二乙酸碘苯

化合物

二乙酸碘苯(PIDA)是化學式C
6
H
5
I(OCOCH
3
)
2
超價碘化合物英語Hypervalent iodine,在有機化學中用作氧化劑

二乙酸碘苯
IUPAC名
Phenyl-λ3-iodanediyl diacetate
別名 I,I-二乙酰氧基碘苯
PIDA
識別
CAS號 3240-34-4
PubChem 76724
ChemSpider 69182
SMILES
 
  • CC(=O)OI(C1=CC=CC=C1)OC(=O)C
InChI
 
  • 1S/C10H11IO4/c1-8(12)14-11(15-9(2)13)10-6-4-3-5-7-10/h3-7H,1-2H3
InChIKey ZBIKORITPGTTGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N
性質
化學式 C10H11IO4
摩爾質量 322.1 g·mol−1
外觀 白色粉末
熔點 163-165 °C(436-438 K)
溶解性 反應
溶解性 可溶於乙酸、乙腈和二氯甲烷
結構
晶體結構 正交晶系
空間群 Pnn2
晶格常數 a = 15.693(3) Å, b = 8.477(2) Å, c = 8.762(2) Å
分子構型 T形分子構型英語T-shaped molecular geometry
相關物質
相關化學品 二(三氟乙酸)碘苯
若非註明,所有數據均出自標準狀態(25 ℃,100 kPa)下。

製備

編輯

二乙酸碘苯最早是由康拉德·威爾格羅德英語Conrad Willgerodt於1892年[1]通過碘苯乙酸過氧乙酸的混合物反應而成的:[2][3]

C6H5I   +   CH3CO3H   +   CH3CO2H   →   C6H5I(O2CCH3)2   +   H2O

PIDA也可以由亞碘酰苯英語iodosobenzene冰醋酸反應而成:[3]

C6H5IO   +   2 CH3CO2H   →   C6H5I(O2CCH3)2   +   H2O

二乙酸碘苯最近的合成方式是直接由、乙酸和再加上作為氧化劑的過硼酸鈉[4]過二硫酸鉀[5]一起反應而成:[6]

C6H6   +   I2   +   2 CH3CO2H   +   K2S2O8   →   C6H5I(O2CCH3)2   +   KI   +   H2SO4   +   KHSO4

結構

編輯

PIDA分子是超價分子,它的碘原子形成了三個共價鍵[7]這個分子呈T形分子構型英語T-shaped molecular geometry,其中苯基占據水平位置,而乙酰氧基占據軸向位置,C-I-O鍵角低於90°。[8]二乙酸碘苯的晶體結構是正交晶系,空間群 Pnn2。[8][9]

反應

編輯

PIDA可通過乙酰氧基的取代反應製備結構相似的試劑。舉個例子,它在三氟乙酸中加熱反應,可以得到二(三氟乙酸)碘苯(PIFA):[10][6]

 

產物PIFA則可以使酰胺在弱酸性環境[11],而不是以前需要的強鹼性環境下發生霍夫曼降解反應[12][13]N-保護的天冬酰胺可以用PIDA脫羰,這可用於合成β-氨基-L-丙氨酸衍生物。[14]

PIDA也可用於Suárez氧化反應中,這個反應可以把醇光解成環醚。[15][16][17]這個反應被用於數個全合成中,如(−)-majucin、(−)-Jiadifenoxolane A[18]和cephanolide A的全合成。[19]

