少孢根霉学名Rhizopus oligosporus)是根霉属的一种真菌,常作为制作丹贝发酵剂,它可以长出白色蓬松的菌丝体,与被部分分解的大豆结合成白色的饼状食品[1],这种真菌可以在印尼摄氏30-40度的环境下快速生长,且脂肪分解英语Lipolysis蛋白酶解的活性高,又可以分泌抑制其他微生物生长的物质,因而适合用来生产丹贝[2][3]。少孢根霉可能于数个世纪前,在印尼由微孢毛霉英语Rhizopus microsporus驯化而来,并在驯化的过程中丢失了制造根瘤菌素英语rhizoxin与rhizonin等毒素的基因[4]

少孢根霉
科学分类 编辑
界: 真菌界 Fungi
门: 毛霉门 Mucoromycota
纲: 毛霉纲 Mucoromycetes
目: 毛霉目 Mucorales
科: 毛霉科 Mucoraceae
属: 根霉属 Rhizopus
种:
少孢根霉 R. oligosporus
二名法
Rhizopus oligosporus
Saito

少孢根霉被食用后,会在人体中继续分泌抗生素,抑制金黄色葡萄球菌枯草杆菌革兰氏阳性菌的生长,有研究显示常食用丹贝的人较不易发生肠道感染[5]

分类

编辑

有研究将少孢根霉视为微孢毛霉英语Rhizopus microsporus变种Rhizopus microsporus var. oligosporus[6]。2014年,分子种系发生学的研究结果显示少孢根霉与微孢毛霉是同一种物种,两者互为同物异名[7]

参考资料

编辑
  1. ^ Shurtleff, W. & Aoyagi, A. 2001. The book of tempeh. 2 2. Ten Speed Press. Berkeley, California pp.
  2. ^ Nout, M.J.R. Effect of Rhizopus and Neurospora spp. on growth of Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus and accumulation of aflatoxin B1 in groundnut. Mycological Research. 1989, 93: 518–523. doi:10.1016/s0953-7562(89)80046-2. 
  3. ^ Kobayasi, Sin-ya; Naoto, OKAZAKI; Takuya, KosEKI. Purification and Characterization of an Antibiotic Substance Produced from Rhizopus oligosporus IFO 8631. Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. 1992, 56 (1): 94–98. PMID 1368137. doi:10.1271/bbb.56.94. 
  4. ^ Jennessen, J.; Nielsen, K.F.; Houbraken, J.; Lyhne, E.K.; Schnürer, J.; Frisvad, J.C.; Samson, R.A. Secondary metabolite and mycotoxin production by the Rhizopus microsporus group. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 2005, 53: 1833–1840. PMID 15740082. doi:10.1021/jf048147n. 
  5. ^ Kobayasi, S; Okazaki, N; Koseki, T. Purification and characterization of an antibiotic substance produced from Rhizopus oligosporus IFO 8631. Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry. January 1992, 56 (2): 94–98. PMID 1368137. doi:10.1271/bbb.56.94. 
  6. ^ Anastasia Tatik Hartanti, Gayuh Rahayu, Iman Hidayat. Rhizopus Species from Fresh Tempeh Collected from Several Regions in Indonesia 22 (3). HAYATI Journal of Biosciences: 136-142. 2015. doi:10.1016/j.hjb.2015.10.004. 
  7. ^ Somayeh Dolatabadi, Grit Walther,A. H. G. Gerrits van den Ende, G. S. de Hoog. Diversity and delimitation of Rhizopus microsporus 64 (1). Fungal Diversity: 145-163. 2014. doi:10.1007/s13225-013-0229-6. 

外部链接

编辑