蛲虫感染
蛲虫感染(Pinworm infection),或称蛲虫病(enterobiasis),是一种因为蛲虫而导致的人类寄生虫疾病人类寄生虫病'[3]。最常见的症状为肛门周围的强烈骚痒感[1],还可能因此有失眠的困扰[1]。从误食蛲虫卵一直到蛲虫在宿主肛门口制造出新虫卵,大约需要四到八周的时间[2]。某部分的患者在感染后,可能不会有任何病征的产生[1]。
蛲虫感染 Pinworm infection | |
---|---|
又称 | Enterobiasis, oxyuriasis[1] |
蛲虫卵(蛲虫) | |
症状 | 肛门骚痒[1] |
起病年龄 | 接触病原后4至8周[2] |
类型 | nematode infection[*]、反向人畜共患病、蠕虫感染、oxyuriasis[*]、疾病 |
病因 | 蛲虫(Enterobius vermicularis)[3] |
风险因素 | 入学[1] |
诊断方法 | 检查是否有蛲虫或是蛲虫卵s[1] |
预防 | 洗手、每天洗澡、每天换内裤[1] |
药物 | 甲苯咪唑、噻嘧啶、阿苯达唑[4] |
预后 | 不严重[5] |
患病率 | 常见[1][5] |
分类和外部资源 | |
医学专科 | 感染性疾病 |
ICD-11 | 1F65 |
ICD-9-CM | 127.4 |
DiseasesDB | 13041 |
蛲虫感染主要是借着虫卵在宿主间传播[1]。蛲虫卵最常见于肛门口周遭,且在一般环境中,可自然存活达三个星期之久[1]。当人类不慎接触到已感染的手、食物甚至是物品时,就有可能不小心吞食虫卵而遭受感染[1]。此疾病的高危险群包括学童、住在长期照护机构的患者、监狱中的犯人或是因为照顾患有蛲虫感染的病人等[1]。其他动物不会散播蛲虫[1]。诊断方法为,以肉眼观察,约可发现已长至一公分大小的蛲虫或是依靠显微镜来找出患者体内潜藏的虫卵[1][6]。
治疗蛲虫感染通常会使用2种药物:甲苯咪唑及噻嘧啶,或是每2周服用阿苯达唑[4]。所有与患者同住或负责照顾患者的人都应该同时接受治疗[1],于每次服药后也应该将个人衣物等物品以热水洗涤[1]。正确洗手、每天早上淋浴,以及每天替换贴身衣物可以避免重复感染[1]。
蛲虫感染在全球都很普遍[1][5],在发达国家更是最常被感染的寄生虫疾病 [1]。学龄儿童则是最容易被感染的族群[1]。在美国,约有20%的人在一生当中曾经罹患此症[3],在高风险族群中的感染率更可能高达50%[2]。据信自有人类以来就有蛲虫感染[7],但现已不难治愈[5]。
脚注
编辑- ^ 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 1.11 1.12 1.13 1.14 1.15 1.16 1.17 1.18 1.19 1.20 Pinworm Infection FAQs. CDC. 2013-01-10 [2016-10-16]. (原始内容存档于2016-10-15).
- ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Epidemiology & Risk Factors. CDC. 2013-01-10 [2016-10-16]. (原始内容存档于2016-10-18).
- ^ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Stermer, E; Sukhotnic, I; Shaoul, R. Pruritus ani: an approach to an itching condition. Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition. May 2009, 48 (5): 513–6. PMID 19412003. doi:10.1097/mpg.0b013e31818080c0.
- ^ 4.0 4.1 Treatment. CDC. 2016-09-23 [2016-10-16]. (原始内容存档于2016-10-18).
- ^ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 Griffiths, Christopher; Barker, Jonathan; Bleiker, Tanya; Chalmers, Robert; Creamer, Daniel. Rook's Textbook of Dermatology, 4 Volume Set 9. John Wiley & Sons. 2016: 33.13 [2018-12-03]. ISBN 9781118441176. (原始内容存档于2020-08-11) (英语).
- ^ Biology. CDC. 2013-01-10 [2016-10-16]. (原始内容存档于2016-10-18).
