter III of Russia (1728–1762)
- Paul I of Russia (1728–1762)
- Nicholas I of Russia (1796-1855)
- Alexander II of Russia (1818-1881)
- Grand Duke Paul Alexandrovich of Russia (1860-1919)
- Grand Duke Dmitri Pavlovich of Russia (1891-1941)
- Prince Paul Dimitrievich Romanovsky-Ilyinsky (1928-2004)
- (36) Prince Dimitri Pavlovich Romanovsky-Ilyinsky (b. 1954)
- (37) Prince Michael Pavlovich Romanovsky-Ilyinsky (b. 1961)
- Prince Paul Dimitrievich Romanovsky-Ilyinsky (1928-2004)
- Grand Duke Dmitri Pavlovich of Russia (1891-1941)
- Prince George Alexandrovich Yurievsky (1872-1913)
- Prince Alexander Georgijevich Yurievsky (1900-1988)
- (not in line of succession as his grandfather Prince George was born out of wedlock) Prince George Alexandrovich Yurievsky (b. 1961)
- Prince Alexander Georgijevich Yurievsky (1900-1988)
- Grand Duke Paul Alexandrovich of Russia (1860-1919)
- Grand Duke Michael Nicolaevich of Russia (1832-1909)
- Grand Duke Alexander Mikhailovich of Russia (1866-1933)
- Prince Andrew Alexandrovich of Russia (1897-1981)
- Prince Andrew Andreevich (1923-2021)
- (38) Prince Alexis Andreevich (b. 1953)
- (39) Prince Peter Andreevich (b. 1961)
- (40) Prince Andrew Andreevich (b. 1963)
- Prince Andrew Andreevich (1923-2021)
- Prince Rostislav Alexandrovich of Russia (1902-1978)
- Prince Rostislav Rostislavovich (1938-1999)
- (41) Prince Rostislav Rostislavovich (b. 1985)
- (not in line of succession as he was born out of wedlock) Prince Rostislav Rostislavovich (b. 2013)
- (42) Prince Nikita Rostislavovich (b. 1987)
- (41) Prince Rostislav Rostislavovich (b. 1985)
- Prince Nicholas Rostislavovich (1945-2000)
- (43) Prince Nicholas Nicolaevich (b. 1968)
- (44) Prince Daniel Nicolaevich (b. 1972)
- (45) Prince Jackson Daniel Danielaevich (b. 2009)
- Prince Rostislav Rostislavovich (1938-1999)
- Prince Andrew Alexandrovich of Russia (1897-1981)
- Grand Duke Alexander Mikhailovich of Russia (1866-1933)
- Alexander II of Russia (1818-1881)
- Nicholas I of Russia (1796-1855)
- Paul I of Russia (1728–1762)
- Peter III of Russia (1728–1762)
- Charles Frederick, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp (1700–1739)
- Prince Christian August of Holstein-Gottorp (1673-1726)
- Prince Georg Ludwig of Holstein-Gottorp (1719-1763)
- Peter I, Grand Duke of Oldenburg (1755-1829)
- Augustus, Grand Duke of Oldenburg (1783-1853)
- Peter II, Grand Duke of Oldenburg (1827-1900)
- Frederick Augustus II, Grand Duke of Oldenburg (1852-1931)
- Nikolaus, Duke of Oldenburg (1897-1970)
- Anton Günther, Duke of Oldenburg (1923-2014)
- (46) Christian, Duke of Oldenburg (b. 1955)
- (47) Prince Alexander of Oldenburg (b. 1990)
- (48) Prince Philipp of Oldenburg (b. 1991)
- (49) Prince Anton Friedrich of Oldenburg (b. 1993)
- (46) Christian, Duke of Oldenburg (b. 1955)
- Prince Peter of Oldenburg (1926-2016)
- (50) Prince Friedrich August of Oldenburg (b. 1952)
- (51) Prince Nikolaus of Oldenburg (b. 1955)
- (52) Prince Christoph of Oldenburg (b. 1985)
- (53) Prince Georg of Oldenburg (b. 1990)
- (54) Prince Oscar of Oldenburg (b. 1991)
- (55) Prince Georg Moritz of Oldenburg (b. 1957)
- Prince Friedrich August of Oldenburg (1936–2017)
- (56) Prince Paul-Wladimir of Oldenburg (b. 1969)
- (57) Prince Kirill of Oldenburg (b. 2002)
- (58) Prince Carlos of Oldenburg (b. 2004)
- (59) Prince Paul of Oldenburg (b. 2005)
- (60) Prince Louis of Oldenburg (b. 2012)
- (56) Prince Paul-Wladimir of Oldenburg (b. 1969)
- (61) Prince Huno of Oldenburg (b. 1940)
- (62) Prince Johann of Oldenburg (b. 1940)
- (63) Prince Konstantin Nikolaus of Oldenburg (b. 1975)
- Anton Günther, Duke of Oldenburg (1923-2014)
- Nikolaus, Duke of Oldenburg (1897-1970)
- Frederick Augustus II, Grand Duke of Oldenburg (1852-1931)
- Peter II, Grand Duke of Oldenburg (1827-1900)
- Augustus, Grand Duke of Oldenburg (1783-1853)
- Peter I, Grand Duke of Oldenburg (1755-1829)
- Prince Georg Ludwig of Holstein-Gottorp (1719-1763)
- Frederick IV, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp (1671–1702)
- Christian Albert, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp (1641–1695)
- Frederick III, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp (1597–1659)
- John Adolf, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp (1575–1616)
- 丹麦国王克里斯蒂安三世 (1503–1559)
参见 编辑
- ^ Genealogisches Handbuch des Adels, Fürstliche Häuser XVII. "Oldenburg". C.A. Starke Verlag, 2004, pp.44-50. ISBN 9783798008335.
- ^ Burke's Royal Families of the World ISBN 0-85011-023-8 p. 60