Template:Index to chemical element infoboxes
左右對比{{Infobox element}} | {{Infobox element/sandbox}} |
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Vanadium, 23V![Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-top-image-alt](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Vanadium_etched.jpg/220px-Vanadium_etched.jpg) | General properties |
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Pronunciation | Template:Infobox element/pronunciation |
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Appearance | blue-silver-grey metal |
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Standard atomic weight (Ar, standard) | Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-saw/standard conventional: Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-saw/conventional |
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Mass number | Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-most-stable-isotope (most stable isotope) |
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Vanadium in the periodic table |
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| Atomic number (Z) | 23 |
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Group | Template:Infobox element/group |
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Period | period 4 |
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Element category | Template:Infobox element/category format |
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Block | d-block |
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Electron configuration | [Ar] 3d3 4s2 |
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Electrons per shell | 2, 8, 11, 2 |
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Physical properties |
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Phase at STP | solid |
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Melting point | 2183 K (1910 °C, 3470 °F) |
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Boiling point | 3680 K (3407 °C, 6165 °F) |
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Density (near r.t.) | 6.0 g/cm3 |
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when liquid (at m.p.) | 5.5 g/cm3 |
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Heat of fusion | 21.5 kJ/mol |
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[[Enthalpy of vaporization|Heat of Template:Engvar]] | 444 kJ/mol |
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Molar heat capacity | 24.89 J/(mol·K) |
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[[Vapor pressure|Template:Engvar pressure]] | Atomic properties |
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Oxidation states | 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, −1, −3 (an amphoteric oxide) |
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Electronegativity | Pauling scale: 1.63 |
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[[Ionization energy|Template:Engvar energies]] | - 1st: 650.9 kJ/mol
- 2nd: 1414 kJ/mol
- 3rd: 2830 kJ/mol
- (more)
|
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Atomic radius | empirical: 134 pm |
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Covalent radius | 153±8 pm |
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Template:Infobox element/spectral lines/sandbox | Other properties |
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Crystal structure | Template:Infobox element/crystal structure |
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Speed of sound thin rod | 4560 m/s (at 20 °C) |
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Thermal expansion | 8.4 µm/(m·K) (at 25 °C) |
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Thermal conductivity | 30.7 W/(m·K) |
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Electrical resistivity | 197 nΩ·m (at 20 °C) |
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Magnetic ordering | paramagnetic |
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Magnetic susceptibility | +255.0·10−6 cm3/mol (298 K)[2] |
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Young's modulus | 128 GPa |
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Shear modulus | 47 GPa |
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Bulk modulus | 160 GPa |
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Poisson ratio | 0.37 |
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Mohs hardness | 6.7 |
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Vickers hardness | 628–640 MPa |
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Brinell hardness | 600–742 MPa |
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CAS Number | 7440-62-2 |
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History |
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Discovery | Andrés Manuel del Río (1801) |
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First isolation | Nils Gabriel Sefström (1830) |
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Named by | Nils Gabriel Sefström (1830) |
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Main isotopes of vanadium |
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| | references | |
左右對比{{Infobox element}} | {{Infobox element/sandbox}} |
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Aluminium, 13Al![Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-top-image-alt](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Aluminium-4.jpg/220px-Aluminium-4.jpg) | General properties |
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Pronunciation | Template:Infobox element/pronunciation |
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Alternative name | aluminum (US, informal) |
