- ^ 1.0 1.1 Mazumdar (2000:57页) harv error: no target: CITEREFMazumdar2000 (help)
- ^ Goeman & van de Velde (2001:91, 94–95, 97, 101, 107页) harv error: no target: CITEREFGoemanvan_de_Velde2001 (help)
- ^ Verstraten & van de Velde (2001:50–51, 53–55页) harv error: no target: CITEREFVerstratenvan_de_Velde2001 (help)
- ^ 4.0 4.1 Goeman & van de Velde (2001:107页) harv error: no target: CITEREFGoemanvan_de_Velde2001 (help)
- ^ Goeman & van de Velde (2001:95, 97, 101, 107页) harv error: no target: CITEREFGoemanvan_de_Velde2001 (help)
- ^ Verstraten & van de Velde (2001:50–51, 53–54页) harv error: no target: CITEREFVerstratenvan_de_Velde2001 (help)
- ^ Verstraten & van de Velde (2001:54页) harv error: no target: CITEREFVerstratenvan_de_Velde2001 (help)
- ^ 8.0 8.1 L.F. Brosnahan. Outlines of the phonology of the Gokana dialect of Ogoni (PDF). [2013-11-24]. (原始内容 (PDF)存档于2013-04-03).
- ^ 9.0 9.1 Tiwari (2004:?页) harv error: no target: CITEREFTiwari2004 (help)
- ^ 10.0 10.1 Okada (1999:118页) harv error: no target: CITEREFOkada1999 (help)
- ^ 11.0 11.1 Vance (2008:89页) harv error: no target: CITEREFVance2008 (help)
- ^ 12.0 12.1 Labrune (2012:92页) harv error: no target: CITEREFLabrune2012 (help)
- ^ Khatiwada (2009:377页) harv error: no target: CITEREFKhatiwada2009 (help)
- ^ Khatiwada (2009:374页) harv error: no target: CITEREFKhatiwada2009 (help)
- ^ 15.0 15.1 15.2 Heide (2010:3–44页) harv error: no target: CITEREFHeide2010 (help)
- ^ 16.0 16.1 16.2 Kristoffersen (2000:24页) harv error: no target: CITEREFKristoffersen2000 (help)
- ^ 17.0 17.1 Masica (1991:107页) harv error: no target: CITEREFMasica1991 (help)
- ^ Lista das marcas dialetais e ouros fenómenos de variação (fonética e fonológica) identificados nas amostras do Arquivo Dialetal do CLUP (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) (葡萄牙语)
- ^ (葡萄牙语) Acoustic-phonetic characteristics of the Brazilian Portuguese's retroflex /r/: data from respondents in Pato Branco, Paraná (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆). Irineu da Silva Ferraz. Pages 19–21
- ^ (葡萄牙语) 保利斯塔内陆"首都"的韵尾/r/:社会语言学分析 (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆). Cândida Mara Britto LEITE. Page 111 (page 2 in the attached PDF)
- ^ (葡萄牙语) Rhotic consonants in the speech of three municipalities of Rio de Janeiro: Petrópolis, Itaperuna and Paraty (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆). 22和23页。
- ^ Bashir, Elena; J. Conners, Thomas. 3.3.1. A Descriptive Grammar of Hindko, Panjabi, and Saraiki. Volume 4 of Mouton-CASL Grammar Series. Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. 2019: 24 [2020-12-27]. ISBN 9781614512257. (原始内容存档于2021-03-24) (英语).
Retroflex /ṇ/和/ḷ/(即IPA/ɳ/和/ɭ/) 对应拉合尔旁遮普语齿音/n/和/l/ ,尽管这现象在城区年轻使用者那里减弱。我们发现卷舌鼻音和卷舌边音在现行旁遮普语Shahmukhi文正字法/ṇ/只偶然地被描写,且/ḷ/没有被呈现。
- ^ 23.0 23.1 Valenzuela, Márquez Pinedo & Maddieson (2001:282页) harv error: no target: CITEREFValenzuelaMárquez_PinedoMaddieson2001 (help)