伊朗库尔德斯坦民主党
伊朗库尔德斯坦民主党(简称PDKI或KDPI,库尔德语:حیزبی دێموکراتی کوردستانی ئێران,罗马化:Hîzbî Dêmukratî Kurdistanî Êran, HDKA; 波斯语:حزب دموکرات کردستان ایران,罗马化:Ḥezb-e Demokrāt-e Kordestān-e Īrān)是伊朗库尔德人的武装左翼政党,因在伊朗被查禁而流亡于伊拉克北部[27][28]。此组织主张库尔德人民族自决,推动库德分离主义[29][30][17]或追求联邦制下的自治权[28][31]。
伊朗库尔德斯坦民主党 Hîzbî Dêmokiratî Kurdistanî Êran | |
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秘书长 | 穆斯塔法·赫贾里 |
创始人 | 卡齐·穆罕默德 |
成立 | 1945年8月16日 |
分裂自 | 伊朗人民党[1] |
总部 | |
党员 (2008年) | 1,200人-1,800人[3] |
意识形态 | 库德民族主义[4] 民主社会主义[4] 社会民主主义[4] 进步主义[4] 世俗主义[5] 历史上 反帝国主义[6] 文化保守主义[7] |
政治立场 | 中间偏左[8] 历史上: 左派[9] |
国内组织 |
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国际组织 | 社会党国际 (咨询委员) 进步联盟 无代表国家和民族组织 |
口号 | 伊朗民主、库德自治[12] |
官方网站 | |
pdki | |
伊朗政治 政党 · 选举 |
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领导人 | 穆斯托伐·巴尔札尼(1940年代)[13] |
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活跃期 |
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活跃地区 | 伊拉克库尔德斯坦、伊朗库尔德斯坦省与西阿塞拜疆省 |
人数 | |
盟友 | |
对手 |
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/PDKI_fighters.jpg/220px-PDKI_fighters.jpg)
自1979年起伊朗库尔德斯坦民主党即以游击战的形式持续对抗伊朗伊斯兰共和国政府,包括1979年伊朗库德起义、1989年-1996年间的伊朗库尔德斯坦民主党动乱与2016年至今的伊朗西部动乱等[28],伊朗伊斯兰革命卫队将其视为恐怖组织[32]。
历史
编辑伊朗库尔德斯坦民主党于1945年8月16日由库德民族主义者卡齐·穆罕默德在伊朗马哈巴德建立[33],穆罕穆德等领导人均被逮捕处决[34]。
随后伊朗库尔德斯坦民主党与伊朗人民党合作,在穆罕默德·摩萨台统治时期(1951年至1953年)短暂复苏,但巴勒维国王重新掌权后再度失势。1958年伊朗库尔德斯坦民主党一度打算与库尔德斯坦民主党(KDP)合并,但在合并完成前即被伊朗秘密警察萨瓦克查禁,残余成员原本支持KDP,不过巴勒维政权随后开始资助KDP对抗伊拉克政权,作为交换条件KDP也停止支持伊朗库尔德斯坦民主党[35]。伊朗库尔德斯坦民主党被迫重组,其中亲KDP的领导人艾哈迈德·陶菲克(Ahmad Tawfiq)渐被边缘化,同时许多共产主义者与民族主义者加入,组成革命委员会以继续对抗巴勒维政权,委员会于1967年发动起义,但于一年后宣告失败[36][34][35]。
在新任领导人阿布都·拉曼·卡西姆卢领导下,伊朗库尔德斯坦民主党与伊斯兰主义者、共产主义者合作以对抗巴勒维政权,于1979年伊朗伊斯兰革命中将其推翻[37][35],然而何梅尼的新政权拒绝了库尔德人的诉求,反而开始镇压伊朗库尔德斯坦民主党等库德组织,伊朗库尔德斯坦民主党继续在海外流亡,推动伊朗民主化、联邦化与库尔德人自治[34]。
1981年,伊拉克开始资助伊朗库尔德斯坦民主党,向其提供武器,在诺德沙、席林堡等边界城市从事游击活动[38],企图阻止伊朗使用通往巴格达的高速公路,但伊朗多次镇压其活动,在两伊战争期间伊朗库尔德斯坦民主党始终未能扮演重要角色[38]。1997年该党呼吁伊朗库尔德人杯葛1997年伊朗总统选举,但成效不彰[39]。2016年马哈巴德示威爆发后,该党宣布恢复武装活动[40]。
参考文献
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