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Template:Infobox Melbourne Railway Station

墨尔本中心站（英文：Melbourne Central）是澳洲墨尔本近郊铁路网络的一个地底铁路车站。它是环绕商业中心区的市环线（City Loop）五个车站其中之一，位于商业中心区北端La Trobe Street、Swanston Street和伊利沙伯街（Elizabeth Street）交界的地底。车站以其上盖，墨尔本中心购物中心（Melbourne Central Shopping Centre）命名。 墨尔本中心并非墨尔本的铁路终站，Flinders Street是近郊铁路的终点站；南十字车站是区域铁路的总站。

历史

编辑

The station was built using cut and cover construction. In December 1973 to permit excavation of the station, La Trobe Street and its tram tracks were temporarily relocated to the south onto the site of what is now the Melbourne Central Shopping Centre, and moved back on completion of the work in 1978.[1] The pit was 168 metres long and 22.5 metres wide, 29 metres deep at the Swanston Street end and 22 metres at Elizabeth Street. Seven layers of struts were used to support the excavation, with 2600 tonnes of steel temporary supports required.[2]

The station opened as Museum on January 24, 1981 and was the first station on the loop to open.[3] Initially services only operated for the Burnley and Caufield Groups on platforms 2 and 4, trains started using platform 1 on October 31, 1982, and platform 3 on May 1, 1984. The Elizabeth Street entrance to the station was opened on 5 April 1982. It was named Museum after the adjacent Melbourne Museum in the State Library of Victoria complex on Swanston Street. The Museum moved in 1995 to its current premises beside the Royal Exhibition Building in the Carlton Gardens. It was renamed on February 16, 1997,[4] after Melbourne Central Shopping Centre,[3] which was built above and around the station concourse in the early 1990s. At peak times with a train arriving every 2.5 minutes, the station has a passenger flow of 30,000 per hour. Three elevators were initially provided, as well as 21 Escalators.[2]

设施

编辑

Melbourne Central, like the other two underground City Loop stations (Parliament and Flagstaff) has an underground concourse and two levels of platforms below it (2 island platforms and four tracks). Each platform serves a separate group of rail lines that leave the Loop and radiate out into the city's suburbs. It is a premium station, meaning that it is staffed from first to last train and provides extra customer services.

美食广场把车站分成两部并不相连的大堂，乘客必须先出闸再绕路往返。

  • 伊利沙伯街大堂设有3条通往地面的扶手电梯、售票处、闸机、洗手间、三条往月台的扶手电梯和楼梯。
  • 斯旺斯顿街大堂在2000年开始改建，闸内设有洗手间、两部升降机和五条扶手电梯往月台。闸外是分割车站大堂的美食广场Inside the ticket barriers there are toilets (currently closed for refurbishment), and two lifts and five escalators going to the platforms. Outside is a food court, an exit to La Trobe Street and Level LG of the shopping centre (which passes under Little Lonsdale Street). There is also a lift and four escalators to the shopping centre level above. On the next level up (Level G) there is access to Little Lonsdale and La Trobe Streets via the shopping centre. Access to Swanston Street is via three escalators rising another floor (or the lift to level 1 and a 70m walk), and a walk through the shopping centre past the shot tower.

The redevelopment works at the Swanston Street entrance to the station have been criticised by many due to the difficulty in accessing the street from the station itself.[5]

月台/列车服务

编辑
UP
月台 		1号月台 艾平、Hurstbridge、市环线
岛式月台
2号月台 帕肯汉、格里本、法兰克斯顿、市环线
UP
月台 		3号月台 Craigieburn、Upfield、先邓咸、Werribee、市环线
岛式月台
4号月台 Lilydale/Belgrave、韦弗利谷、阿拉曼、市环线

1号月台：

  • 艾平线 - 往艾平（Epping）
  • Hurstbridge线 - 所有停站及有限停站服务往海德堡（Heidelberg）、麦高乐（Macleod）、Greensborough、Eltham、Hurstbridge
  • 市环线 - 往Flinders Street

2号月台：

  • 帕肯汉线 - 所有停站及有限停站服务往Oakleigh、Westall、丹德农（Dandenong）、帕肯汉（Pakenham）、Cranbourne
  • 格里本线 - 往Crabourne
  • 法兰克斯顿线 - 所有停站及有限停站服务往切尔滕纳姆（Cheltenham）、Mordialloc、Carrum、法兰克斯顿（Frankston）
  • 市环线 - 往Flinders Street

3号月台：

  • Craigieburn线 -所有停站及有限停站服务往Broadmeadows、Craigieburn
  • Upfield线 - 往科堡（Coburg）、高里（Gowrie）、Upfield
  • 先邓咸线 - 所有停站及有限停站服务往Sunshine、圣奥尔本斯（St Albans）、Watergardens
  • Werribee线 - 所有停站及有限停站服务往Werribee
  • 市环线 - 往Flinders Street

