人民党 (西班牙)

人民党
*Partido Popular*
人民党; Partido Popular
	人民党标志
简称	PP
主席	巴勃罗·卡萨多
秘书长	德奥特罗·加尔西亚·俄贺亚（英语：Teodoro García Egeal）
发言人	拉斐尔·埃尔南多（英语：Rafael Hernando Fraile）
创始人	曼努埃尔·弗拉加·伊里瓦内（英语：Manuel Fraga Iribarne）
成立	1989年1月20日，35年前
合并自	人民联盟（英语：People's Alliance (Spain)）、人民民主党（英语：People's Democratic Party (Spain)）、自由党（英语：Liberal Party (Spain, 1976–89)）
前身	人民联盟（英语：People's Alliance (Spain)）
总部	西班牙马德里赫诺瓦街13号; 28004
青年组织	新世代（英语：New Generations of the People’s Party of Spain）
党员; （2018年）	66,706
意识形态	保守主义; 社会保守主义; 民族保守主义; 自由保守主义; 基督教民主主义; 经济自由主义; 西班牙统一主义（英语：Spanish unionism）; 西班牙民族主义
政治立场	中间偏右至右翼
欧洲组织	欧洲人民党
国际组织	国际民主联盟; 中间派民主国际
欧洲议会党团	欧洲人民党党团
官方色彩	天蓝色
众议院	137 / 350
参议院	73 / 265
欧洲议会	12 / 59
地方政府; （2019年）	20,336 / 67,611
区议会	331 / 1,268
区政府	6 / 19
官方网站
	www.pp.es
	西班牙政治; 政党 · 选举

人民党（西班牙语：Partido Popular，通常简称为PP [peˈpe]) ）西班牙的一个中间偏右至右翼的保守主义政党，原名为1976年创立的人民联盟，1989年1月20日改名为人民党。

历史

1996年3月，该党在大选中获胜，取代连续执政14年的西班牙工人社会党成为执政党。人民党继承社会党继承执行“中间改良主义”路线，但在2003年追随美国参与伊拉克战争导致支持度下降，2004年执政期间更发生马德里三一一连环爆炸案。

拉霍伊年代 2004-2018

2004年人民党在大选中失利，成为最大在野党。

2011年11月20日，人民党赢得众议院350个席位中的186席，位居第一位，马里亚诺·拉霍伊于2011年12月20日就任首相^[10]。

2016年6月26日，人民党获得137席，维持第一大党的地位。

2018年6月1日，国会通过不信任动议，人民党的拉霍伊成为首位被国会罢免的首相。^[11]

2018年以后：卡萨多时代

2019年西班牙大选，人民党再度失利，虽然仍然为第二大党，但是收下创党历史以来最差表现，只有16.7%得票率和66席次。

选举

本国议会

选举	众议院					参议院		领袖	地位
西班牙议会
选举	得票	%	排名	席次	+/–	席次	+/–	领袖	地位
1989	5,285,972	25.8	2nd	107 / 350	2	78 / 208	15	何塞·玛丽亚·阿斯纳尔	反对党
1993	8,201,463	34.8	2nd	141 / 350	34	93 / 208	15		反对党
1996	9,716,006	38.8	1st	156 / 350	15	112 / 208	19		执政党
2000	10,321,178	44.5	1st	183 / 350	27	127 / 208	15		执政党
2004	9,763,144	37.7	2nd	148 / 350	35	102 / 208	25	马里亚诺·拉霍伊	反对党
2008	10,278,010	39.9	2nd	154 / 350	6	101 / 208	1		反对党
2011	10,866,566	44.6	1st	186 / 350	32	136 / 208	35		执政党
2015	7,236,965	28.7	1st	123 / 350	63	124 / 208	12		看守政府
2016	7,941,236	33.0	1st	137 / 350	14	130 / 208	6		执政党
2016	7,941,236	33.0	1st	137 / 350	14	130 / 208	6		反对党 (2018–2019)
2019年4月	4,373,653	16.69%	2nd	66 / 350	71	54 / 208	76	巴勃罗·卡萨多	(重新大选)
2019年11月	5,019,869	20.82%	2nd	88 / 350	22	80 / 208	26	巴勃罗·卡萨多	反对党