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Appearance | silvery gray metallic |
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Standard atomic weight (Ar, standard) | Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-saw/standard conventional: Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-saw/conventional |
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Mass number | Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-most-stable-isotope (most stable isotope) |
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Aluminium in the periodic table |
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| Atomic number (Z) | 13 |
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Group | Template:Infobox element/group |
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Period | period 3 |
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Element category | Template:Infobox element/category format, sometimes considered a metalloid |
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Block | p-block |
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Electron configuration | [Ne] 3s2 3p1 |
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Electrons per shell | 2, 8, 3 |
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Physical properties |
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Phase at STP | solid |
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Melting point | 933.47 K (660.32 °C, 1220.58 °F) |
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Boiling point | 2743 K (2470 °C, 4478 °F) |
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Density (near r.t.) | 2.70 g/cm3 |
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when liquid (at m.p.) | 2.375 g/cm3 |
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Heat of fusion | 10.71 kJ/mol |
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[[Enthalpy of vaporization|Heat of Template:Engvar]] | 284 kJ/mol |
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Molar heat capacity | 24.20 J/(mol·K) |
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[[Vapor pressure|Template:Engvar pressure]] | Atomic properties |
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Oxidation states | +3, +2,[3] +1[4], −1, −2 (an amphoteric oxide) |
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Electronegativity | Pauling scale: 1.61 |
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[[Ionization energy|Template:Engvar energies]] | - 1st: 577.5 kJ/mol
- 2nd: 1816.7 kJ/mol
- 3rd: 2744.8 kJ/mol
- (more)
|
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Atomic radius | empirical: 143 pm |
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Covalent radius | 121±4 pm |
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Van der Waals radius | 184 pm |
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Template:Infobox element/spectral lines/sandbox | Other properties |
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Crystal structure | Template:Infobox element/crystal structure |
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Speed of sound thin rod | (rolled) 5000 m/s (at r.t.) |
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Thermal expansion | 23.1 µm/(m·K) (at 25 °C) |
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Thermal conductivity | 237 W/(m·K) |
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Electrical resistivity | 28.2 nΩ·m (at 20 °C) |
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Magnetic ordering | paramagnetic[5] |
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Magnetic susceptibility | +16.5·10−6 cm3/mol |
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Young's modulus | 70 GPa |
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Shear modulus | 26 GPa |
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Bulk modulus | 76 GPa |
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Poisson ratio | 0.35 |
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Mohs hardness | 2.75 |
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Vickers hardness | 160–350 MPa |
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Brinell hardness | 160–550 MPa |
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CAS Number | 7429-90-5 |
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History |
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Prediction | Antoine Lavoisier[6] (1787) |
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Discovery and first isolation | Hans Christian Ørsted[7] (1825) |
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Named by | Humphry Davy[6] (1807) |
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Main isotopes of aluminium |
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| | references | |
Side by side comparison
編輯
左右對比{{Infobox element}} | {{Infobox element/sandbox}} |
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wikipedium 00Xx
| 外觀 |
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Wikipedium appears to be a shiny hoax. In its beta form, the hoax is transparent.
![160](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Bromine_25ml.jpg/250px-Bromine_25ml.jpg) cmtcmt_file=Bromine_25ml.jpg
![200](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Neon_spectra.jpg/150px-Neon_spectra.jpg) cmtcmt_file=Neon spectra.jpg | 概況 |
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名稱·符號·序數 | wikipedium({{{enname}}})·Xx·00 |
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元素類別 | [[{{{series}}}]] |
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族·週期·區 | 11·280·290 |
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標準原子質量 | 300(310) |