4号月台：

  • Lilydale/贝尔格雷夫线 - 所有停站及有限停站服务往博士山（Box Hill）、布力般（Blackburn）、灵伍德（Ringwood）、Lilydale、Upper Ferntree Gully、贝尔格雷夫（Belgrave）
  • 韦弗利谷线 - 所有停站及有限停站服务往韦弗利谷（Glen Waverley）
  • 阿拉曼线 - 往Riversdale、阿什伯顿（Ashburton）、阿拉曼（Alamein）
  • 市环线 - 往Flinders Street
编辑
  •  
    One of the Melbourne Central platforms
  •  
    XTrapolis train departing the station

参考文献

编辑
  1. ^ S.E. Dornan and R.G. Henderson. Electric Railways of Victoria. Australian Electric Traction Society. 1979: 93. ISBN 0 909459 06 1. 
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 Metropolitan Transport Authority. MURL Booklet (PDF). www.doi.vic.gov.au. [2008-07-20]. 
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 Department of Infrastructure. Public transport - City Loop history. www.doi.vic.gov.au. [2008-07-20]. 
  4. ^ Upgrading Eltham to a Premium Station. Newsrail (Australian Railway Heritage Society (Victorian Division)). 1997: page 310.  已忽略未知参数|month=（建议使用|date=） (帮助)
  5. ^ Shopping detour forced on passengers at Melbourne Central Station. Melbourne Indymedia. November 17, 2003 [2008-07-20]. 
车站索引
市环线
逆时针 Flgstaff | Flinders Street 顺时针
阿拉曼、贝尔格雷夫、格里本、艾平、法兰克斯顿、韦弗利谷、Hurstbridge、Lilydale、帕肯汉、桑德汉姆线
上一站 Flagstaff | Parliament 下一站
Craigieburn、费明顿马场、先邓咸、Upfield、Werribee、威廉斯敦线
上一站 议会 | Flagstaff 下一站
近郊铁路网络

37°48′41.25″S 144°58′21.90″E / 37.8114583°S 144.9727500°E / -37.8114583; 144.9727500

Template:Infobox Melbourne Railway Station

航线发展

编辑

2005至2007年，墨尔本机场的国际旅客流量下跌下50万人次。[1]虽然墨尔本机场的乘客量仍频创新高，但2006年的统计显而航空公司正在减少航班。英国航空撤出墨尔本后，澳洲航空在2006年3月增加往伦敦的航班以弥补流失的客量。[2]2006年第四季机场的国际旅客数字跌了百分之二，[3]而机场最后一家欧洲航空公司－奥地利航空亦于2007年3月撤出。[4] 但2007年，国际及国内数字旅客回复2006年的水平，[5]2006至07年，共有二千二百万名乘客使用了本机场。

2008至09财政年度，机场的国际乘客流量增加了72.5万人次。[6]2007年9月22日，大韩航空开辨直飞首尔的航班，成为墨尔本机场首条到南韩的航线。[7]Norfolk Air以每周一班航班飞往诺福克岛。2007年10月，国泰航空增加到香港的航班至每日三班。[8]2008年3月30日，泰国国际航空增加班次至每日两班。澳洲航空从2008年开始，开设每周两班的墨尔本至上海航空，及后在2009年3月停办。同年，中国国际航空每周三班往上海及北京的航班将不经中途站悉尼，直达目的地。[9]中国南方航空在旺季加开航班往来广州。[10]国内航线方面，Skywest Airlines开辨每周三班柏斯－Kalgoorlie－墨尔本的新航线在2007年11月投入服务，一年后停办。[11]澳洲老虎航空began operations in November 2007 with Melbourne Airport as its first hub, serving destinations throughout Australia from Terminal 4.

捷星航空在2008年4月17日开办经达尔文往新加坡的航线，以较相宜的价格与传统的直航航班竞争。[12] Air Vanuatu began a weekly service to Port Vila on 5 June 2007,[13] andNorfolk Air在2008年9月1日起增至以每周两班飞往诺福克岛。[14]马来西亚航空和印度尼西亚鹰航空公司在2008年7月增加班次。[15]

Pacific Blue entered the underserved Auckland market with daily flights from 22 September 2008 using the 737-800,[16] while Air New Zealand also increased capacity.[17] Qantas will significantly increase capacity to Los Angeles by progressively replacing the nonstop 747-400ER with the A380-800 from 20 October 2008[18] and replacing the last A330-200 via Auckland services with the 747-400. Low-cost carrier AirAsia X began flying nonstop to Kuala Lumpur from 12 November 2008, competing with Malaysia Airlines on price. It initially operated four times a week before eventually increasing to twice daily.[19] Emirates Airline went thrice daily on 3 February 2009 using the Airbus A340-500.[20] Etihad Airways launched daily flights to Abu Dhabi from 29 March 2009 using the A340-600, providing further competition in the Middle East market.[21]V Australia will launch flights to Los Angeles from 1 December 2009 providing year-round nonstop competition to Qantas.[22]卡塔尔航空将成为第三家航空公司提供前往中东地区的航班服务，来往卡塔尔多哈的航班将于2009年12月启航。[23]

