美国犹太人

美国犹太人
American Jews
美国犹太人; American Jews
總人口
	核心犹太人口：; 5,425,000 （2012年）; 扩大的犹太人口（含犹太人的非犹太裔亲属）; 6,721,680 （2012年）
分佈地區
	纽约、洛杉矶、费城、休斯顿、芝加哥
語言
	英语 · 俄语 · 希伯来语 · 意地绪语

美国犹太人（英語：American Jews）为具有犹太信仰或犹太血统的美国人。美國猶太社群體現了廣泛的猶太文化傳統，包括全方位的猶太宗教儀式。

根據宗教定義和不同的人口數據，美國擁有世界上最大或第二大的猶太社群，僅次於以色列。2012年，美國猶太人口估計在550萬至800萬之間，具體取決於該術語的定義，占美國總人口的1.7％至2.6％。^[9]

族群

目前美国的犹太人主要为阿什肯纳兹犹太人的后裔，其他少数犹太族群，如塞法迪犹太人及米兹拉希犹太人及转变信仰为犹太教者亦为美国犹太人的一部分。美国犹太人族群通常保持着犹太裔的文化传统，并遵守犹太教的戒律。

根据宗教统计原则的差异或人口移动的因素，美国是世界犹太族群第一大（或因统计准则差异为第二大）犹太聚集地区。美国犹太人的人口约为5,128,000，占2007年美国人口的1.7%。^[10]^[11]若考虑在文化上认同犹太文化但不一定信仰犹太教的人数，美国犹太人的人数为6,489,000，占2008年统计人数的2.2%。^[12]与之相比，以色列国中央统计局宣布的国内犹太人口总数在2009年为5,664,000，占以色列人口的75.4%。^[13]

政治

大多數的美國猶太人是民主黨的支持者，投票給民主黨的猶太人約70%至80%，僅次于非洲裔美國人及拉美裔美國人。另外約一至兩成保守的正教猶太教和支持以色列的猶太人則支持共和黨。近年由於美國的外交政策逐漸平衡，特別是民主黨改變立場不再偏袒以色列，使堅定支持以色列的共和黨增加支持的可能性。

尤其以唐納·川普總統為近期最為代表的一位，他主張強化以美關係，並且為以色列做了多項貢獻包含軍事方面。但是一部分行為存在者巨大爭議。例如：美國承認耶路撒冷為首都、承認以色列對戈蘭高地的主權。

宗教

美國猶太人對信仰不熱衷，與美國天主教徒和新教徒相信上帝的比例相比，明顯較低。2003年的統計數字，指美國全國信仰上帝的有79%，猶太人則只有48%。近年不少猶太人信奉佛教，佔美國佛教徒比例約30%，但在文化上仍有猶太傳統。

分布

2000年犹太裔人口分布百分率

地點上的分布

**主要犹太裔分布城市**
世界犹太人大会排名^[14]	宗教数据协会档案排名^[15]	都市区	犹太人数量（世界犹太人大会）	犹太人数量（ASARB）
1	1	紐約都會區	1,750,000	2,028,200
2	3	迈阿密	535,000	337,000
3	2	大洛杉矶地区	490,000	662,450
4	4	费城	254,000	285,950
5	6	芝加哥	248,000	265,400
6	8	舊金山灣區	210,000	218,700
7	7	大波士顿	208,000	261,100
8	5	巴尔的摩-华盛顿	165,000	276,445

州分

地區	美國猶太人 (2015)^[16]	百分比^[a]
亚拉巴马州	8,800	0.18%
阿拉斯加州	6,175	0.84%
亚利桑那州	106,300	1.58%
阿肯色州	1,725	0.06%
加利福尼亚州	1,232,690	3.18%
科罗拉多州	103,020	1.92%
康涅狄格州	117,850	3.28%
特拉华州	15,100	1.61%
華盛頓哥倫比亞特區	28,000	4.25%
佛罗里达州	651,510	3.28%
佐治亞州	128,420	1.27%
夏威夷州	7,280	0.51%
爱达荷州	2,225	0.14%
伊利诺伊州	297,435	2.31%
印第安纳州	17,220	0.26%
艾奥瓦州	6,170	0.20%
堪萨斯州	17,425	0.60%
肯塔基州	11,300	0.26%
路易斯安那州	10,675	0.23%
缅因州	13,890	1.04%
马里兰州	238,200	3.99%
马萨诸塞州	274,680	4.07%
密西根州	83,155	0.84%
明尼苏达州	45,750	0.84%
密西西比州	1,575	0.05%
密苏里州	64,275	1.06%
蒙大拿州	1,350	0.13%
内布拉斯加州	6,150	0.33%
内华达州	76,300	2.69%
新罕布什尔州	10,120	0.76%
新泽西州	523,950	5.86%
新墨西哥州	12,725	0.61%
纽约州	1,759,570	8.91%
北卡罗来纳州	35,435	0.36%
北达科他州	400	0.05%
俄亥俄州	147,715	1.27%
奧克拉荷馬州	4,625	0.12%
俄勒冈州	40,650	1.02%
宾夕法尼亚州	293,240	2.29%
罗得岛州	18,750	1.78%
南卡罗来纳州	13,820	0.29%
南达科他州	250	0.03%
田纳西州	19,600	0.30%
德克萨斯州	158,505	0.59%
犹他州	5,650	0.19%
佛蒙特州	5,985	0.96%
弗吉尼亚州	95,695	1.15%
华盛顿州	72,085	1.02%
西弗吉尼亚州	2,310	0.12%
威斯康星州	33,055	0.57%
怀俄明州	1,150	0.20%
總計	6,829,930	2.14%

