維基百科

Bugatti03

加入於 2006年7月12日 (星期三)

Template:Infobox Melbourne Railway Station

墨爾本中心站（英文：Melbourne Central）是澳洲墨爾本近郊鐵路網絡的一個地底鐵路車站。它是環繞商業中心區的市環線（City Loop）五個車站其中之一，位於商業中心區北端La Trobe Street、Swanston Street和伊利沙伯街（Elizabeth Street）交界的地底。車站以其上蓋，墨爾本中心購物中心（Melbourne Central Shopping Centre）命名。 墨爾本中心並非墨爾本的鐵路終站，Flinders Street是近郊鐵路的終點站；南十字車站是區域鐵路的總站。

歷史

編輯

The station was built using cut and cover construction. In December 1973 to permit excavation of the station, La Trobe Street and its tram tracks were temporarily relocated to the south onto the site of what is now the Melbourne Central Shopping Centre, and moved back on completion of the work in 1978.[1] The pit was 168 metres long and 22.5 metres wide, 29 metres deep at the Swanston Street end and 22 metres at Elizabeth Street. Seven layers of struts were used to support the excavation, with 2600 tonnes of steel temporary supports required.[2]

The station opened as Museum on January 24, 1981 and was the first station on the loop to open.[3] Initially services only operated for the Burnley and Caufield Groups on platforms 2 and 4, trains started using platform 1 on October 31, 1982, and platform 3 on May 1, 1984. The Elizabeth Street entrance to the station was opened on 5 April 1982. It was named Museum after the adjacent Melbourne Museum in the State Library of Victoria complex on Swanston Street. The Museum moved in 1995 to its current premises beside the Royal Exhibition Building in the Carlton Gardens. It was renamed on February 16, 1997,[4] after Melbourne Central Shopping Centre,[3] which was built above and around the station concourse in the early 1990s. At peak times with a train arriving every 2.5 minutes, the station has a passenger flow of 30,000 per hour. Three elevators were initially provided, as well as 21 Escalators.[2]

設施

編輯

Melbourne Central, like the other two underground City Loop stations (Parliament and Flagstaff) has an underground concourse and two levels of platforms below it (2 island platforms and four tracks). Each platform serves a separate group of rail lines that leave the Loop and radiate out into the city's suburbs. It is a premium station, meaning that it is staffed from first to last train and provides extra customer services.

美食廣場把車站分成兩部並不相連的大堂，乘客必須先出閘再繞路往返。

  • 伊利沙伯街大堂設有3條通往地面的扶手電梯、售票處、閘機、洗手間、三條往月台的扶手電梯和樓梯。
  • 斯旺斯頓街大堂在2000年開始改建，閘內設有洗手間、兩部升降機和五條扶手電梯往月台。閘外是分割車站大堂的美食廣場Inside the ticket barriers there are toilets (currently closed for refurbishment), and two lifts and five escalators going to the platforms. Outside is a food court, an exit to La Trobe Street and Level LG of the shopping centre (which passes under Little Lonsdale Street). There is also a lift and four escalators to the shopping centre level above. On the next level up (Level G) there is access to Little Lonsdale and La Trobe Streets via the shopping centre. Access to Swanston Street is via three escalators rising another floor (or the lift to level 1 and a 70m walk), and a walk through the shopping centre past the shot tower.

The redevelopment works at the Swanston Street entrance to the station have been criticised by many due to the difficulty in accessing the street from the station itself.[5]

月台/列車服務

編輯
UP
月台 		1號月台 艾平、Hurstbridge、市環線
島式月台
2號月台 帕肯漢、格里本、法蘭克斯頓、市環線
UP
月台 		3號月台 Craigieburn、Upfield、先鄧咸、Werribee、市環線
島式月台
4號月台 Lilydale/Belgrave、韋弗利谷、阿拉曼、市環線

1號月台：

  • 艾平線 - 往艾平（Epping）
  • Hurstbridge線 - 所有停站及有限停站服務往海德堡（Heidelberg）、麥高樂（Macleod）、Greensborough、Eltham、Hurstbridge
  • 市環線 - 往Flinders Street

2號月台：

  • 帕肯漢線 - 所有停站及有限停站服務往Oakleigh、Westall、丹德農（Dandenong）、帕肯漢（Pakenham）、Cranbourne
  • 格里本線 - 往Crabourne
  • 法蘭克斯頓線 - 所有停站及有限停站服務往切爾滕納姆（Cheltenham）、Mordialloc、Carrum、法蘭克斯頓（Frankston）
  • 市環線 - 往Flinders Street

3號月台：

  • Craigieburn線 -所有停站及有限停站服務往Broadmeadows、Craigieburn
  • Upfield線 - 往科堡（Coburg）、高里（Gowrie）、Upfield
  • 先鄧咸線 - 所有停站及有限停站服務往Sunshine、聖奧爾本斯（St Albans）、Watergardens
  • Werribee線 - 所有停站及有限停站服務往Werribee
  • 市環線 - 往Flinders Street

