維基百科

翼狀豬籠草

翼狀豬籠草[17]（學名：Nepenthes alata），又名紅豬籠草，是菲律賓特有的熱帶食蟲植物。[7][18]其種加詞「alata」來源於拉丁文「alatus」，意為「翼狀的」。翼狀豬籠草形態多樣性極高，其下類群分類地位不斷更新。

翼狀豬籠草
翼狀豬籠草的上位籠，攝於菲律賓呂宋島北部巴納韋及薩加達附近
保護狀況
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無危（IUCN 3.1）[1]
科學分類 編輯
界： 植物界 Plantae
演化支： 維管束植物 Tracheophyta
演化支： 被子植物 Angiosperms
演化支： 真雙子葉植物 Eudicots
目： 石竹目 Caryophyllales
科： 豬籠草科 Nepenthaceae
屬： 豬籠草屬 Nepenthes
種：
翼狀豬籠草 N. alata
二名法
Nepenthes alata
Blanco, 1837[2]
異名

在園藝上，翼狀豬籠草是最容易栽培且栽培得最廣泛的物種之一[19]，在台灣曾廣泛栽培。但因其與葫蘆豬籠草（N. ventricosa）的雜交種——紅瓶豬籠草（N. × ventrata）更易種植且外觀更優越。園藝上，翼狀豬籠草逐漸被紅瓶豬籠草代替，已少有人栽培。[17]

形態特徵

編輯
 
翼狀豬籠草的花序

翼狀豬籠草個體的顏色和形態差異巨大。雄花花程式為✶ K4 A4+4+1* G0（雄花頂端/*/可能不存在），雌花為✶ K4 A0 G(4)。[20]

分類關係

編輯

翼狀豬籠草長期以來被視為是一種形態多樣性極高且分布範圍涵蓋整個菲律賓群島的物種（巴拉望島除外）。[21]在這個寬廣的界定下其分布海拔0至1900米[18]，範圍包括保和島、卡米金島、宿霧島、庫利昂島、萊特島、呂宋島、民答那峨島、民都洛島、內格羅斯島、班乃島、薩馬島[22][23]及錫布延島。

2013年，馬修·傑布與馬丁·奇克重新分類了僅分布於呂宋島北部及中部的物種，這些物種的捕蟲籠均具有顯著的毛被（這些類群在園藝上被稱之為「多毛翼狀豬籠草」）。[7]根據這種分類，分布於更南部的類群則被指向一個被恢復的物種——小花豬籠草（N. graciliflora，園藝上的「典型翼狀豬籠草」，其分布於保和島、萊特島、呂宋島、民答那峨島、民都洛島、班乃島、薩馬島及錫布延島）及新描述的內格羅斯島豬籠草（N. negros，比利蘭島及內格羅斯島）與拉莫斯豬籠草（N. negros，民答那峨島）。[7][24]分布於迪納加特島與薩馬島的綠豬籠草（N. viridis）也為其近親[25]，此外還有塞西爾豬籠草（N. ceciliae，民答那峨島）、科普蘭豬籠草（N. copelandii，迪納加特島與民答那峨島）、絕滅豬籠草（N. extincta，民答那峨島）、漢密吉伊坦山豬籠草（N. hamiguitanensi，民答那峨島）、奇坦蘭山豬籠草（N. kitanglad，民答那峨島）、倉田豬籠草（N. kurata，民答那峨島）、萊特島豬籠草（N. leyte，萊特島）、薩蘭加尼豬籠草（N. saranganiensis，民答那峨島）及超基豬籠草（N. ultra，呂宋島）。[7][18][24][26][27][28]這些物種屬於「翼狀豬籠草組」分類群，之間存在著許多共同特徵，比如葉柄具翼，捕蟲籠籠蓋下表面基部存在附屬物，及上位籠基部通常較寬。[7][26]

翼狀豬籠草與許多其他的豬籠草物種間存在著密切的近緣關係，包括科普蘭豬籠草、民答那峨島豬籠草 和薩蘭加尼豬籠草。產自蘇門答臘的真穗豬籠草（N. eustachya）曾一度因模式標本的誤釋而被認為是翼狀豬籠草的一個變種；實際上這兩個物種間並沒有密切的近緣關係。

翼狀豬籠草與真穗豬籠草之間形態特徵的區別（Jebb & Cheek, 1997）
形態特徵 翼狀豬籠草 真穗豬籠草
葉片 披針形－卵形 披針形
葉尖 急尖或漸尖 圓形至近盾形
葉柄 呈槽狀 略呈或根本不呈槽狀
籠蔓尾 不分叉，尖銳 不分叉或分叉
毛被 紅色或白色 通體無毛
捕蟲籠基部形狀 結構與捕蟲籠的其餘部分類似，漸尖至籠蔓 角狀，木質，漸尖至籠蔓

種下類群

編輯
 
翼狀豬籠草的下位籠

自然雜交種

編輯

參考文獻

編輯
  1. ^ Clarke, C.M. Nepenthes alata. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018: e.T49120197A143972386 [17 April 2020]. 
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  3. ^ （拉丁文） Blume, C.L. 1852. Ord. Nepenthaceae. In: Museum Botanicum Lugduno-Batavum, sive stirpium exoticarum novarum vel minus cognitarum ex vivis aut siccis brevis expositio. Tom. II. Nr. 1. E.J. Brill, Lugduni-Batavorum. pp. 5–10.
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