森林眼鏡蛇學名Naja melanoleuca),又名黑白眼鏡蛇[4],為一種分佈於非洲中西部的毒蛇,常見於低地森林熱帶草原,但亦能適應更乾燥的生境及擅長游泳。[5]其為眼鏡蛇屬中體型最大的成員,體長可達3.1,也是非洲最大的眼鏡蛇[6]此蛇食性廣泛,獵物涵蓋昆蟲及各類體型適合的爬行哺乳動物[4]這種眼鏡蛇機警、敏捷、危險性高[5][7],在受騷擾時會鼓起頸部並抬起前半身,作出攻擊的姿勢。由於不同因素,被森林眼鏡蛇咬傷的人不多,但一旦被咬則需盡快就醫,因其可危及生命。[8]

森林眼鏡蛇
科學分類 編輯
界: 動物界 Animalia
門: 脊索動物門 Chordata
綱: 爬蟲綱 Reptilia
目: 有鱗目 Squamata
亞目: 蛇亞目 Serpentes
科: 眼鏡蛇科 Elapidae
屬: 眼鏡蛇屬 Naja
種:
森林眼鏡蛇 N. melanoleuca
二名法
Naja melanoleuca
Hallowell, 1857[2][3]
異名[2]
列表
    • Naja haje var. melanoleuca
      Hallowell, 1857
    • Naja annulata
      Buchholz & Peters, 1876
    • Aspidelaps bocagii
      Sauvage, 1884
    • Naja haje var. leucosticta
      Fischer, 1885
    • Naia melanoleuca
      Boulenger, 1896
    • Naja leucostica
      Bethencourt-Ferreira, 1930
    • Naja melanoleuca subfulva
      Laurent, 1955
    • Naja melanoleuca melanoleuca
      Capocaccia, 1961
    • Naja melanoleuca subfulva
      Broadley, 1962
    • Naja melanoleuca aurata
      Stucki-Stirn, 1979
    • Naja subfulva
      Chirio, 2006
    • Naja melanoleuca subfulva
      Chirio & Lebreton, 2007
    • Naja (Boulengerina) melanoleuca
      Wallach, 2009

參考來源

編輯
  1. ^ Jallow, M., Penner, J., Rödel, M.-O., Luiselli, L., Chippaux, J.-P., Gonwouo, N.L., Kusamba, C. & Zassi-Boulou, A.-G. 2021. Naja melanoleuca. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2021: e.T13265900A13265907. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T13265900A13265907.en. Downloaded on 12 August 2021.
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 Naja melanoleuca. Encyclopedia of Life. [2014-03-22]. (原始內容存檔於2013-09-16). 
  3. ^ Naja melanoleuca. ITIS (整合分類學資訊系統). [07-01-2015]. (原始內容存檔於2011-10-24). 
  4. ^ 4.0 4.1 Naja melanoleuca. Clinical Toxinology Resource. University of Adelaide(阿德雷得大學). [2014-03-22]. (原始內容存檔於2013-11-05). 
  5. ^ 5.0 5.1 O'Shea, M. Venomous Snakes of the World. United Kingdom: New Holland Publishers. 2005: 71. ISBN 0-691-12436-1. 
  6. ^ Burton, M. International Wildlife Encyclopedia. United States: Marshall Cavendish Corp; 3rd edition. 2002: 481–482. ISBN 0-7614-7270-3. 
  7. ^ Haji, R. Venomous snakes and snake bite (PDF). Zoocheck Canada Inc.: 14. [2012-02-27]. (原始內容 (PDF)存檔於2012-04-25). 
  8. ^ Immediate First Aid for bites by the Forest cobra (Naja melanoleuca). Toxicology. University of California, San Diego. [2014-03-22]. (原始內容存檔於2014-02-12). Clinical experience with Naja melanoleuca has been very sparse, and few recorded bites have been documented.