4號月台：

  • Lilydale/貝爾格雷夫線 - 所有停站及有限停站服務往博士山（Box Hill）、布力般（Blackburn）、靈伍德（Ringwood）、Lilydale、Upper Ferntree Gully、貝爾格雷夫（Belgrave）
  • 韋弗利谷線 - 所有停站及有限停站服務往韋弗利谷（Glen Waverley）
  • 阿拉曼線 - 往Riversdale、阿什伯頓（Ashburton）、阿拉曼（Alamein）
  • 市環線 - 往Flinders Street
編輯
  •  
    One of the Melbourne Central platforms
  •  
    XTrapolis train departing the station

參考文獻

編輯
  1. ^ S.E. Dornan and R.G. Henderson. Electric Railways of Victoria. Australian Electric Traction Society. 1979: 93. ISBN 0 909459 06 1. 
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 Metropolitan Transport Authority. MURL Booklet (PDF). www.doi.vic.gov.au. [2008-07-20]. 
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 Department of Infrastructure. Public transport - City Loop history. www.doi.vic.gov.au. [2008-07-20]. 
  4. ^ Upgrading Eltham to a Premium Station. Newsrail (Australian Railway Heritage Society (Victorian Division)). 1997: page 310.  已忽略未知參數|month=（建議使用|date=） (幫助)
  5. ^ Shopping detour forced on passengers at Melbourne Central Station. Melbourne Indymedia. November 17, 2003 [2008-07-20]. 
車站索引
市環線
逆時針 Flgstaff | Flinders Street 順時針
阿拉曼、貝爾格雷夫、格里本、艾平、法蘭克斯頓、韋弗利谷、Hurstbridge、Lilydale、帕肯漢、桑德漢姆線
上一站 Flagstaff | Parliament 下一站
Craigieburn、費明頓馬場、先鄧咸、Upfield、Werribee、威廉斯敦線
上一站 議會 | Flagstaff 下一站
近郊鐵路網絡

37°48′41.25″S 144°58′21.90″E / 37.8114583°S 144.9727500°E / -37.8114583; 144.9727500

Template:Infobox Melbourne Railway Station

航線發展

編輯

2005至2007年，墨爾本機場的國際旅客流量下跌下50萬人次。[1]雖然墨爾本機場的乘客量仍頻創新高，但2006年的統計顯而航空公司正在減少航班。英國航空撤出墨爾本後，澳洲航空在2006年3月增加往倫敦的航班以彌補流失的客量。[2]2006年第四季機場的國際旅客數字跌了百分之二，[3]而機場最後一家歐洲航空公司－奧地利航空亦於2007年3月撤出。[4] 但2007年，國際及國內數字旅客回復2006年的水平，[5]2006至07年，共有二千二百萬名乘客使用了本機場。

2008至09財政年度，機場的國際乘客流量增加了72.5萬人次。[6]2007年9月22日，大韓航空開辨直飛首爾的航班，成為墨爾本機場首條到南韓的航線。[7]Norfolk Air以每週一班航班飛往諾福克島。2007年10月，國泰航空增加到香港的航班至每日三班。[8]2008年3月30日，泰國國際航空增加班次至每日兩班。澳洲航空從2008年開始，開設每週兩班的墨爾本至上海航空，及後在2009年3月停辦。同年，中國國際航空每週三班往上海及北京的航班將不經中途站悉尼，直達目的地。[9]中國南方航空在旺季加開航班往來廣州。[10]國內航線方面，Skywest Airlines開辨每週三班柏斯－Kalgoorlie－墨爾本的新航線在2007年11月投入服務，一年後停辦。[11]澳洲老虎航空began operations in November 2007 with Melbourne Airport as its first hub, serving destinations throughout Australia from Terminal 4.

捷星航空在2008年4月17日開辦經達爾文往新加坡的航線，以較相宜的價格與傳統的直航航班競爭。[12] Air Vanuatu began a weekly service to Port Vila on 5 June 2007,[13] andNorfolk Air在2008年9月1日起增至以每週兩班飛往諾福克島。[14]馬來西亞航空和印度尼西亞鷹航空公司在2008年7月增加班次。[15]

Pacific Blue entered the underserved Auckland market with daily flights from 22 September 2008 using the 737-800,[16] while Air New Zealand also increased capacity.[17] Qantas will significantly increase capacity to Los Angeles by progressively replacing the nonstop 747-400ER with the A380-800 from 20 October 2008[18] and replacing the last A330-200 via Auckland services with the 747-400. Low-cost carrier AirAsia X began flying nonstop to Kuala Lumpur from 12 November 2008, competing with Malaysia Airlines on price. It initially operated four times a week before eventually increasing to twice daily.[19] Emirates Airline went thrice daily on 3 February 2009 using the Airbus A340-500.[20] Etihad Airways launched daily flights to Abu Dhabi from 29 March 2009 using the A340-600, providing further competition in the Middle East market.[21]V Australia will launch flights to Los Angeles from 1 December 2009 providing year-round nonstop competition to Qantas.[22]卡塔爾航空將成為第三家航空公司提供前往中東地區的航班服務，來往卡塔爾多哈的航班將於2009年12月啟航。[23]

