間氯苯基哌嗪
此條目可參照英語維基百科相應條目來擴充。 (2024年4月11日) |
間氯苯基哌嗪(英語縮寫mCPP)是一種苯基哌嗪類精神活性藥物。它最初於1970年代末開發並用於科學研究,然後在2000年代中期作為設計師藥物出售。[4][5]該藥物被發現存在於多種物質里,包括在紐西蘭被吹捧為非法興奮劑的合法替代品藥丸以及在歐洲和美國作為「搖頭丸」出售的藥丸。[6][7]
![]() | |
![]() | |
臨床資料 | |
---|---|
給藥途徑 | 口服給藥、鼻內給藥、直腸給藥 |
ATC碼 |
|
法律規範狀態 | |
法律規範 | |
藥物動力學數據 | |
藥物代謝 | 肝(CYP2D6)[1] |
生物半衰期 | 4至14小時[1][2] |
排泄途徑 | 尿 |
識別資訊 | |
| |
CAS號 | 6640-24-0 ![]() |
PubChem CID | |
IUPHAR/BPS | |
ChemSpider | |
UNII | |
KEGG | |
ChEBI | |
ChEMBL | |
CompTox Dashboard (EPA) | |
ECHA InfoCard | 100.026.959 |
化學資訊 | |
化學式 | C10H13ClN2 |
摩爾質量 | 196.68 g·mol−1 |
3D模型(JSmol) | |
| |
|
儘管間氯苯基哌嗪在廣告中被宣傳為一種娛樂物質,但實際上人們普遍認為吸食間氯苯基哌嗪是一種不愉快的體驗,吸毒者並不想要這種體驗。[6]它缺乏任何強化作用,但具有精神興奮、引發焦慮和致幻作用。[8][9][10][11]它會對齧齒動物和人類產生煩躁、抑鬱和焦慮作用,[12][13]並可能在易感個體中引起驚恐發作。[14][15][16][17]它還會加劇患有這種疾病的人的強迫症狀。[18][19][20]
間氯苯基哌嗪已知會引起頭痛,並已用於測試潛在的抗偏頭痛藥物。[21][22][23]它具有有效的厭食作用,並促進了選擇性5-HT2C受體激動劑的開發,用於治療肥胖症。[24][25][26][27]
參考資料
編輯- ^ 1.0 1.1 Rotzinger S, Bourin M, Akimoto Y, Coutts RT, Baker GB. Metabolism of some "second"- and "fourth"-generation antidepressants: iprindole, viloxazine, bupropion, mianserin, maprotiline, trazodone, nefazodone, and venlafaxine. Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology. August 1999, 19 (4): 427–442. PMID 10379419. S2CID 19585113. doi:10.1023/a:1006953923305.
- ^ Schatzberg AF, Nemeroff CB. The American Psychiatric Association Publishing Textbook of Psychopharmacology, Fifth Edition. American Psychiatric Pub. 2017: 460–. ISBN 978-1-58562-523-9.
- ^ Anvisa. RDC Nº 804 - Listas de Substâncias Entorpecentes, Psicotrópicas, Precursoras e Outras sob Controle Especial [Collegiate Board Resolution No. 804 - Lists of Narcotic, Psychotropic, Precursor, and Other Substances under Special Control]. Diário Oficial da União. 2023-07-24 (2023-07-25) [2023-08-27]. (原始內容存檔於2023-08-27) (巴西葡萄牙語).
- ^ Bossong MG, Van Dijk JP, Niesink RJ. Methylone and mCPP, two new drugs of abuse?. Addiction Biology. December 2005, 10 (4): 321–323. PMID 16318952. S2CID 36169592. doi:10.1080/13556210500350794. (原始內容存檔於2013-01-05).
- ^ Lecompte Y, Evrard I, Arditti J. [Metachlorophenylpiperazine (mCPP): a new designer drug]. Therapie. 2006, 61 (6): 523–530. PMID 17348609. doi:10.2515/therapie:2006093 (法語).