注釋

^ Percentage of the state population that identifies itself as Jewish.

参考文献

^ Jewish Population in the United States * (1654 - 2012). Jewish Virtual Library. [2013-04-25]. （原始内容存档于2017-01-13）.
^ Aaron Kalman. Global Jewish population grows by 88,000 over past year. Times of Israel. September 9, 2012 [2013-04-25]. （原始内容存档于2021-04-10）.
^ Jewish population here is defined as the Enlarged Jewish Population. The Enlarged population includes: (A) Core Population - Those Jews who were either born to Jewish parents or converted to Judaism. (B) Other Persons of Jewish Parentage - Jewish fathers or grandfathers; non-Jews with Jewish backgrounds (C) Respective non-Jewish households members
^ Jewish Population in the United States, 2012 (PDF). Jewish Data Bank: 23. [2013-04-25]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2013-05-01）.
^ Naomi Zeveloff. U.S. Jewish Population Pegged at 6 Million. Forward. January 17, 2012 [February 5, 2013]. （原始内容存档于2019-01-07）.
^ American Jewish Year Book 2012 - Google Books. [2013-05-26]. （原始内容存档于2014-07-12）.
^ US Jewish Population is Anywhere Between 5.425 Million and 6.722 Million - Gestetner Updates | Gestetner Updates 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期2013-02-20.
^ Unity of Nobility - News for White Europeans » Israel says 6.722 million Jews in America, they love 6,000,000 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期2013-06-14.
^
6,700,000–6,829,930 according to:
- Arnold Dashefsky; Ira M. Sheskin. American Jewish Year Book 2015: The Annual Record of the North American Jewish Communities. Springer. 3 February 2016: 175–. ISBN 978-3-319-24505-8.
- A portrait of Jewish Americans Chapter 1: Population Estimates. Pew Research Center. 1 October 2013 [7 October 2013]. （原始内容存档于2021-07-20）. Combining 5.3 million adult Jews (the estimated size of the net Jewish population in this survey) with 1.3 million children (in households with a Jewish adult who are being raised Jewish or partly Jewish) yields a total estimate of 6.7 million Jews of all ages in the United States (rounded to the nearest 100,000)
An Estimate of 7,160,000 according to:
- American Jewish Population Project （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） (2015), Steinhardt Social Research Institute, Brandeis University
Enlarged population of 8,000,000–10,000,000 according to:
- DellaPergola, Sergio. World Jewish Population, 2015 (PDF) (报告). Berman Jewish DataBank. 2015 [23 May 2019]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2020-09-14）.
^ US Census Bureau Statistical Abstract 2009, Table 74. For persons 18 years or older, based on the Religious Landscape Survey, a survey conducted in the summer of 2007. (The Pew Forum on Religion & Public Life, Washington, DC, U.S. Religious Landscape Survey; released February 2008.), census.org 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期2011-06-28.
^ US Census Bureau, USA Statistics in Brief—Population by Sex and Age, 2007. 存档副本. [2013-05-26]. （原始内容存档于2009-05-15）.
^ US Census Bureau Statistical Abstract 2009, Table 76, Christian Church Adherents, 2000, and Jewish Population, 2008— States. The Jewish population includes Jews who define themselves as Jewish by religion as well as those who define themselves as Jewish in cultural terms. Data on Jewish population are based primarily on a compilation of individual estimates made by local Jewish federations (as reported in the American Jewish Yearbook). census.gov （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
^ Central Bureau of Statistics, Statistical Abstract of Israel, 2008, Table 2.2. cbs.gov.il （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
^ The Largest Jewish Communities. adherents.com. [November 8, 2008]. （原始内容存档于October 16, 2008）.
^ Judaism (estimated) Metro Areas (2000). The Association of Religion Data Archives. [December 1, 2009]. （原始内容存档于2009年11月23日）.
^ Ira Sheskin, Arnold Dashefsky. Berman Jewish DataBank: Jewish Population in the United States, 2015 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）. Page 15. Retrieved September 18, 2016 – select state from drop-down menu

参见

[17] Percentage of the state population that identifies itself as Jewish.

[1] Jewish Population in the United States * (1654 - 2012). Jewish Virtual Library. [2013-04-25]. （原始内容存档于2017-01-13）.

