氫嗎啡酮
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氫嗎啡酮（英語：hydromorphone，也稱為二氫嗎啡酮，dihydromorphinone，商品名：Dilaudid）是一種含氮有機化合物，化學式C17H19NO3，是一種用於緩解中度至重度疼痛的嗎啡喃類阿片藥物[5]。
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| 臨床資料 | |
|---|---|
| 商品名 | Dilaudid, Palladone, others |
| 其他名稱 | Dihydromorphinone |
| AHFS/Drugs.com | Monograph |
| MedlinePlus | a682013 |
| 核准狀況 | |
| 懷孕分級 | |
| 依賴性 | High[2] |
| 成癮性 | High[3] |
| 給藥途徑 | By mouth, intramuscular, intravenous, subcutaneous |
| 藥物類別 | Opioid |
| ATC碼 | |
| 法律規範狀態 | |
| 法律規範 |
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| 藥物動力學數據 | |
| 生物利用度 | By mouth: 30–35%, Intranasal: 52–58%,[4] IV/IM: 100% |
| 血漿蛋白結合率 | 20% |
| 藥物代謝 | 肝 |
| 藥效起始時間 | 15-30分鐘[5] |
| 生物半衰期 | 2–3 hours[6] |
| 作用時間 | 4 to 5 hrs[5] |
| 排泄途徑 | Kidney |
| 識別資訊 | |
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| CAS號 | 466-99-9  |
| PubChem CID | |
| IUPHAR/BPS | |
| DrugBank | |
| ChemSpider | |
| UNII | |
| KEGG | |
| ChEBI | |
| ChEMBL | |
| CompTox Dashboard (EPA) | |
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.006.713 |
| 化學資訊 | |
| 化學式 | C17H19NO3 |
| 摩爾質量 | 285.34 g·mol−1 |
| 3D模型（JSmol） | |
| 水溶性 | HCl salt: 333 |
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該藥物通常用於緩解癌症導致的劇痛，以口服或靜脈、肌肉、皮下注射施用，藥效在施用後30分鐘作用，可持續5小時左右。哺乳或懷孕者禁用本藥。該藥物列名世界衛生組織基本藥物標準清單[8]。在2021年，該藥物名列美國最常處方藥排名第261名。
參考文獻
編輯- ^ Hydromorphone Use During Pregnancy. Drugs.com. 19 November 2019 [16 May 2020]. （原始內容存檔於2020-11-26）.
- ^ Bonewit-West K, Hunt SA, Applegate E. Today's Medical Assistant: Clinical and Administrative Procedures. Elsevier Health Sciences. 2012: 571 [2024-02-12]. ISBN 9781455701506. （原始內容存檔於2023-01-10） （英語）.
- ^ Bonewit-West K, Hunt SA, Applegate E. Today's Medical Assistant: Clinical and Administrative Procedures. Elsevier Health Sciences. 2012: 571 [20 August 2019]. ISBN 9781455701506. （原始內容存檔於10 January 2023）.
- ^ Coda BA, Rudy AC, Archer SM, Wermeling DP. Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of single-dose intranasal hydromorphone hydrochloride in healthy volunteers. Anesthesia and Analgesia. July 2003, 97 (1): 117–23, table of contents. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.551.6509
. PMID 12818953. S2CID 22694749. doi:10.1213/01.ANE.0000066311.40978.4F.
- ^ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Hydromorphone Hydrochloride Monograph for Professionals. Drugs.com. American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. [15 April 2019]. （原始內容存檔於2019-06-01） （英語）.
- ^ Vallner JJ, Stewart JT, Kotzan JA, Kirsten EB, Honigberg IL. Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of hydromorphone following intravenous and oral administration to human subjects. Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. April 1981, 21 (4): 152–156. PMID 6165742. S2CID 29864565. doi:10.1002/j.1552-4604.1981.tb05693.x.
- ^ Anvisa. RDC Nº 784 - Listas de Substâncias Entorpecentes, Psicotrópicas, Precursoras e Outras sob Controle Especial [Collegiate Board Resolution No. 784 - Lists of Narcotic, Psychotropic, Precursor, and Other Substances under Special Control]. Diário Oficial da União. 31 March 2023 (4 April 2023) [16 August 2023]. （原始內容存檔於3 August 2023） （巴西葡萄牙語）.
- ^ World Health Organization. The selection and use of essential medicines 2023: web annex A: World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 23rd list (2023). Geneva: World Health Organization. 2023. hdl:10665/371090 . WHO/MHP/HPS/EML/2023.02.
外部連結
編輯- Article discussing withdrawal of extended-release hydromorphone from the U.S. market （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）
- Dihydromorphinones from morphine & analogues （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）
- United States DEA's perspective, including statistics on manufacture and prescription levels from 1998 to 2006
- "When is a pain doctor a drug pusher?" （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）, The New York Times, 17 June 2007