- ^ 6.0 6.1 Bossong MG, Brunt TM, Van Dijk JP, Rigter SM, Hoek J, Goldschmidt HM, Niesink RJ. mCPP: an undesired addition to the ecstasy market. Journal of Psychopharmacology. September 2010, 24 (9): 1395–1401. PMID 19304863. S2CID 11186375. doi:10.1177/0269881109102541.
- ^ Vogels N, Brunt TM, Rigter S, van Dijk P, Vervaeke H, Niesink RJ. Content of ecstasy in the Netherlands: 1993-2008. Addiction. December 2009, 104 (12): 2057–2066. PMID 19804461. doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.2009.02707.x .
- ^ World Health Organization. 1-(3-chlorophenyl) piperazine (mCPP) - Expert peer review on pre-review report (PDF). [2021-01-12]. (原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2022-09-01).
- ^ Tancer ME, Johanson CE. The subjective effects of MDMA and mCPP in moderate MDMA users. Drug and Alcohol Dependence. December 2001, 65 (1): 97–101. PMID 11714594. doi:10.1016/s0376-8716(01)00146-6.
- ^ Tancer M, Johanson CE. Reinforcing, subjective, and physiological effects of MDMA in humans: a comparison with d-amphetamine and mCPP. Drug and Alcohol Dependence. October 2003, 72 (1): 33–44. PMID 14563541. doi:10.1016/S0376-8716(03)00172-8.
- ^ Nelson DL, Lucaites VL, Wainscott DB, Glennon RA. Comparisons of hallucinogenic phenylisopropylamine binding affinities at cloned human 5-HT2A, -HT(2B) and 5-HT2C receptors. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology. January 1999, 359 (1): 1–6. PMID 9933142. S2CID 20150858. doi:10.1007/pl00005315.
- ^ Rajkumar R, Pandey DK, Mahesh R, Radha R. 1-(m-Chlorophenyl)piperazine induces depressogenic-like behaviour in rodents by stimulating the neuronal 5-HT(2A) receptors: proposal of a modified rodent antidepressant assay. European Journal of Pharmacology. April 2009, 608 (1–3): 32–41. PMID 19269287. doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2009.02.041.
- ^ Kennett GA, Whitton P, Shah K, Curzon G. Anxiogenic-like effects of mCPP and TFMPP in animal models are opposed by 5-HT1C receptor antagonists. European Journal of Pharmacology. May 1989, 164 (3): 445–454. PMID 2767117. doi:10.1016/0014-2999(89)90252-5.
- ^ Klein E, Zohar J, Geraci MF, Murphy DL, Uhde TW. Anxiogenic effects of m-CPP in patients with panic disorder: comparison to caffeine's anxiogenic effects. Biological Psychiatry. November 1991, 30 (10): 973–984 [2024-04-11]. PMID 1756202. S2CID 43010184. doi:10.1016/0006-3223(91)90119-7. (原始內容存檔於2020-09-15).
- ^ Charney DS, Woods SW, Goodman WK, Heninger GR. Serotonin function in anxiety. II. Effects of the serotonin agonist MCPP in panic disorder patients and healthy subjects. Psychopharmacology. 1987, 92 (1): 14–24. PMID 3110824. S2CID 43079787. doi:10.1007/bf00215473.
- ^ Van Veen JF, Van der Wee NJ, Fiselier J, Van Vliet IM, Westenberg HG. Behavioural effects of rapid intravenous administration of meta-chlorophenylpiperazine (m-CPP) in patients with generalized social anxiety disorder, panic disorder and healthy controls. European Neuropsychopharmacology. October 2007, 17 (10): 637–642. PMID 17481859. S2CID 41601926. doi:10.1016/j.euroneuro.2007.03.005.