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電子排布 | 330 340 |
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歷史 |
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預測 | 1360(1370年) |
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發現 | 1380(1390年) |
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分離 | 1400(1410年) |
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命名 | 1420(1430年) |
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1440 | 1450 |
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物理性質 |
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物態 | liquidcmt390 |
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密度 | (0 °C, 101.325 kPa) 410 g/L |
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密度 | (接近室溫) 420 g·cm−3 |
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密度 | (接近室溫) 430 g·cm−3 |
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密度 | (接近室溫) 440 g·cm−3 |
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熔點時液體密度 | 450 g·cm−3 |
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沸點時液體密度 | 460 g·cm−3 |
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熔點 | 470 K,480 °C,490 °F(cmt493) |
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昇華點 | 510 K,520 °C,530 °F |
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沸點 | 550 K,560 °C,570 °F(cmt573) |
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三相點 | 590 K(317 °C),600 kPa |
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臨界點 | 610 K,620 MPa |
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熔化熱 | 630 kJ·mol−1 |
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熔化熱 | 640 kJ·mol−1 |
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汽化熱 | 660 kJ·mol−1 |
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比熱容 | 680 J·mol−1·K−1 |
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比熱容 | 690 J·mol−1·K−1 |
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蒸氣壓(cmt773)
壓/Pa
|
1
|
10
|
100
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1 k
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10 k
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100 k
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溫/K
|
710
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720
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730
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740
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750
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760
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| 蒸氣壓 |
壓/Pa
|
1
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10
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100
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1 k
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10 k
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100 k
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溫/K
|
780
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790
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800
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810
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820
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830
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|
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原子性質 |
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氧化態 | 860 (cmt870) |
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電負性 | 880(鮑林標度) |
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電離能 | 第一:901 kJ·mol−1
第二:911 kJ·mol−1
第三:921 kJ·mol−1
(更多) |
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原子半徑 | 930 pm |
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原子半徑(計算值) | 940 pm |
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共價半徑 | 950 pm (cmt960) |
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范德華半徑 | 970 pm |
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雜項 |
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晶體結構 | tetragonal[20]
cmt1010 |
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磁序 | 1050 |
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電阻率 | 1070 zΩ·m |
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電阻率 | (0 °C)1080 zΩ·m |
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電阻率 | (20 °C)1091 zΩ·m |
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熱導率 | 1100 W·m−1·K−1 |
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熱導率 | 1110 W·m−1·K−1 |
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熱擴散係數 | (300 K)1120 mm2/s |
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熱膨脹係數 | 1130 µm/(m·K) |
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膨脹係數 | (25 °C)1140 µm·m−1·K−1 |
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聲速 | 1150 m·s−1 |
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聲速(細棒) | (20 °C)1160 m·s−1 |
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聲速(細棒) | (室溫)1170 m·s−1 |
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楊氏模量 | 1190 GPa |
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剪切模量 | 1200 GPa |
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體積模量 | 1210 GPa |
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泊松比 | 1220 |
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莫氏硬度 | 1230 |
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莫氏硬度 | 1240 |
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維氏硬度 | 1250 MPa |
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布氏硬度 | 1260 MPa |
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CAS號 | 1270(cmt1273) [16] |
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同位素 |
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主條目:wikipedium的同位素
cmt1310 | |