新航線

編輯
  1. ^ Moynihan, Stephen. Tiger bites into fares, but Tulla bleeds. The Age. 2007-07-13 [2008-07-31]. 
  2. ^ Qantas to double flights between Melbourne and London. Asia Travel Tips. 2005-12-15 [2008-07-31]. 
  3. ^ http://www.melair.com.au/about_airport/media_releases_item.asp?id=276 Record passenger numbers for Melbourne Airport] 2005
  4. ^ Moynihan, Stephen. Austrian Airlines flies out. The Age. 2007-01-24 [2008-07-31]. 
  5. ^ Melbourne Airport Media Release - 'Positive international and domestic passenger growth at Melbourne Airport during 2006/2007' - 23 July 2007. [2007-07-31]. 
  6. ^ End of Year Wrap Up for Australia Pacific Airports Corporation. Melbourne Airport Media Releases (新聞稿). 2008-08-27 [2008-09-26]. 
  7. ^ Murphy, Mathew. Korean Air to announce new Melbourne service. The Age. 2007-09-05 [2008-06-30]. 
  8. ^ Cathay Pacific goes triple daily from Melbourne. Melbourne Airport Media Releases (新聞稿). 2007-07-19 [2008-06-30]. 
  9. ^ Air China strengthens position as carrier of choice between Australia & China. e-Travel Blackboard. 2007-10-10 [2008-06-30]. 
  10. ^ China Southern introduces Melbourne-Guangzhou direct service. e-Travel Blackboard. 2007-10-05 [2008-06-30]. 
  11. ^ Skywest Suspends Kalgoorlie to Melbourne Services (新聞稿). Skywest Airlines. 2008-07-29 [2008-07-31]. 
  12. ^ Jetstar to fly Melbourne-Singapore route. The Age. 2008-01-23 [2008-06-30]. 
  13. ^ Air Vanuatu to commence Melbourne service. Aviation Record. 2008-03-13 [2008-06-30]. 
  14. ^ Norfolk Air adds Melbourne service. Aviation Record. 2008-03-10 [2008-06-30]. 
  15. ^ Garuda expands capacity on more Australian routes. Aviation Record. 2008-05-05 [2008-06-30]. 
  16. ^ Virgin Blue launches daily Melbourne-Auckland service. Aviation Record. 2008-07-28 [2008-07-28]. 
  17. ^ Air NZ to increase seats to Australia. The Age. 2008-03-25 [2008-06-30]. 
  18. ^ 引用錯誤：沒有為名為qfa380的參考文獻提供內容
  19. ^ AirAsia X flies direct to Melbourne. Peanuts! Online. 2008-08-20 [2008-08-20]. 
  20. ^ Emirates announces third Melbourne flight. Travel Weekly. 2008-07-25 [2008-07-25]. 
  21. ^ Etihad to launch flights to Melbourne in 2009 (新聞稿). Etihad Airways. 2008-07-28 [2008-07-28]. 
  22. ^ V Australia announces third Trans-Pacific route direct Melbourne — Los Angeles flights (新聞稿). V Australia. 2009-02-07 [2009-02-11]. 
  23. ^ Qatar Airways To Launch Melbourne Route In Time For Holiday Rush (新聞稿). Qatar Airways. 2009-06-17 [2009-06-18]. 
  24. ^ Cebu Pacific seeks flights to Brunei and Australia. BusinessWorld Online. 2009-04-16 [2009-04-18]. 
  25. ^ Rochfort, Scott. Delta to compete with Qantas on Sydney-LA route. The Age. 2008-12-19 [2008-12-21]. 
  26. ^ Kohn, Peter. El Al direct flights still on agenda. Australian Jewish News. 2009-03-11 [2009-03-13]. 
  27. ^ JAL likes the look of Melbourne (PDF). Travel Weekly. 2008-09-01 [2008-09-01]. 
  28. ^ Sidhu, B. K. Jetstar keen to add new routes. The Star. 2008-02-18 [2008-06-30]. 
  29. ^ Murphy, Mathew. Jetstar to drop Melbourne flights to Hawaii. The Age. 2007-08-08 [2008-06-30]. 
  30. ^ Boey, Caroline. Royal Brunei starts charter to Melbourne. TTG Asia. 2003-07-03 [2008-06-30]. 
  31. ^ Royal Brunei eyes Melbourne, Adelaide. Travel Weekly. 2007-02-02 [2008-06-30]. 
  32. ^ Delegate Report on Launch of Brunei Halal Brand (PDF). City of Hume. 2007–08. 
  33. ^ Virgin Atlantic Makes Europe's Largest Single Order for Fuel-Efficient Boeing 787 Dreamliners (新聞稿). 維珍航空. 2007-04-24 [2008-06-30]. 
  34. ^ Virgin sets long term sights on Melbourne. Travel Weekly. 2006-10-11 [2008-06-30]. 
取自 "https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Bugatti03&oldid=77307036"