- ^ Bynum, W. F.; Porter, Roy. Companion Encyclopedia of the History of Medicine. Routledge. 2013: 358 [2018-12-03]. ISBN 9781136110368. (原始内容存档于2017-11-05) (英语).
- 参考资料
- Hasegawa H, Ikeda Y, Fujisaki A, et al. Morphology of chimpanzee pinworms, Enterobius (Enterobius) anthropopitheci (Gedoelst, 1916) (Nematoda: Oxyuridae), collected from chimpanzees, Pan troglodytes, on Rubondo Island, Tanzania. The Journal of Parasitology. December 2005, 91 (6): 1314–7. PMID 16539010. doi:10.1645/GE-569R.1.
- Pinworm. Encyclopædia Britannica. [2009-04-08]. (原始内容存档于2015-05-15).
- Enterobiasis. Merriam-Webster's Medical Dictionary. Merriam-Webster. [2009-04-08]. (原始内容存档于2016-03-03).
- Oxyuriasis. Merriam-Webster's Medical Dictionary. Merriam-Webster. [2009-04-08]. (原始内容存档于2021-02-24).
- Totkova A, Klobusicky M, Holkova R, Valent M. Enterobius gregorii—reality or fiction? (PDF). Bratislavské Lekárske Listy. 2003, 104 (3): 130–133 [2018-12-03]. PMID 12940699. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2017-03-04).
- Enterobius. NCBI taxonomy database. National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine. 2009 [2009-04-08]. (原始内容存档于2018-05-14).
- Enterobiasis. DPDx. Division of Parasitic Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. [2009-04-08]. (原始内容存档于2013-11-27).
- Nakano T, Okamoto M, Ikeda Y, Hasegawa H. Mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 gene and nuclear rDNA regions of Enterobius vermicularis parasitic in captive chimpanzees with special reference to its relationship with pinworms in humans. Parasitology Research. December 2006, 100 (1): 51–7. PMID 16788831. doi:10.1007/s00436-006-0238-4.
- Hugot JP. Enterobius gregorii (Oxyuridae, Nematoda), a new human parasite. Annales de Parasitologie Humaine et Comparée. 1983, 58 (4): 403–4. PMID 6416131. doi:10.1051/parasite/1983584403 (法语).
- Hasegawa H, Takao Y, Nakao M, Fukuma T, Tsuruta O, Ide K. Is Enterobius gregorii Hugot, 1983 (Nematoda: Oxyuridae) a distinct species?. Journal of Parasitology. February 1998, 84 (1): 131–4. JSTOR 3284542. PMID 9488350. doi:10.2307/3284542.
- Gutiérrez, Yezid. Diagnostic pathology of parasitic infections with clinical correlations (PDF) Second. Oxford University Press. 2000: 354–366 [2009-08-21]. ISBN 0-19-512143-0.
- Cook, Gordon C; Zumla, Alimuddin I. Manson's tropical diseases Twentysecond. Saunders Elsevier. 2009: 1515–1519 [2009-11-18]. ISBN 978-1-4160-4470-3.
- B80: Enterobiasis. International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD) 10th Revision. World Health Organization. 2007 [2009-12-05]. (原始内容存档于2009-09-06).
- Cook GC. Enterobius vermicularis infection. Gut. September 1994, 35 (9): 1159–62. PMC 1375686 . PMID 7959218. doi:10.1136/gut.35.9.1159.
- Garcia, Lynne Shore. Practical guide to diagnostic parasitology. American Society for Microbiology. 2009: 246–247 [2009-12-05]. ISBN 1-55581-154-X.
- Burkhart CN, Burkhart CG. Assessment of frequency, transmission, and genitourinary complications of enterobiasis (pinworms). International Journal of Dermatology. October 2005, 44 (10): 837–40. PMID 16207185. doi:10.1111/j.1365-4632.2004.02332.x.
- Caldwell JP. Pinworms (Enterobius vermicularis). Canadian Family Physician. February 1982, 28: 306–9. PMC 2306321 . PMID 21286054.
- Vanderkooi M. Village Medical Manual 5th. 2000.
外部链接
编辑- Brown MD. Images in clinical medicine. Enterobius vermicularis. The New England Journal of Medicine. March 2006, 354 (13): e12. PMID 16571876. doi:10.1056/NEJMicm040931.