Wikipedium, 00Xx![Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-top-image-alt](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Bromine_25ml.jpg/220px-Bromine_25ml.jpg) | General properties |
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Pronunciation | Template:Infobox element/pronunciation |
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Alternative names | 21012111 |
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Allotropes | 2141 |
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Appearance | Wikipedium appears to be a shiny hoax. In its beta form, the hoax is transparent. |
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Standard atomic weight (Ar, standard) | Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-saw/standard conventional: Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-saw/conventional |
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Mass number | Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-most-stable-isotope (most stable isotope) |
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Wikipedium in the periodic table |
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| Atomic number (Z) | 00 |
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Group | Template:Infobox element/group[37] cmt11 |
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Period | period 280[53] cmt283 |
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Element category | Template:Infobox element/category format,[58] cmt250 |
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Block | 290-block[12] cmt293 |
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Electron configuration | 330 cmt333[33] |
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Electrons per shell | 340[35] cmt343 |
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Physical properties |
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cmt361 | Template:Engvar | 370 |
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Phase at STP | liquid[54] cmt390 |
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Melting point | 470 K (480 °C, 490 °F)[48] cmt493 |
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Boiling point | 550 K (560 °C, 570 °F)[13] cmt573 |
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Sublimation point | 510 K (520 °C, 530 °F)[63] cmt513 |
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Density (at STP) | 410 g/L[27] cmt413 |
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(near r.t.) | 420 g/cm3[26] cmt423 430 g/cm3[24] cmt433 440 g/cm3[25] cmt443 |
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when liquid (at m.p.) | 450 g/cm3[23] cmt453 |
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when liquid (at b.p.) | 460 g/cm3[22] cmt463 |
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Molar volume | mv cm3/mol[28] cmt902 |
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Triple point | 590 K, 600 kPa[71] cmt593 2590 K, 2600 kPa[70] cmt2593 |
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Critical point | 610 K, 620 MPa[18] cmt623 |
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Heat of fusion | 630 kJ/mol[41] cmt633 640 kJ/mol[40] cmt643 |
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[[Enthalpy of vaporization|Heat of Template:Engvar]] | 660 kJ/mol[42] cmt663 |
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Molar heat capacity | 680 J/(mol·K)[39] cmt683 690 J/(mol·K)[38] cmt693 |
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[[Vapor pressure|Template:Engvar pressure]][74] cmt773 | Template:Engvar pressure[73] cmt843 | Atomic properties |
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cmt851 | Oxidation states | 860[52] cmt870 |
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Electronegativity | Pauling scale: 880[34] cmt883 |
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[[Ionization energy|Template:Engvar energies]] | |
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Atomic radius | empirical: 930 pm[10] cmt933 calculated: 940 pm[9] cmt943 |
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Covalent radius | 950 pm[17] cmt960 |
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Van der Waals radius | 970 pm[72] cmt973 |
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Template:Infobox element/spectral lines/sandbox | Other properties |
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Crystal structure | 981 Template:Infobox element/crystal structure[20] cmt1010 |
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Crystal structure | 1020 Template:Infobox element/crystal structure[19] cmt1023 |
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Speed of sound | 1150 m/s[60] cmt1153 |
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thin rod | 1160 m/s (at 20 °C)[61] cmt1163 |
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thin rod | 1170 m/s (at r.t.)[62] cmt1173 |
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Thermal expansion | 1130 µm/(m·K)[69] cmt1133 1140 µm/(m·K) (at 25 °C)[68] cmt1143 |
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Thermal conductivity | 1100 W/(m·K)[66] cmt1103 1110 W/(m·K)[65] cmt1113 |
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Thermal diffusivity | 1120 mm2/s (at 300 K)[67] cmt1123 |
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Electrical resistivity | 1070 zΩ·m[32] cmt1073 1080 zΩ·m (at 0 °C)[30] cmt1083 1091 zΩ·m (at 20 °C)[31] cmt1093 |
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Band gap | 1280 eV (at 300 K)[11] cmt1283 |
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Curie point | 1061 K[21] cmt1063 |
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Magnetic ordering | 1050[47] cmt1053 |