欧洲议会

年	得票	%	排名	席次	+/–
欧洲议会
1989	3,395,015	21.4	2nd	15 / 60	2
1994	7,453,900	40.1	1st	28 / 64	13
1999	8,410,993	39.7	1st	27 / 64	1
2004	6,393,192	41.2	2nd	24 / 54	3
2009	6,670,377	42.1	1st	24 / 54	0
2014	4,098,339	26.1	1st	16 / 54
2019	4,510,193	20.1	2nd	12 / 54	4

另见

对于1976年成立的同名党，见人民党（西班牙，1976年）。

参考资料

^ El Confidencial (in Spanish). 26 June 2018. Retrieved 26 June 2018.. [2021-08-29]. （原始内容存档于2022-04-12）.
^ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 ^2.4 Parties and Elections in Europe: The database about parliamentary elections and political parties in Europe, by Wolfram Nordsieck. [2015-12-28]. （原始内容存档于2016-01-26）.
^ ^3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 ^3.3 Hloušek, Vít; Kopeček, Lubomír, Origin, Ideology and Transformation of Political Parties: East-Central and Western Europe Compared, Ashgate: 159, 2010 [2015-12-28], ISBN 978-0-7546-7840-3, （原始内容存档于2016-05-12）, From its original emphasis on a 'united and Catholic Spain', in the 1980s and 1990s it gradually evolved under the leadership of José Maria Aznar into a pragmatically-oriented conservative formation, with Christian democratic and, even more strongly, economically liberal elements.
^ Resende, Madalena Meyer. Catholicism and Nationalism: Changing Nature of Party Politics. 2014-10-03 [2022-05-02]. ISBN 9781317610618. （原始内容存档于2022-02-17）.
Parties and Elections in Europe: The database about parliamentary elections and political parties in Europe, by Wolfram Nordsieck. [2015-12-28]. （原始内容存档于2016-01-26）.
Hloušek, Vít; Kopeček, Lubomír, Origin, Ideology and Transformation of Political Parties: East-Central and Western Europe Compared, Ashgate: 159, 2010 [2015-12-28], ISBN 978-0-7546-7840-3, （原始内容存档于2016-05-12）, From its original emphasis on a 'united and Catholic Spain', in the 1980s and 1990s it gradually evolved under the leadership of José Maria Aznar into a pragmatically-oriented conservative formation, with Christian democratic and, even more strongly, economically liberal elements.
^ Annesley, Claire, A Political And Economic Dictionary Of Western Europe, Routledge: 260, 2005
^ Balibrea Enríquez, Mari Paz. Tiempo de exilio: Una mirada crítica a la modernidad española desde el pensamiento republicano en el exilio. Montesinos. 2007: 40 [2015-12-28]. ISBN 9788496831469. （原始内容存档于2016-05-29）（西班牙语）.
^ Resende, Madalena Meyer. Catholicism and Nationalism: Changing Nature of Party Politics. 2014-10-03 [2022-05-02]. ISBN 9781317610618. （原始内容存档于2022-02-17）.
^ Jansen, Thomas; Van Hecke, Steven. At Europe's Service: The Origins and Evolution of the European People's Party. Springer Science & Business Media. 2011: 53 [2015-12-28]. ISBN 9783642194146. （原始内容存档于2016-03-03）. The right-wing Conservative AP was now transformed into a party of the centre-right: it was renamed People's Party (Partido Popular, PP) in the spring of 1989.
Newton, Michael T. Institutions of Modern Spain: A Political and Economic Guide. Cambridge University Press. 1997: 200 [2015-12-28]. ISBN 9780521575089. （原始内容存档于2016-03-03）. Since the 're-launch' of 1989, the party has established itself clearly as a party of the centre-right...
Meyer Resende, Madalena. Catholicism and Nationalism: Changing Nature of Party Politics. Routledge. 2014: xix [2015-12-28]. ISBN 9781317610618. （原始内容存档于2016-03-03）. In 1989 the AP transformed into the Partido Popular (PP) – a coalition of center-right forces...
Matuschek, Peter. Who Learns from Whom: The Failure of Spanish Christian Democracy and the Success of the Partido Popular. Steven Van Hecke, Emmanuel Gerard (编). Christian Democratic Parties in Europe Since the End of the Cold War. Leuven University Press. 2004: 243 [2015-12-28]. ISBN 9789058673770. （原始内容存档于2020-08-06）.
^
*Ferreiro, Jesus; Serrano, Felipe. Philip Arestis; Malcolm C. Sawyer , 编. The economic policy of the Spanish Socialist governments: 1982–1996. The Economics of the Third Way: Experiences from Around the World (Edward Elgar Publishing). 2001: 155 [2015-01-30]. ISBN 1843762838. （原始内容存档于2016-05-01）.
- Encarnación, Omar G. Spanish Politics: Democracy After Dictatorship. Polity. 2008: 61–64 [2015-01-30]. ISBN 978-0745639925. （原始内容存档于2016-05-05）.
- Íñigo-Mora, Isabel. Cornelia Ilie , 编. Rhetorical strategies in the British and Spanish parliaments. European Parliaments Under Scrutiny: Discourse Strategies and Interaction Practices (John Benjamins Publishing). 2010: 332 [2015-01-30]. ISBN 978-9027206299. （原始内容存档于2016-04-24）.
- DiGiacomo, Susan M. Sharon R. Roseman; Shawn S. Parkhurst , 编. Re-presenting the Fascist Classroom: Education as a Space of Memory in Contemporary Spain. Recasting Culture and Space in Iberian Contexts (SUNY Press). 2008: 121 [2015-01-30]. ISBN 978-0791479018. （原始内容存档于2016-05-07）.
^ 中国新闻网. 西班牙人民党宣布选举胜利拉霍伊当选下届首相. 2011年11月21日 [2011年11月21日]. （原始内容存档于2019年5月2日）.
^ 端传媒. 拉霍伊成西班牙首位被罷免首相，料新政府將採取親歐盟政策. 端传媒. 2018年6月1日 [2018年6月1日]. （原始内容存档于2020年8月8日）.

