右旋安非他命

右旋安非他命(英語:Dextroamphetamine[注 1]是強力中樞神經興奮劑,也是苯丙胺(「安非他命」) 的對映異構體,是注意力不足過動症(ADHD)和發作性嗜睡病的處方藥。[10]此外,它也被用作提升運動員能力的興奮劑,也是一種益智藥,同時人們在享樂時也將其用作春藥產生欣快感的藥。此外,空軍也將右旋安非他命廣泛用作「抗睡丸」,在諸如夜間轟炸之類的容易疲倦的任務中使用。第二次世界大戰期間,該藥物也被用來治療疲倦。

右旋安非他命
INN Dexamfetamine
臨床資料
AHFS/Drugs.comMonograph
MedlinePlusa605027
核准狀況
懷孕分級
依賴性生理依賴:無
精神依賴:中
成癮性
給藥途徑口服
ATC碼
法律規範狀態
法律規範
藥物動力學數據
生物利用度Oral 75–100%[1]
血漿蛋白結合率15–40%
藥物代謝CYP2D6多巴胺β羥化酶[9] FMO3英語Flavin-containing monooxygenase
藥效起始時間英語Onset of actionIR服用:0.5至1.5小時[2][3]
XR服用:1.5至2小時[4][5]
生物半衰期9至11小時[6]
不同的PH值:8至31小時
作用時間IR服用:3至7小時[4][7]
XR服用:12小時[4][5][7]
排泄途徑腎(45%);[8]取決於尿液的pH值
識別資訊
  • (2S)-1-phenylpropan-2-amine
CAS編號51-64-9  checkY
PubChem CID
IUPHAR/BPS
DrugBank
ChemSpider
UNII
KEGG
ChEBI
ChEMBL
CompTox Dashboard英語CompTox Chemicals Dashboard (EPA)
ECHA InfoCard100.000.103 編輯維基數據鏈接
化學資訊
化學式C9H13N
摩爾質量135.20622
3D模型(JSmol英語JSmol
密度0.913 g/cm3
沸點201.5 °C(394.7 °F)
水溶性20 mg/mL (20 °C)
  • C[C@@H](Cc1ccccc1)N
  • InChI=InChI=1S/C9H13N/c1-8(10)7-9-5-3-2-4-6-9/h2-6,8H,7,10H2,1H3/t8-/m0/s1 ☒N
  • Key:KWTSXDURSIMDCE-QMMMGPOBSA-N checkY

腳註

編輯
  1. ^ 其他英文名稱:dexamphetamineAAN英語Australian Approved Name)、dexamfetamine國際非專利藥品名稱BAN英語British Approved Name)、(S)-amphetamine(+)-amphetamineD-amphetamine

參考資料

編輯
  1. ^ Dextromphetamine. DrugBank. [2013-11-05]. (原始內容存檔於2019-08-06).  |section=被忽略 (幫助)
  2. ^ Green-Hernandez, Carol; Singleton, Joanne K.; Aronzon, Daniel Z. Primary Care Pediatrics. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 2001-01-01: 243 [2017-05-07]. ISBN 9780781720083. (原始內容存檔於2016-05-23). |quote = Table 21.2 Medications for ADHD ... D-amphetamine ... Onset: 30 min.
  3. ^ Dexedrine, ProCentra(dextroamphetamine) dosing, indications, interactions, adverse effects, and more. reference.medscape.com. [2015-10-04]. (原始內容存檔於2018-11-06). Onset of action: 1–1.5 hr 
  4. ^ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Millichap JG. Chapter 9: Medications for ADHD. Millichap JG (編). Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Handbook: A Physician's Guide to ADHD 2nd. New York, USA: Springer. 2010: 112. ISBN 9781441913968.
    Table 9.2 Dextroamphetamine formulations of stimulant medication
    Dexedrine [Peak:2–3 h] [Duration:5–6 h] ...
    Adderall [Peak:2–3 h] [Duration:5–7 h]
    Dexedrine spansules [Peak:7–8 h] [Duration:12 h] ...
    Adderall XR [Peak:7–8 h] [Duration:12 h]
    Vyvanse [Peak:3–4 h] [Duration:12 h]
     
  5. ^ 5.0 5.1 Brams M, Mao AR, Doyle RL. Onset of efficacy of long-acting psychostimulants in pediatric attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Postgrad. Med. September 2008, 120 (3): 69–88. PMID 18824827. doi:10.3810/pgm.2008.09.1909. Onset of efficacy was earliest for d-MPH-ER at 0.5 hours, followed by d, l-MPH-LA at 1 to 2 hours, MCD at 1.5 hours, d, l-MPH-OR at 1 to 2 hours, MAS-XR at 1.5 to 2 hours, MTS at 2 hours, and LDX at approximately 2 hours. ... MAS-XR, and LDX have a long duration of action at 12 hours postdose 
  6. ^ Adderall IR Prescribing Information (PDF). United States Food and Drug Administration. Teva Pharmaceuticals USA, Inc.: 1–6. October 2015 [2016-05-18]. (原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2018-09-15). 
  7. ^ 7.0 7.1 Mignot EJ. A practical guide to the therapy of narcolepsy and hypersomnia syndromes. Neurotherapeutics. October 2012, 9 (4): 739–752. PMC 3480574 . PMID 23065655. doi:10.1007/s13311-012-0150-9. 
  8. ^ dextrostat (dextroamphetamine sulfate) tablet [Shire US Inc.]. DailyMed. Wayne, PA: Shire US Inc. August 2006 [2013-11-08]. (原始內容存檔於2012-01-13). 
  9. ^ Lemke TL, Williams DA, Roche VF, Zito W. Foye's Principles of Medicinal Chemistry 7th. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 2013: 648. ISBN 1609133455. Alternatively, direct oxidation of amphetamine by DA β-hydroxylase can afford norephedrine. 
  10. ^ Dexedrine Prescribing Information (PDF). United States Food and Drug Administration. Amedra Pharmaceuticals LLC: 1–7. February 2015 [2015-09-04]. (原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2017-02-17).