參考資料

編輯
  1. ^ Willgerodt, C. Zur Kenntniss aromatischer Jodidchloride, des Jodoso- und Jodobenzols. Chem. Ber. 1892, 25 (2): 3494–3502 [2022-08-24]. doi:10.1002/cber.189202502221. (原始內容存檔於2022-05-24) (德語). 
  2. ^ (1963) "Iodosobenzene Diacetate". Org. Synth. 43: 62; Coll. Vol. 5: 660. 
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 Moriarty, Robert M.; Chany, Calvin J.; Kosmeder, Jerome W.; Du Bois, Justin. (Diacetoxyiodo)benzene. Encyclopedia of Reagents for Organic Synthesis. John Wiley & Sons. 2001. ISBN 9780470842898. doi:10.1002/047084289x.rd005m.pub2. 
  4. ^ Hossain, Md. Delwar; Kitamura, Tsugio. Unexpected, Drastic Effect of Triflic Acid on Oxidative Diacetoxylation of Iodoarenes by Sodium Perborate. A Facile and Efficient One-Pot Synthesis of (Diacetoxyiodo)arenes. J. Org. Chem. 2005, 70 (17): 6984–6986. PMID 16095332. doi:10.1021/jo050927n. 
  5. ^ Hossain, Md. Delwar; Kitamura, Tsugio. New and Direct Approach to Hypervalent Iodine Compounds from Arenes and Iodine. Straightforward Synthesis of (Diacetoxyiodo)arenes and Diaryliodonium Salts Using Potassium μ-Peroxo-hexaoxodisulfate. Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn. 2007, 80 (11): 2213–2219. doi:10.1246/bcsj.80.2213. 
  6. ^ 6.0 6.1 Dohi, Toshifumi; Kita, Yasuyuki. Oxidizing Agents. Kaiho, Tatsuo (編). Iodine Chemistry and Applications. John Wiley & Sons. 2015: 277–302. ISBN 9781118878651. 
  7. ^ Dohi, Toshifumi; Kita, Yasuyuki. Hypervalent Iodine. Kaiho, Tatsuo (編). Iodine Chemistry and Applications. John Wiley & Sons. 2015: 103–158. ISBN 9781118878651. 
  8. ^ 8.0 8.1 Lee, Chow-Kong; Mak, Thomas C. W.; Li, Wai-Kee; Kirner, John F. Iodobenzene diacetate. Acta Crystallogr. B. 1977, 33 (5): 1620–1622. doi:10.1107/S0567740877006694 . 
  9. ^ Alcock, Nathaniel W.; Countryman, Rachel M.; Esperås, Steinar; Sawyer, Jeffery F. Secondary bonding. Part 5. The crystal and molecular structures of phenyliodine(III) diacetate and bis(dichloroacetate). J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans. 1979, 1979 (5): 854–860. doi:10.1039/DT9790000854. 
  10. ^ (1988) "Hofmann Rearrangement Under Mildly Acidic Conditions Using [I,I-Bis(Trifluoroacetoxy)Iodobenzene: Cyclobutylamine Hydrochloride from Cyclobutanecarboxamide]". Org. Synth. 66; Coll. Vol. 8: 132. 
  11. ^ Aubé, Jeffrey; Fehl, Charlie; Liu, Ruzhang; McLeod, Michael C.; Motiwala, Hashim F. 6.15 Hofmann, Curtius, Schmidt, Lossen, and Related Reactions. Heteroatom Manipulations. Comprehensive Organic Synthesis II 6. 2014: 598–635. ISBN 9780080977430. doi:10.1016/B978-0-08-097742-3.00623-6. 
  12. ^ Wallis, Everett S.; Lane, John F. The Hofmann Reaction. Org. React. 1946, 3 (7): 267–306. doi:10.1002/0471264180.or003.07. 
  13. ^ Surrey, Alexander R. Hofmann Reaction. Name Reactions in Organic Chemistry 2nd. Academic Press. 1961: 134–136. ISBN 9781483258683. 
  14. ^ Zhang, Lin-hua; Kauffman, Goss S.; Pesti, Jaan A.; Yin, Jianguo. Rearrangement of Nα-Protected L-Asparagines with Iodosobenzene Diacetate. A Practical Route to β-Amino-L-alanine Derivatives. J. Org. Chem. 1997, 62 (20): 6918–6920. doi:10.1021/jo9702756. 
  15. ^ Concepción, José I.; Francisco, Cosme G.; Hernández, Rosendo; Salazar, José A.; Suárez, Ernesto. Intramolecular hydrogen abstraction. Iodosobenzene diacetate, an efficient and convenient reagent for alkoxy radical generation. Tetrahedron Letters. 1984, 25 (18): 1953–1956. doi:10.1016/S0040-4039(01)90085-1. 
  16. ^ Courtneidge, John L.; Lusztyk, Janusz; Pagé, Daniel. Alkoxyl radicals from alcohols. Spectroscopic detection of intermediate alkyl and acyl hypoiodites in the Suárez and Beebe reactions. Tetrahedron Letters. 1994, 35 (7): 1003–1006. doi:10.1016/S0040-4039(00)79950-3. 
  17. ^ Dorta, R. L.; Francisco, C.G.; Freire, R.; Suárez, E. Intramolecular hydrogen abstraction. The use of organoselenium reagents for the generation of alkoxy radicals. Tetrahedron Letters. 1988, 29 (42): 5429–5432. doi:10.1016/S0040-4039(00)82887-7. 
  18. ^ Condakes, Matthew L.; Hung, Kevin; Harwood, Stephen J.; Maimone, Thomas J. Total Syntheses of (−)-Majucin and (−)-Jiadifenoxolane A, Complex Majucin-Type Illicium Sesquiterpenes. Journal of the American Chemical Society. 2017, 139 (49): 17783–17786. doi:10.1021/jacs.7b11493. 
  19. ^ Qing, Zhineng; Mao, Peng; Wang, Tie; Zhai, Hongbin. Asymmetric Total Syntheses of Cephalotane-Type Diterpenoids Cephanolides A–D. Journal of the American Chemical Society. 2022, 144 (23): 10640–10646. doi:10.1021/jacs.2c03978.