新航线

编辑
  1. ^ Moynihan, Stephen. Tiger bites into fares, but Tulla bleeds. The Age. 2007-07-13 [2008-07-31]. 
  2. ^ Qantas to double flights between Melbourne and London. Asia Travel Tips. 2005-12-15 [2008-07-31]. 
  3. ^ http://www.melair.com.au/about_airport/media_releases_item.asp?id=276 Record passenger numbers for Melbourne Airport] 2005
  4. ^ Moynihan, Stephen. Austrian Airlines flies out. The Age. 2007-01-24 [2008-07-31]. 
  5. ^ Melbourne Airport Media Release - 'Positive international and domestic passenger growth at Melbourne Airport during 2006/2007' - 23 July 2007. [2007-07-31]. 
  6. ^ End of Year Wrap Up for Australia Pacific Airports Corporation. Melbourne Airport Media Releases (新闻稿). 2008-08-27 [2008-09-26]. 
  7. ^ Murphy, Mathew. Korean Air to announce new Melbourne service. The Age. 2007-09-05 [2008-06-30]. 
  8. ^ Cathay Pacific goes triple daily from Melbourne. Melbourne Airport Media Releases (新闻稿). 2007-07-19 [2008-06-30]. 
  9. ^ Air China strengthens position as carrier of choice between Australia & China. e-Travel Blackboard. 2007-10-10 [2008-06-30]. 
  10. ^ China Southern introduces Melbourne-Guangzhou direct service. e-Travel Blackboard. 2007-10-05 [2008-06-30]. 
  11. ^ Skywest Suspends Kalgoorlie to Melbourne Services (新闻稿). Skywest Airlines. 2008-07-29 [2008-07-31]. 
  12. ^ Jetstar to fly Melbourne-Singapore route. The Age. 2008-01-23 [2008-06-30]. 
  13. ^ Air Vanuatu to commence Melbourne service. Aviation Record. 2008-03-13 [2008-06-30]. 
  14. ^ Norfolk Air adds Melbourne service. Aviation Record. 2008-03-10 [2008-06-30]. 
  15. ^ Garuda expands capacity on more Australian routes. Aviation Record. 2008-05-05 [2008-06-30]. 
  16. ^ Virgin Blue launches daily Melbourne-Auckland service. Aviation Record. 2008-07-28 [2008-07-28]. 
  17. ^ Air NZ to increase seats to Australia. The Age. 2008-03-25 [2008-06-30]. 
  18. ^ 引用错误：没有为名为qfa380的参考文献提供内容
  19. ^ AirAsia X flies direct to Melbourne. Peanuts! Online. 2008-08-20 [2008-08-20]. 
  20. ^ Emirates announces third Melbourne flight. Travel Weekly. 2008-07-25 [2008-07-25]. 
  21. ^ Etihad to launch flights to Melbourne in 2009 (新闻稿). Etihad Airways. 2008-07-28 [2008-07-28]. 
  22. ^ V Australia announces third Trans-Pacific route direct Melbourne — Los Angeles flights (新闻稿). V Australia. 2009-02-07 [2009-02-11]. 
  23. ^ Qatar Airways To Launch Melbourne Route In Time For Holiday Rush (新闻稿). Qatar Airways. 2009-06-17 [2009-06-18]. 
  24. ^ Cebu Pacific seeks flights to Brunei and Australia. BusinessWorld Online. 2009-04-16 [2009-04-18]. 
  25. ^ Rochfort, Scott. Delta to compete with Qantas on Sydney-LA route. The Age. 2008-12-19 [2008-12-21]. 
  26. ^ Kohn, Peter. El Al direct flights still on agenda. Australian Jewish News. 2009-03-11 [2009-03-13]. 
  27. ^ JAL likes the look of Melbourne (PDF). Travel Weekly. 2008-09-01 [2008-09-01]. 
  28. ^ Sidhu, B. K. Jetstar keen to add new routes. The Star. 2008-02-18 [2008-06-30]. 
  29. ^ Murphy, Mathew. Jetstar to drop Melbourne flights to Hawaii. The Age. 2007-08-08 [2008-06-30]. 
  30. ^ Boey, Caroline. Royal Brunei starts charter to Melbourne. TTG Asia. 2003-07-03 [2008-06-30]. 
  31. ^ Royal Brunei eyes Melbourne, Adelaide. Travel Weekly. 2007-02-02 [2008-06-30]. 
  32. ^ Delegate Report on Launch of Brunei Halal Brand (PDF). City of Hume. 2007–08. 
  33. ^ Virgin Atlantic Makes Europe's Largest Single Order for Fuel-Efficient Boeing 787 Dreamliners (新闻稿). 维珍航空. 2007-04-24 [2008-06-30]. 
  34. ^ Virgin sets long term sights on Melbourne. Travel Weekly. 2006-10-11 [2008-06-30]. 
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