延伸阅读

Matuschek, Peter. Steven Van Hecke; Emmanuel Gerard , 编. Who Learns from Whom? The Failure of Spanish Christian Democracy and the Success of the Partido Popular. Christian Democratic Parties in Europe Since the End of the Cold War (Leuven University Press). 2004: 243–268. ISBN 90-5867-377-4.

外部链接

官方网站（西班牙文）

[1] El Confidencial (in Spanish). 26 June 2018. Retrieved 26 June 2018.. [2021-08-29]. （原始内容存档于2022-04-12）.

[Nordsieck-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 ^2.4 Parties and Elections in Europe: The database about parliamentary elections and political parties in Europe, by Wolfram Nordsieck. [2015-12-28]. （原始内容存档于2016-01-26）.

[HlousekKopecek-3] 3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 ^3.3 Hloušek, Vít; Kopeček, Lubomír, Origin, Ideology and Transformation of Political Parties: East-Central and Western Europe Compared, Ashgate: 159, 2010 [2015-12-28], ISBN 978-0-7546-7840-3, （原始内容存档于2016-05-12）, From its original emphasis on a 'united and Catholic Spain', in the 1980s and 1990s it gradually evolved under the leadership of José Maria Aznar into a pragmatically-oriented conservative formation, with Christian democratic and, even more strongly, economically liberal elements.

[4] Resende, Madalena Meyer. Catholicism and Nationalism: Changing Nature of Party Politics. 2014-10-03 [2022-05-02]. ISBN 9781317610618. （原始内容存档于2022-02-17）.
Parties and Elections in Europe: The database about parliamentary elections and political parties in Europe, by Wolfram Nordsieck. [2015-12-28]. （原始内容存档于2016-01-26）.
Hloušek, Vít; Kopeček, Lubomír, Origin, Ideology and Transformation of Political Parties: East-Central and Western Europe Compared, Ashgate: 159, 2010 [2015-12-28], ISBN 978-0-7546-7840-3, （原始内容存档于2016-05-12）, From its original emphasis on a 'united and Catholic Spain', in the 1980s and 1990s it gradually evolved under the leadership of José Maria Aznar into a pragmatically-oriented conservative formation, with Christian democratic and, even more strongly, economically liberal elements.

[5] Annesley, Claire, A Political And Economic Dictionary Of Western Europe, Routledge: 260, 2005

[6] Balibrea Enríquez, Mari Paz. Tiempo de exilio: Una mirada crítica a la modernidad española desde el pensamiento republicano en el exilio. Montesinos. 2007: 40 [2015-12-28]. ISBN 9788496831469. （原始内容存档于2016-05-29）（西班牙语）.

