纤肢龙目
纤肢龙目(学名:Araeoscelidia)是个已灭绝的双孔类爬行动物演化支,外表类似蜥蜴。牠们包括纤肢龙、油页岩蜥、可能水生的齐椎蜥(Spinoaequalis)、还有所知不多的Kadaliosaurus、Zarcasaurus。
纤肢龙目![]() 化石时期:
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油页岩蜥 | |
科学分类 ![]() | |
界: | 动物界 Animalia |
门: | 脊索动物门 Chordata |
纲: | 爬行纲 Reptilia |
演化支: | 真爬行动物 Eureptilia |
演化支: | 卢默龙类 Romeriida |
亚纲: | 双孔亚纲 Diapsida |
目: | †纤肢龙目 Araeoscelidia Williston, 1913 |
演化支 | |
本演化支被认为是所有后来的双孔类动物的姐妹演化支。
叙述
编辑纤肢龙目是群小型爬行动物,身长不超过1米。外型类似现代蜥蜴,与现代蜥蜴的亲缘关系相当远。纤肢龙类的四肢、尾巴修长,具有两个颞颥孔,使牠们不同于其他早期爬行动物。纤肢龙缺少下颞孔,只有上颞孔,形成类似阔孔亚纲的颅骨。
属
编辑纤肢龙目的著名属包含:纤肢龙、油页岩蜥、齐椎蜥(Spinoaequalis),上述属已发现较完整的骨骼。Aphelosaurus、Kadaliosaurus只有发现颅后骨骼部分,Zarcasaurus则只有发现一个下颌。
种系发生学
编辑以下演化树来自于deBraga与Reisz(1995年)、Falconnet与Steyer(2007年)的研究:
双孔亚纲 |
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地理分布与地层分布
编辑纤肢龙类的油页岩蜥、齐椎蜥(Spinoaequalis)发现于石炭纪晚期的美国。Aphelosaurus生存于二叠纪早期的法国,Kadaliasaurus生存于二叠纪早期的德国,纤肢龙、Dictybolos、Zarcasaurus生存于二叠纪早期的美国。除了纤肢龙目,二叠纪早期的其他双孔亚纲动物只有两个属,生存于德州的Apsisaurus、奥克拉荷马州的山猎蜥。
参考资料
编辑- Carroll, Robert L. Vertebrate paleontology and evolution. New York: W.H. Freeman and Co. 1988.
- Benton, Michael J. Vertebrate paleontology 2nd edition. Oxford: Blackwell Science. 2000.
- deBraga, M. & Reisz, R. R. (1995). A new diapsid reptile from the uppermost Carboniferous (Stephanian) of Kansas. Palaeontology 38: 199-212.
- deBraga, M. & Rieppel, O. (1997). Reptile phylogeny and the interrelationships of turtles. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 120: 281-354.
- Brinkman, D. B., Berman, D. S. & Eberth, D. Z. (1984). A new araeoscelid reptile, Zarcasaurus tandyderus, from the Culter Formation, (Lower Permian) of north-central New Mexico. New Mexico Geology 6 (2): 34-39.
- Credner, H. (1889). Die Stegocephalen und Saurier aus dem Rothliegenden des Plauen’schen Grundes bei Dresden. 8 – Kadaliosaurus priscus Cred. Zeitschrift der deustchen geologischen Gesellschaft 41: 319-342.
- Evans, S. E. (1988). The early history and relationships of the Diapsida. In: M. J. Benton (ed.), The phylogeny and classification of the tetrapods, Volume 1: Amphibians, Reptiles, Birds. Systematics Association Special Volume 35 A: 221-260. Clarendon Press, Oxford.
- Falconnet, J. & Steyer, J.-S. (2007). Revision, osteology and locomotion of Aphelosaurus, an enigmatic reptile from the Lower Permian of France. Journal of Morphology (abstract of the 8th International Congress of Vertebrate Morphology, Paris, July 2007): 38.
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- Olson, E.C. (1970). New and little known genera and species of vertebrates from the Lower Permian of Oklahoma. Fieldiana, Geology 18: 359-434.
- Peabody, F. E. (1952). Petrolacosaurus kansensis Lane, a Pennsylvanian reptile from Kansas. University of Kansas Paleontological Contribution 10: 1-41.
- Reisz, R. R. (1981). A diapsid reptile from the Pennsylvanian of Kansas. Special Publication of the Museum of Natural History, University of Kansas 7: 1-74.
- Reisz, R. R., Berman, D. S. & Scott, D. (1984). The anatomy and relationships of the Lower Permian reptile Araeoscelis. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 4 (1): 57-67.
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- Thévenin, A. (1910). Les plus anciens quadrupèdes de France. Annales de Paléontologie 5 : 1-65.
- Vaughn, P. P. (1955). The Permian reptile Araeoscelis restudied. Bulletin of the Harvard Museum of Comparative Zoology 113: 305-467.