- ^ van der Wee NJ, Fiselier J, van Megen HJ, Westenberg HG. Behavioural effects of rapid intravenous administration of meta-chlorophenylpiperazine in patients with panic disorder and controls. European Neuropsychopharmacology. October 2004, 14 (5): 413–417. PMID 15336303. S2CID 28987431. doi:10.1016/j.euroneuro.2004.01.001.
- ^ Hollander E, DeCaria CM, Nitescu A, Gully R, Suckow RF, Cooper TB, et al. Serotonergic function in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Behavioral and neuroendocrine responses to oral m-chlorophenylpiperazine and fenfluramine in patients and healthy volunteers. Archives of General Psychiatry. January 1992, 49 (1): 21–28. PMID 1728249. doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1992.01820010021003.
- ^ Broocks A, Pigott TA, Hill JL, Canter S, Grady TA, L'Heureux F, Murphy DL. Acute intravenous administration of ondansetron and m-CPP, alone and in combination, in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD): behavioral and biological results. Psychiatry Research. June 1998, 79 (1): 11–20 [2024-04-11]. PMID 9676822. S2CID 30339598. doi:10.1016/S0165-1781(98)00029-8. (原始內容存檔於2020-09-15).
- ^ Pigott TA, Zohar J, Hill JL, Bernstein SE, Grover GN, Zohar-Kadouch RC, Murphy DL. Metergoline blocks the behavioral and neuroendocrine effects of orally administered m-chlorophenylpiperazine in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Biological Psychiatry. March 1991, 29 (5): 418–426. PMID 2018816. S2CID 37648659. doi:10.1016/0006-3223(91)90264-M.
- ^ Leone M, Attanasio A, Croci D, Filippini G, D'Amico D, Grazzi L, et al. The serotonergic agent m-chlorophenylpiperazine induces migraine attacks: A controlled study. Neurology. July 2000, 55 (1): 136–139. PMID 10891925. S2CID 27617431. doi:10.1212/wnl.55.1.136.
- ^ Martin RS, Martin GR. Investigations into migraine pathogenesis: time course for effects of m-CPP, BW723C86 or glyceryl trinitrate on appearance of Fos-like immunoreactivity in rat trigeminal nucleus caudalis (TNC). Cephalalgia. February 2001, 21 (1): 46–52. PMID 11298663. S2CID 8471836. doi:10.1046/j.1468-2982.2001.00157.x .
- ^ Petkov VD, Belcheva S, Konstantinova E. Anxiolytic effects of dotarizine, a possible antimigraine drug. Methods and Findings in Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology. December 1995, 17 (10): 659–668. PMID 9053586.
- ^ Kennett GA, Curzon G. Evidence that hypophagia induced by mCPP and TFMPP requires 5-HT1C and 5-HT1B receptors; hypophagia induced by RU 24969 only requires 5-HT1B receptors. Psychopharmacology. 1988, 96 (1): 93–100. PMID 2906446. S2CID 21417374. doi:10.1007/BF02431539.
- ^ Sargent PA, Sharpley AL, Williams C, Goodall EM, Cowen PJ. 5-HT2C receptor activation decreases appetite and body weight in obese subjects. Psychopharmacology. October 1997, 133 (3): 309–312. PMID 9361339. S2CID 7125577. doi:10.1007/s002130050407. (原始內容存檔於2002-01-12).
- ^ Hayashi A, Suzuki M, Sasamata M, Miyata K. Agonist diversity in 5-HT(2C) receptor-mediated weight control in rats. Psychopharmacology. March 2005, 178 (2–3): 241–249. PMID 15719229. S2CID 7580231. doi:10.1007/s00213-004-2019-z.
- ^ Halford JC, Harrold JA, Boyland EJ, Lawton CL, Blundell JE. Serotonergic drugs : effects on appetite expression and use for the treatment of obesity. Drugs. 2007, 67 (1): 27–55. PMID 17209663. S2CID 46972692. doi:10.2165/00003495-200767010-00004.