少孢根黴

少孢根霉
科學分類
界：	真菌界 Fungi
門：	毛黴門 Mucoromycota
綱：	毛霉綱 Mucoromycetes
目：	毛霉目 Mucorales
科：	毛霉科 Mucoraceae
屬：	根霉屬 Rhizopus
種：	少孢根霉 R. oligosporus
二名法
	Rhizopus oligosporus; Saito

少孢根霉（學名：Rhizopus oligosporus）是根黴屬的一種真菌，常作為製作丹貝的發酵劑，它可以長出白色蓬鬆的菌絲體，與被部份分解的大豆結合成白色的餅狀食品^[1]，這種真菌可以在印尼攝氏30-40度的環境下快速生長，且脂肪分解（英語：Lipolysis）與蛋白酶解的活性高，又可以分泌抑制其他微生物生長的物質，因而適合用來生產丹貝^[2]^[3]。少孢根霉可能於數個世紀前，在印尼由微孢毛黴（英語：Rhizopus microsporus）馴化而來，並在馴化的過程中丟失了製造根瘤菌素（英語：rhizoxin）與rhizonin等毒素的基因^[4]。

少孢根霉被食用後，會在人體中繼續分泌抗生素，抑制金黃色葡萄球菌與枯草桿菌等革蘭氏陽性菌的生長，有研究顯示常食用丹貝的人較不易發生腸道感染^[5]。

分類

有研究將少孢根霉視為微孢毛黴（英語：Rhizopus microsporus）的變種（Rhizopus microsporus var. oligosporus）^[6]。2014年，分子種系發生學的研究結果顯示少孢根霉與微孢毛黴是同一種物種，兩者互為同物異名^[7]。

參考資料

^ Shurtleff, W. & Aoyagi, A. 2001. The book of tempeh. 2 2. Ten Speed Press. Berkeley, California pp.
^ Nout, M.J.R. Effect of Rhizopus and Neurospora spp. on growth of Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus and accumulation of aflatoxin B1 in groundnut. Mycological Research. 1989, 93: 518–523. doi:10.1016/s0953-7562(89)80046-2.
^ Kobayasi, Sin-ya; Naoto, OKAZAKI; Takuya, KosEKI. Purification and Characterization of an Antibiotic Substance Produced from Rhizopus oligosporus IFO 8631. Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. 1992, 56 (1): 94–98. PMID 1368137. doi:10.1271/bbb.56.94.
^ Jennessen, J.; Nielsen, K.F.; Houbraken, J.; Lyhne, E.K.; Schnürer, J.; Frisvad, J.C.; Samson, R.A. Secondary metabolite and mycotoxin production by the Rhizopus microsporus group. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 2005, 53: 1833–1840. PMID 15740082. doi:10.1021/jf048147n.
^ Kobayasi, S; Okazaki, N; Koseki, T. Purification and characterization of an antibiotic substance produced from Rhizopus oligosporus IFO 8631. Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry. January 1992, 56 (2): 94–98. PMID 1368137. doi:10.1271/bbb.56.94.
^ Anastasia Tatik Hartanti, Gayuh Rahayu, Iman Hidayat. Rhizopus Species from Fresh Tempeh Collected from Several Regions in Indonesia 22 (3). HAYATI Journal of Biosciences: 136-142. 2015. doi:10.1016/j.hjb.2015.10.004.
^ Somayeh Dolatabadi, Grit Walther,A. H. G. Gerrits van den Ende, G. S. de Hoog. Diversity and delimitation of Rhizopus microsporus 64 (1). Fungal Diversity: 145-163. 2014. doi:10.1007/s13225-013-0229-6.

外部連結

分類地位（頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）

[1] Shurtleff, W. & Aoyagi, A. 2001. The book of tempeh. 2 2. Ten Speed Press. Berkeley, California pp.

[2] Nout, M.J.R. Effect of Rhizopus and Neurospora spp. on growth of Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus and accumulation of aflatoxin B1 in groundnut. Mycological Research. 1989, 93: 518–523. doi:10.1016/s0953-7562(89)80046-2.

[3] Kobayasi, Sin-ya; Naoto, OKAZAKI; Takuya, KosEKI. Purification and Characterization of an Antibiotic Substance Produced from Rhizopus oligosporus IFO 8631. Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. 1992, 56 (1): 94–98. PMID 1368137. doi:10.1271/bbb.56.94.

[4] Jennessen, J.; Nielsen, K.F.; Houbraken, J.; Lyhne, E.K.; Schnürer, J.; Frisvad, J.C.; Samson, R.A. Secondary metabolite and mycotoxin production by the Rhizopus microsporus group. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 2005, 53: 1833–1840. PMID 15740082. doi:10.1021/jf048147n.

[5] Kobayasi, S; Okazaki, N; Koseki, T. Purification and characterization of an antibiotic substance produced from Rhizopus oligosporus IFO 8631. Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry. January 1992, 56 (2): 94–98. PMID 1368137. doi:10.1271/bbb.56.94.

[6] Anastasia Tatik Hartanti, Gayuh Rahayu, Iman Hidayat. Rhizopus Species from Fresh Tempeh Collected from Several Regions in Indonesia 22 (3). HAYATI Journal of Biosciences: 136-142. 2015. doi:10.1016/j.hjb.2015.10.004.

[7] Somayeh Dolatabadi, Grit Walther,A. H. G. Gerrits van den Ende, G. S. de Hoog. Diversity and delimitation of Rhizopus microsporus 64 (1). Fungal Diversity: 145-163. 2014. doi:10.1007/s13225-013-0229-6.

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