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Tensile strength | 1180 MPa[64] cmt1183 |
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Young's modulus | 1190 GPa[76] cmt1193 |
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Shear modulus | 1200 GPa[59] cmt1203 |
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Bulk modulus | 1210 GPa[15] cmt1213 |
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Poisson ratio | 1220[55] cmt1223 |
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Mohs hardness | 1230[50] cmt1233 1240[49] cmt1243 |
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Vickers hardness | 1250 MPa[75] cmt1253 |
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Brinell hardness | 1260 MPa[14] cmt1263 |
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CAS Number | 1270[16] cmt1273 |
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History |
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Naming | 1350 |
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Prediction | 1360 (1370)[56] |
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Discovery | 1380 (1390)[29] |
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First isolation | 1400 (1410)[36] |
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Named by | 1420 (1430)[51] |
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1440 | 1450 |
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Main isotopes of wikipedium |
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| cmt1310 | | references | |
|density gpcm3bp=460
|density gpcm3bp comment=cmt463
|density gpcm3bp ref=<ref>param462</ref>
|density gpcm3mp=450
|density gpcm3mp comment=cmt453
|density gpcm3mp ref=<ref>param612</ref>
|density gpcm3nrt = 420
|density gpcm3nrt 2 =430
|density gpcm3nrt 2 comment=cmt433
|density gpcm3nrt 2 ref=<ref>param432</ref>
|density gpcm3nrt 3 =440
|density gpcm3nrt 3 comment=cmt443
|density gpcm3nrt 3 ref=<ref>param442</ref>
|density gpcm3nrt comment=cmt423
|density gpcm3nrt ref=<ref>param422</ref>
|density gplstp=410
|density gplstp comment=cmt413
|density gplstp ref=<ref>param412</ref>
That's 7 values:
|density gpcm3bp =
|density gpcm3mp =
|density gpcm3nrt =
|density gpcm3nrt 2 =
|density gpcm3nrt 3 =
|density gplstp =
左右對比{{Infobox element}} | {{Infobox element/sandbox}} |
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Infobox element/testcases 00Xx
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{{{above}}} ↑ Template:Infobox element/testcases ↓ {{{below}}}
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{{{left}}} ← {{{name}}} → {{{right}}}
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| | 概況 |
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名稱·符號·序數 | {{{name}}}({{{enname}}})·{{{symbol}}}·{{{number}}} |
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元素類別 | [[{{{series}}}]] |
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族·週期·區 | [[{{{group}}}族元素|{{{group}}}]]·[[第{{{period}}}周期元素|{{{period}}}]]·[[{{{block}}}區元素|{{{block}}}]] |
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標準原子質量 | {{{atomic mass}}} |
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電子排布 | {{{electron configuration}}} {{{electrons per shell}}}
lead的電子層 |
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物理性質 |
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密度 | (0 °C, 101.325 kPa) 410 g/L |
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密度 | (接近室溫) 420 g·cm−3 |
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密度 | (接近室溫) 430 g·cm−3 |
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密度 | (接近室溫) 440 g·cm−3 |
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熔點時液體密度 | 450 g·cm−3 |
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沸點時液體密度 | 460 g·cm−3 |
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原子性質 |
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氧化態 | {{{oxidation states}}} |
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|
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參考資料
以下參考資料將在條目中出現,但本列表只在本頁出現。
- ^ 1.0 1.1 Meija, Juris; et al. Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report). Pure and Applied Chemistry. 2016, 88 (3): 265–91. doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305.
- ^ Weast, Robert. CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. 1984: E110. ISBN 0-8493-0464-4.
- ^ Aluminium monoxide
- ^ Aluminium iodide
- ^
Lide, D. R. Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds (PDF). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 81st. CRC Press. 2000. ISBN 0849304814.
- ^ 6.0 6.1
Aluminum. Los Alamos National Laboratory. [3 March 2013].
- ^ 13 Aluminium. Elements.vanderkrogt.net. [2008-09-12].
- ^ param312
- ^ param942
- ^ param932
- ^ param1282
- ^ param292
- ^ param572
- ^ param1262
- ^ param1212
- ^ param1272
- ^ param952
- ^ param622
- ^ param1022
- ^ param1000
- ^ param1062
- ^ param462
- ^ param612
- ^ param432
- ^ param442
- ^ param422
- ^ param412
- ^ param901
- ^ param1392
- ^ param1082
- ^ param1092
- ^ param1072
- ^ param332
- ^ param882
- ^ param342
- ^ param442
- ^ param272
- ^ param692
- ^ param682
- ^ param642
- ^ param632
- ^ param662
- ^ param902
- ^ param912
- ^ param922
- ^ param2902
- ^ param1052
- ^ param492
- ^ param1242
- ^ param1232
- ^ param1412
- ^ param862
- ^ param282
- ^ param382
- ^ param1222
- ^ param1372
- ^ param232
- ^ param242
- ^ param1202
- ^ param1152
- ^ param1162
- ^ param1172
- ^ param512
- ^ param1182
- ^ param1112
- ^ param1102
- ^ param1122
- ^ param1142
- ^ param1132
- ^ param2592
- ^ param592
- ^ param972
- ^ param842
- ^ param772
- ^ param1252
- ^ param1192
- ^ param462
- ^ param612
- ^ param432
- ^ param442
- ^ param422
- ^ param412