[7] Resende, Madalena Meyer. Catholicism and Nationalism: Changing Nature of Party Politics. 2014-10-03 [2022-05-02]. ISBN 9781317610618. （原始内容存档于2022-02-17）.

[8] Jansen, Thomas; Van Hecke, Steven. At Europe's Service: The Origins and Evolution of the European People's Party. Springer Science & Business Media. 2011: 53 [2015-12-28]. ISBN 9783642194146. （原始内容存档于2016-03-03）. The right-wing Conservative AP was now transformed into a party of the centre-right: it was renamed People's Party (Partido Popular, PP) in the spring of 1989.
Newton, Michael T. Institutions of Modern Spain: A Political and Economic Guide. Cambridge University Press. 1997: 200 [2015-12-28]. ISBN 9780521575089. （原始内容存档于2016-03-03）. Since the 're-launch' of 1989, the party has established itself clearly as a party of the centre-right...
Meyer Resende, Madalena. Catholicism and Nationalism: Changing Nature of Party Politics. Routledge. 2014: xix [2015-12-28]. ISBN 9781317610618. （原始内容存档于2016-03-03）. In 1989 the AP transformed into the Partido Popular (PP) – a coalition of center-right forces...
Matuschek, Peter. Who Learns from Whom: The Failure of Spanish Christian Democracy and the Success of the Partido Popular. Steven Van Hecke, Emmanuel Gerard (编). Christian Democratic Parties in Europe Since the End of the Cold War. Leuven University Press. 2004: 243 [2015-12-28]. ISBN 9789058673770. （原始内容存档于2020-08-06）.

[9] *Ferreiro, Jesus; Serrano, Felipe. Philip Arestis; Malcolm C. Sawyer , 编. The economic policy of the Spanish Socialist governments: 1982–1996. The Economics of the Third Way: Experiences from Around the World (Edward Elgar Publishing). 2001: 155 [2015-01-30]. ISBN 1843762838. （原始内容存档于2016-05-01）.
Encarnación, Omar G. Spanish Politics: Democracy After Dictatorship. Polity. 2008: 61–64 [2015-01-30]. ISBN 978-0745639925. （原始内容存档于2016-05-05）.

Íñigo-Mora, Isabel. Cornelia Ilie , 编. Rhetorical strategies in the British and Spanish parliaments. European Parliaments Under Scrutiny: Discourse Strategies and Interaction Practices (John Benjamins Publishing). 2010: 332 [2015-01-30]. ISBN 978-9027206299. （原始内容存档于2016-04-24）.

DiGiacomo, Susan M. Sharon R. Roseman; Shawn S. Parkhurst , 编. Re-presenting the Fascist Classroom: Education as a Space of Memory in Contemporary Spain. Recasting Culture and Space in Iberian Contexts (SUNY Press). 2008: 121 [2015-01-30]. ISBN 978-0791479018. （原始内容存档于2016-05-07）.

[10] Encarnación, Omar G. Spanish Politics: Democracy After Dictatorship. Polity. 2008: 61–64 [2015-01-30]. ISBN 978-0745639925. （原始内容存档于2016-05-05）.

[11] Íñigo-Mora, Isabel. Cornelia Ilie , 编. Rhetorical strategies in the British and Spanish parliaments. European Parliaments Under Scrutiny: Discourse Strategies and Interaction Practices (John Benjamins Publishing). 2010: 332 [2015-01-30]. ISBN 978-9027206299. （原始内容存档于2016-04-24）.

[12] DiGiacomo, Susan M. Sharon R. Roseman; Shawn S. Parkhurst , 编. Re-presenting the Fascist Classroom: Education as a Space of Memory in Contemporary Spain. Recasting Culture and Space in Iberian Contexts (SUNY Press). 2008: 121 [2015-01-30]. ISBN 978-0791479018. （原始内容存档于2016-05-07）.

[10] 中国新闻网. 西班牙人民党宣布选举胜利拉霍伊当选下届首相. 2011年11月21日 [2011年11月21日]. （原始内容存档于2019年5月2日）.

[11] 端传媒. 拉霍伊成西班牙首位被罷免首相，料新政府將採取親歐盟政策. 端传媒. 2018年6月1日 [2018年6月1日]. （原始内容存档于2020年8月8日）.

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