[2] Aaron Kalman. Global Jewish population grows by 88,000 over past year. Times of Israel. September 9, 2012 [2013-04-25]. （原始内容存档于2021-04-10）.

[3] Jewish population here is defined as the Enlarged Jewish Population. The Enlarged population includes: (A) Core Population - Those Jews who were either born to Jewish parents or converted to Judaism. (B) Other Persons of Jewish Parentage - Jewish fathers or grandfathers; non-Jews with Jewish backgrounds (C) Respective non-Jewish households members

[4] Jewish Population in the United States, 2012 (PDF). Jewish Data Bank: 23. [2013-04-25]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2013-05-01）.

[5] Naomi Zeveloff. U.S. Jewish Population Pegged at 6 Million. Forward. January 17, 2012 [February 5, 2013]. （原始内容存档于2019-01-07）.

[6] American Jewish Year Book 2012 - Google Books. [2013-05-26]. （原始内容存档于2014-07-12）.

[7] US Jewish Population is Anywhere Between 5.425 Million and 6.722 Million - Gestetner Updates | Gestetner Updates 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期2013-02-20.

[8] Unity of Nobility - News for White Europeans » Israel says 6.722 million Jews in America, they love 6,000,000 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期2013-06-14.

[Jewish_American_Population-9] 6,700,000–6,829,930 according to:
Arnold Dashefsky; Ira M. Sheskin. American Jewish Year Book 2015: The Annual Record of the North American Jewish Communities. Springer. 3 February 2016: 175–. ISBN 978-3-319-24505-8.

A portrait of Jewish Americans Chapter 1: Population Estimates. Pew Research Center. 1 October 2013 [7 October 2013]. （原始内容存档于2021-07-20）. Combining 5.3 million adult Jews (the estimated size of the net Jewish population in this survey) with 1.3 million children (in households with a Jewish adult who are being raised Jewish or partly Jewish) yields a total estimate of 6.7 million Jews of all ages in the United States (rounded to the nearest 100,000)
An Estimate of 7,160,000 according to:
American Jewish Population Project （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） (2015), Steinhardt Social Research Institute, Brandeis University
Enlarged population of 8,000,000–10,000,000 according to:
DellaPergola, Sergio. World Jewish Population, 2015 (PDF) (报告). Berman Jewish DataBank. 2015 [23 May 2019]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2020-09-14）.

[11] Arnold Dashefsky; Ira M. Sheskin. American Jewish Year Book 2015: The Annual Record of the North American Jewish Communities. Springer. 3 February 2016: 175–. ISBN 978-3-319-24505-8.

[12] A portrait of Jewish Americans Chapter 1: Population Estimates. Pew Research Center. 1 October 2013 [7 October 2013]. （原始内容存档于2021-07-20）. Combining 5.3 million adult Jews (the estimated size of the net Jewish population in this survey) with 1.3 million children (in households with a Jewish adult who are being raised Jewish or partly Jewish) yields a total estimate of 6.7 million Jews of all ages in the United States (rounded to the nearest 100,000)

[13] American Jewish Population Project （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） (2015), Steinhardt Social Research Institute, Brandeis University

[14] DellaPergola, Sergio. World Jewish Population, 2015 (PDF) (报告). Berman Jewish DataBank. 2015 [23 May 2019]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2020-09-14）.

[10] US Census Bureau Statistical Abstract 2009, Table 74. For persons 18 years or older, based on the Religious Landscape Survey, a survey conducted in the summer of 2007. (The Pew Forum on Religion & Public Life, Washington, DC, U.S. Religious Landscape Survey; released February 2008.), census.org 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期2011-06-28.

[11] US Census Bureau, USA Statistics in Brief—Population by Sex and Age, 2007. 存档副本. [2013-05-26]. （原始内容存档于2009-05-15）.

[12] US Census Bureau Statistical Abstract 2009, Table 76, Christian Church Adherents, 2000, and Jewish Population, 2008— States. The Jewish population includes Jews who define themselves as Jewish by religion as well as those who define themselves as Jewish in cultural terms. Data on Jewish population are based primarily on a compilation of individual estimates made by local Jewish federations (as reported in the American Jewish Yearbook). census.gov （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）

[13] Central Bureau of Statistics, Statistical Abstract of Israel, 2008, Table 2.2. cbs.gov.il （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）

[metroareas-14] The Largest Jewish Communities. adherents.com. [November 8, 2008]. （原始内容存档于October 16, 2008）.

[asarb-15] Judaism (estimated) Metro Areas (2000). The Association of Religion Data Archives. [December 1, 2009]. （原始内容存档于2009年11月23日）.

[Sheskin_and_Dashefsky-16] Ira Sheskin, Arnold Dashefsky. Berman Jewish DataBank: Jewish Population in the United States, 2015 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）. Page 15. Retrieved September 18, 2016 – select state from drop-down menu

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