甲氧氟醚

甲氧氟醚
臨床資料
其他名稱	甲氧氟烷、Penthrane
懷孕分級	澳: C ; ;
給藥途徑	吸入
ATC碼	N02BG09 (WHO) ;
法律規範狀態
法律規範	澳：限醫生處方（S4）;
藥物動力學數據
藥物代謝	70%
識別資訊
	IUPAC命名法 2,2-二氯-1,1-二氟-1-甲氧乙烷; ;
CAS號	76-38-0
PubChem CID	4116;
DrugBank	DB01028 ;
ChemSpider	3973 ;
UNII	30905R8O7B;
KEGG	D00544 ;
ChEBI	CHEBI:6843 ;
ChEMBL	ChEMBL1341 ;
CompTox Dashboard（英語：CompTox Chemicals Dashboard） (EPA)	DTXSID7025556 ;
ECHA InfoCard	100.000.870
化學資訊
化學式	C3H4Cl2F2O
摩爾質量	164.966 g/mol
3D模型（JSmol（英語：JSmol））	交互式圖像;
	SMILES ClC(Cl)C(F)(F)OC;
	InChI InChI=1S/C3H4Cl2F2O/c1-8-3(6,7)2(4)5/h2H,1H3 ; Key:RFKMCNOHBTXSMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N ;

甲氧氟醚（Methoxyflurane, INN），商品名Penthrane，是種在1970和80年代相當流行的鹵代醚全身麻醉藥。本化合物由威廉·穆勒（William T. Miller）在曼克頓計劃的技術積累之上於1948年首次合成^[1]。

醫學用途

甲氧氟醚是藥效極強和高度親脂性的全身麻醉藥，誘導和恢復時間都很緩慢。本藥品不易燃、對血液動力學影響不大、而且不會誘發心律不整^[2]^[3]，唯其對呼吸系統壓抑較深^[4]。甲氧氟醚在遠低於麻醉劑量的情況下便已經表現出強大的鎮痛效果^[5]，故曾被用於分娩鎮痛，類似今日常見的病人自主控制鎮痛（英語：patient-controlled analgesia）系統^[5]^[6]。

副作用

甲氧氟醚的體內代謝會生成氟離子和二氯乙酸。這兩者的綜合作用或會導致主要器官毒性。1973年，甲氧氟醚被發現能造成劑量相關的腎毒性和肝毒性，而且在麻醉劑量便足以引起毒性。故臨床上在70年代末期開始停用本藥^[7]，並於1999年開始停止在美國和加拿大分銷本藥。2005年9月6日，美國食品和藥物管理局因安全性顧慮決定全面停止銷售本藥^[7]。甲氧氟醚目前在澳洲仍然用於緊急情況下緩解因創傷引起的劇痛、應對短暫但會引起疼痛的醫療程序，例如傷口換藥、以及在傷者運送過程中使用^[5]。

參考資料

^ Miller Jr, WT; Fager, EW; Griswold, PH. The Addition of Methyl Alcohol to Fluoroethylenes. Journal of the American Chemical Society. 1948, 70 (1): 431–2. doi:10.1021/ja01181a526.
^ Van Poznak A, Artusio JF. Anesthetic properties of a series of fluorinated compounds: I. fluorinated hydrocarbons. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. 1960, 2 (4): 363–73. PMID 13841124. doi:10.1016/0041-008X(60)90002-8.
^ Van Poznak A, Artusio JF. Anesthetic properties of a series of fluorinated compounds: II. fluorinated ethers. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. 1960, 2 (4): 374–8. PMID 13841125. doi:10.1016/0041-008X(60)90003-X.
^ Wyant GM, Chang CA, Rapicavoli E. Methoxyflurane (penthrane): a laboratory and clinical study (PDF). Canadian Anaesthetists' Society Journal. 1961, 8 (5): 477–87. PMID 13786945. doi:10.1007/BF03021373. ^{[永久失效連結]}
^ ^5.0 ^5.1 ^5.2 Babl FE, Jamison SR, Spicer M, Bernard S. Inhaled methoxyflurane as a prehospital analgesic in children. Emergency Medicine Australasia. 2006, 18 (4): 404–10. PMID 16842312. doi:10.1111/j.1742-6723.2006.00874.x.
^ Major V, Rosen M, Mushin WW. Methoxyflurane as an obstetric analgesic: a comparison with trichloroethylene. British Medical Journal. 1966, 2 (5529): 1554–61. PMC 1944957  . PMID 5926260. doi:10.1136/bmj.2.5529.1554.
^ ^7.0 ^7.1 Mazze Richard I. Methoxyflurane Revisited: Tale of an Anesthetic from Cradle to Grave. Anesthesiology. 2006, 105 (4): 843–846. doi:10.1097/00000542-200610000-00031.

[Miller1948-1] Miller Jr, WT; Fager, EW; Griswold, PH. The Addition of Methyl Alcohol to Fluoroethylenes. Journal of the American Chemical Society. 1948, 70 (1): 431–2. doi:10.1021/ja01181a526.

[VANPOZNAK1960-1-2] Van Poznak A, Artusio JF. Anesthetic properties of a series of fluorinated compounds: I. fluorinated hydrocarbons. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. 1960, 2 (4): 363–73. PMID 13841124. doi:10.1016/0041-008X(60)90002-8.

[VANPOZNAK1960-2-3] Van Poznak A, Artusio JF. Anesthetic properties of a series of fluorinated compounds: II. fluorinated ethers. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. 1960, 2 (4): 374–8. PMID 13841125. doi:10.1016/0041-008X(60)90003-X.

[Wyant1961-4] Wyant GM, Chang CA, Rapicavoli E. Methoxyflurane (penthrane): a laboratory and clinical study (PDF). Canadian Anaesthetists' Society Journal. 1961, 8 (5): 477–87. PMID 13786945. doi:10.1007/BF03021373. ^{[永久失效連結]}

[Babl2006-5] 5.0 ^5.1 ^5.2 Babl FE, Jamison SR, Spicer M, Bernard S. Inhaled methoxyflurane as a prehospital analgesic in children. Emergency Medicine Australasia. 2006, 18 (4): 404–10. PMID 16842312. doi:10.1111/j.1742-6723.2006.00874.x.

[Major1966-6] Major V, Rosen M, Mushin WW. Methoxyflurane as an obstetric analgesic: a comparison with trichloroethylene. British Medical Journal. 1966, 2 (5529): 1554–61. PMC 1944957  . PMID 5926260. doi:10.1136/bmj.2.5529.1554.

[Mazze,_Richard_I._M_pp_843-7] 7.0 ^7.1 Mazze Richard I. Methoxyflurane Revisited: Tale of an Anesthetic from Cradle to Grave. Anesthesiology. 2006, 105 (4): 843–846. doi:10.1097/00000542-200610000-00031.

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