血管疾病
血管疾病是人體循環系統的動脈和靜脈的一類血管疾病。血管疾病是心血管疾病的一個亞組。龐大的血管網絡中的疾病會導致一系列健康問題,有時會變得嚴重。[1]
血管疾病 | |
---|---|
靜脈和動脈 | |
類型 | 外周動脈疾病、腎動脈狹窄 |
診斷方法 | 靜脈造影,超聲 |
治療 | 戒煙,降低膽固醇 |
分類和外部資源 | |
醫學專科 | 血管學 |
ICD-9-CM | 430-458 |
Orphanet | 68362 |
類型
編輯血管疾病可分為數種類型,症狀因疾病類型而異。類型包括:[2]
發病機制
編輯血管疾病是大、中肌肉動脈的一種病理狀態,由內皮細胞功能障礙引發。[10]由於病原體等因素,氧化的低密度脂蛋白顆粒和其他炎症刺激內皮細胞變得活躍。[11]該過程導致血管壁增厚,形成由增殖的平滑肌細胞、巨噬細胞和淋巴細胞組成的斑塊。[12][13]斑塊導致血流受限,減少到達某些器官的氧氣和營養物質的量。[14]該斑塊也可能破裂,導致凝塊形成。[15]
診斷
編輯由於血管疾病可引起多種症狀,因此診斷血管疾病可能很複雜。回顧患者的家族史和進行體格檢查是做出診斷的重要步驟。體檢可能因疑似血管疾病的類型而異。例如,在外周血管疾病的情況下,體檢包括檢查患者腿部的血流。[16][17]
治療
編輯治療因所治療的血管疾病類型而異。在治療腎動脈疾病方面,2014年的一項研究表明,球囊血管成形術可以改善舒張壓,並可能減少抗高血壓藥物的需求。[18]對於四肢動脈疾病,預防併發症的治療很重要; 未經治療,可能會出現瘡或壞疽(組織死亡)。
通常,血管疾病的治療可能包括:[19]
參考文獻
編輯- ^ Vascular Diseases. MedlinePlus. National Library of Medicine. [2022-07-08]. (原始內容存檔於2022-07-11) (美國英語).
- ^ Hirsch, Alan T.; Haskal, Ziv J.; Hertzer, Norman R.; Bakal, Curtis W.; Creager, Mark A.; Halperin, Jonathan L.; Hiratzka, Loren F.; Murphy, William R. C.; Olin, Jeffrey W.; Puschett, Jules B.; Rosenfield, Kenneth A. ACC/AHA 2005 guidelines for the management of patients with peripheral arterial disease (lower extremity, renal, mesenteric, and abdominal aortic): executive summary a collaborative report from the American Association for Vascular Surgery/Society for Vascular Surgery, Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, Society for Vascular Medicine and Biology, Society of Interventional Radiology, and the ACC/AHA Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Develop Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Peripheral Arterial Disease) endorsed by the American Association of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Rehabilitation; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; Society for Vascular Nursing; TransAtlantic Inter-Society Consensus; and Vascular Disease Foundation. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 2006-03-21, 47 (6) [2022-07-08]. ISSN 1558-3597. PMID 16545667. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2005.10.009. (原始內容存檔於2022-07-12).
- ^ Erythromelalgia. National Health Service. 2017-10-18 [2022-07-08]. (原始內容存檔於2022-07-12) (英國英語).
- ^ Peripheral Arterial Disease. MedlinePlus. National Library of Medicine. [2022-07-08]. (原始內容存檔於2022-07-08) (美國英語).
- ^ Renal Artery Stenosis. National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. National Library of Medicine. [2022-07-08]. (原始內容存檔於2021-08-29) (美國英語).
- ^ Thromboangiitis obliterans: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia. MedlinePlus. National Library of Medicine. [2022-07-08]. (原始內容存檔於2019-07-27) (美國英語).
- ^ Raynaud's Disease. MedlinePlus. National Library of Medicine. [2022-07-08]. (原始內容存檔於2022-07-08) (美國英語).
- ^ Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC): MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia. medlineplus.gov. [2022-07-08]. (原始內容存檔於2022-07-08) (英語).
- ^ Stroke. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. 2017-10-24 [2022-07-08]. (原始內容存檔於2017-10-11) (美國英語).
- ^ Rajendran, Peramaiyan; Rengarajan, Thamaraiselvan; Thangavel, Jayakumar; Nishigaki, Yutaka; Sakthisekaran, Dhanapal; Sethi, Gautam; Nishigaki, Ikuo. The vascular endothelium and human diseases. International Journal of Biological Sciences. 2013, 9 (10) [2022-07-08]. ISSN 1449-2288. PMC 3831119 . PMID 24250251. doi:10.7150/ijbs.7502. (原始內容存檔於2022-07-11).
- ^ Bikfalvi, Andreas. Encyclopedic reference of vascular biology & pathology. Berlin: Springer. 2000. ISBN 978-3-642-57063-6. OCLC 606429154.
- ^ Rubin, Emanuel; Damjanov, Ivan. Pathology reviews. 1989. Clifton, New Jersey. 1989. ISBN 978-1-4612-4502-5. OCLC 889428595.
- ^ Gunstone, F. D.; Harwood, John L.; Dijkstra, Albert J. The Lipid Handbook with CD-ROM Third. Boca Raton, FL. 2007. ISBN 978-1-4200-0967-5. OCLC 327018169.
- ^ Pinna, Kathryn; Whitney, Eleanor Noss. Understanding normal and clinical nutrition 9th. Australia: Wadsworth/Cengage Learning. 2012. ISBN 978-0-8400-6845-3. OCLC 754909676.
- ^ Ząbczyk, Michał; Natorska, Joanna; Undas, Anetta. Fibrin Clot Properties in Atherosclerotic Vascular Disease: From Pathophysiology to Clinical Outcomes. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2021-07-05, 10 (13) [2022-07-08]. ISSN 2077-0383. PMC 8268932 . PMID 34279484. doi:10.3390/jcm10132999. (原始內容存檔於2022-07-14).
- ^ Peripheral Artery Disease - Diagnosis. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. [2022-07-09]. (原始內容存檔於2022-07-09) (美國英語).
- ^ Andras, Alina; Ferket, Bart. Screening for peripheral arterial disease. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2014-04-07, (4). ISSN 1469-493X. PMID 24711093. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD010835.pub2.
- ^ Jenks, Sara; Yeoh, Su Ern; Conway, Bryan R. Balloon angioplasty, with and without stenting, versus medical therapy for hypertensive patients with renal artery stenosis. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2014, (12). ISSN 1469-493X. PMC 7138037 . PMID 25478936. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD002944.pub2.
- ^ Peripheral Artery Disease - Treatment. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. [2022-07-09]. (原始內容存檔於2022-07-09) (美國英語).