甲氧氟醚

甲氧氟醚
临床资料
其他名称	甲氧氟烷、Penthrane
怀孕分级	澳: C ; ;
给药途径	吸入
ATC码	N02BG09 (WHO) ;
法律规范状态
法律规范	澳：限医生处方（S4）;
药物动力学数据
药物代谢	70%
识别信息
	IUPAC命名法 2,2-二氯-1,1-二氟-1-甲氧乙烷; ;
CAS号	76-38-0
PubChem CID	4116;
DrugBank	DB01028 ;
ChemSpider	3973 ;
UNII	30905R8O7B;
KEGG	D00544 ;
ChEBI	CHEBI:6843 ;
ChEMBL	ChEMBL1341 ;
CompTox Dashboard（英语：CompTox Chemicals Dashboard） (EPA)	DTXSID7025556 ;
ECHA InfoCard	100.000.870
化学信息
化学式	C3H4Cl2F2O
摩尔质量	164.966 g/mol
3D模型（JSmol（英语：JSmol））	交互式图像;
	SMILES ClC(Cl)C(F)(F)OC;
	InChI InChI=1S/C3H4Cl2F2O/c1-8-3(6,7)2(4)5/h2H,1H3 ; Key:RFKMCNOHBTXSMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N ;

甲氧氟醚（Methoxyflurane, INN），商品名Penthrane，是种在1970和80年代相当流行的卤代醚全身麻醉药。本化合物由威廉·穆勒（William T. Miller）在曼克顿计划的技术积累之上于1948年首次合成^[1]。

医学用途

甲氧氟醚是药效极强和高度亲脂性的全身麻醉药，诱导和恢复时间都很缓慢。本药品不易燃、对血液动力学影响不大、而且不会诱发心律不整^[2]^[3]，唯其对呼吸系统压抑较深^[4]。甲氧氟醚在远低于麻醉剂量的情况下便已经表现出强大的镇痛效果^[5]，故曾被用于分娩镇痛，类似今日常见的病人自主控制镇痛（英语：patient-controlled analgesia）系统^[5]^[6]。

副作用

甲氧氟醚的体内代谢会生成氟离子和二氯乙酸。这两者的综合作用或会导致主要器官毒性。1973年，甲氧氟醚被发现能造成剂量相关的肾毒性和肝毒性，而且在麻醉剂量便足以引起毒性。故临床上在70年代末期开始停用本药^[7]，并于1999年开始停止在美国和加拿大分销本药。2005年9月6日，美国食品和药物管理局因安全性顾虑决定全面停止销售本药^[7]。甲氧氟醚目前在澳洲仍然用于紧急情况下缓解因创伤引起的剧痛、应对短暂但会引起疼痛的医疗程序，例如伤口换药、以及在伤者运送过程中使用^[5]。

参考资料

^ Miller Jr, WT; Fager, EW; Griswold, PH. The Addition of Methyl Alcohol to Fluoroethylenes. Journal of the American Chemical Society. 1948, 70 (1): 431–2. doi:10.1021/ja01181a526.
^ Van Poznak A, Artusio JF. Anesthetic properties of a series of fluorinated compounds: I. fluorinated hydrocarbons. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. 1960, 2 (4): 363–73. PMID 13841124. doi:10.1016/0041-008X(60)90002-8.
^ Van Poznak A, Artusio JF. Anesthetic properties of a series of fluorinated compounds: II. fluorinated ethers. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. 1960, 2 (4): 374–8. PMID 13841125. doi:10.1016/0041-008X(60)90003-X.
^ Wyant GM, Chang CA, Rapicavoli E. Methoxyflurane (penthrane): a laboratory and clinical study (PDF). Canadian Anaesthetists' Society Journal. 1961, 8 (5): 477–87. PMID 13786945. doi:10.1007/BF03021373. ^{[永久失效链接]}
^ ^5.0 ^5.1 ^5.2 Babl FE, Jamison SR, Spicer M, Bernard S. Inhaled methoxyflurane as a prehospital analgesic in children. Emergency Medicine Australasia. 2006, 18 (4): 404–10. PMID 16842312. doi:10.1111/j.1742-6723.2006.00874.x.
^ Major V, Rosen M, Mushin WW. Methoxyflurane as an obstetric analgesic: a comparison with trichloroethylene. British Medical Journal. 1966, 2 (5529): 1554–61. PMC 1944957  . PMID 5926260. doi:10.1136/bmj.2.5529.1554.
^ ^7.0 ^7.1 Mazze Richard I. Methoxyflurane Revisited: Tale of an Anesthetic from Cradle to Grave. Anesthesiology. 2006, 105 (4): 843–846. doi:10.1097/00000542-200610000-00031.

[Miller1948-1] Miller Jr, WT; Fager, EW; Griswold, PH. The Addition of Methyl Alcohol to Fluoroethylenes. Journal of the American Chemical Society. 1948, 70 (1): 431–2. doi:10.1021/ja01181a526.

[VANPOZNAK1960-1-2] Van Poznak A, Artusio JF. Anesthetic properties of a series of fluorinated compounds: I. fluorinated hydrocarbons. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. 1960, 2 (4): 363–73. PMID 13841124. doi:10.1016/0041-008X(60)90002-8.

[VANPOZNAK1960-2-3] Van Poznak A, Artusio JF. Anesthetic properties of a series of fluorinated compounds: II. fluorinated ethers. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. 1960, 2 (4): 374–8. PMID 13841125. doi:10.1016/0041-008X(60)90003-X.

[Wyant1961-4] Wyant GM, Chang CA, Rapicavoli E. Methoxyflurane (penthrane): a laboratory and clinical study (PDF). Canadian Anaesthetists' Society Journal. 1961, 8 (5): 477–87. PMID 13786945. doi:10.1007/BF03021373. ^{[永久失效链接]}

[Babl2006-5] 5.0 ^5.1 ^5.2 Babl FE, Jamison SR, Spicer M, Bernard S. Inhaled methoxyflurane as a prehospital analgesic in children. Emergency Medicine Australasia. 2006, 18 (4): 404–10. PMID 16842312. doi:10.1111/j.1742-6723.2006.00874.x.

[Major1966-6] Major V, Rosen M, Mushin WW. Methoxyflurane as an obstetric analgesic: a comparison with trichloroethylene. British Medical Journal. 1966, 2 (5529): 1554–61. PMC 1944957  . PMID 5926260. doi:10.1136/bmj.2.5529.1554.

[Mazze,_Richard_I._M_pp_843-7] 7.0 ^7.1 Mazze Richard I. Methoxyflurane Revisited: Tale of an Anesthetic from Cradle to Grave. Anesthesiology. 2006, 105 (4): 843–846. doi:10.1097/00000542-200610000-00031.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]